Leitmannova Liu Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-08-092162-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 280 Seiten, Web PDF

Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes, Volume 7, continues to include invited chapters on a broad range of topics, covering both main arrangements of the reconstituted system, namely planar lipid bilayers and spherical liposomes. The invited authors present the latest results in this exciting multidisciplinary field of their own research group.
Many of the contributors working in both fields over many decades were in close collaboration with the late Prof. H. Ti Tien, the founding editor of this book series. There are also chapters written by some of the younger generation of scientists included in this series. This volume keeps in mind the broader goal with both systems, planar lipid bilayers and spherical liposomes, which is the
further development of this interdisciplinary field worldwide.
* Contributions from newcomers and established and experienced researchers
* Exploring theoretically and experimentally the planar lipid bilayer systems and spherical liposomes
* Indispensable source of information for new scientists

Autoren/Hrsg.

Leitmannova Liu, A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;TOC$Contents;6
5;Preface;12
6;Contributors;14
7;CH$Chapter 1: Random Processes in the Appearance and Dynamics of an Electropore in a Lipid Membrane;18
7.1;1. Introduction;19
7.2;2. Lipid Membrane-Structure and Dynamics;21
7.2.1;2.1. Lipid Conformation;21
7.2.2;2.2. Random Movements of Lipids Molecules;23
7.2.3;2.3. MC Methods in Modeling Membranes;24
7.3;3. Randomness in Electroporation;29
7.3.1;3.1. Induction of a Pre-Pore;29
7.3.2;3.2. Appearance of a Hydrophilic Pore;33
7.3.3;3.3. Ionic Concentration and Membrane Susceptibility to Electroporation;34
7.4;4. Randomness in the Dynamics of Long-Lived Electropores;36
7.4.1;4.1. Creating a Single Long-Lived Electro-Nanopore;36
7.4.2;4.2. Analytical Methods for Stochastic Processes with a Memory;38
7.4.3;4.3. Stochastic Characteristics of the Electropore Fluctuations;43
7.4.4;4.4. Modeling Stochastic Processes of a Power-Law Spectrum;47
7.5;5. Summary;48
7.6;References;49
8;CH$Chapter 2: Functionalized Liposomes;56
8.1;1. Introduction;57
8.2;2. Liposome Formation;58
8.3;3. Stabilization of Liposomes;59
8.3.1;3.1. PEGylated Liposomes;59
8.3.2;3.2. Template Polymerization;60
8.3.3;3.3. Coating with Polyelectrolytes;62
8.3.4;3.4. DNA Coating;63
8.4;4. Functionalization;63
8.4.1;4.1. Encapsulation of Water-Soluble Molecules;63
8.4.2;4.2. Controlled Permeability by Polyelectrolyte Coating;66
8.4.3;4.3. Reconstitution of Membrane Channels into Liposomes;66
8.5;5. Possible Application of Functionalized Capsules in Diagnostics;67
8.5.1;5.1. Capsule Array;67
8.5.2;5.2. Manipulation of Capsules with External Fields: Donnan Potential;68
8.5.3;5.3. Functionalized Liposome Capsules as Intracellular Sensors and Delivery Vehicles;70
8.6;6. Conclusions;72
8.7;Acknowledgments;73
8.8;References;73
9;CH$Chapter 3: Pore-Suspending Membranes on Highly Ordered Porous Alumina and Porous Silicon Substrates: Preparation, Characterization, and Application;76
9.1;1. Introduction;77
9.2;2. Porous Substrates;78
9.2.1;2.1. Highly Ordered Porous Alumina;78
9.2.2;2.2. Highly Ordered Porous Silicon;79
9.3;3. Formation of Micro- and Nano-BLMs;80
9.4;4. Characterization of Nano- and Micro-BLMs;81
9.4.1;4.1. Electrical Characterization of Nano-BLMs;81
9.4.2;4.2. Optical Characterization of the Rupturing Process of Micro-BLMs;84
9.4.3;4.3. Lateral Diffusion of Lipids in Micro-BLMs;85
9.5;5. Applications of Nano-BLMs;86
9.5.1;5.1. Monitoring the Activity of Bacteriorhodopsin;86
9.5.2;5.2. Monitoring Single Channel Events of Peptides and Proteins;88
9.6;6. Solvent-Free Pore-Suspending Membranes;90
9.7;7. Conclusions;92
9.8;Acknowledgments;92
9.9;References;92
10;CH$Chapter 4: Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Mechanisms Revealed in Erythrocyte and Liposome Studies;96
10.1;1. Introduction;97
10.2;2. Biochemical Aspects of Mechanisms Involved in APS;98
10.2.1;2.1. Exposure of Negatively Charged Membrane Surfaces due to Loss of Membrane Asymmetry and Its Role in APS;98
10.2.2;2.2. Cardiolipin;99
10.2.3;2.3. Phosphatidylserine;100
10.2.4;2.4. Protein Cofactors and Their Antibodies;101
10.3;3. Cellular Microexovesicles (Microparticles) in Thrombosis and Hemostasis with Special Emphasis on APS;105
10.3.1;3.1. Mechanisms Leading to Microvesiculation;106
10.3.2;3.2. Effect of beta2GPI and aPL on Budding of Phospholipid Vesicles;114
10.4;4. Coalescence of Membranes Caused by beta2GPI and aPL;116
10.4.1;4.1. Experimental Evidence on the Effect of beta2GPI and aPL on Coalescence of Phospholipid Vesicles;117
10.4.2;4.2. Theoretical Description of the Coalescence of Membranes: Interaction Between Charged Surfaces Mediated by Ions with Dimeric Distribution of Charge;118
10.5;5. The Effects of ANXA5, beta2GPI and aPL on Phospholipid Membranes;128
10.6;6. Conclusions;130
10.7;Acknowledgments;130
10.8;References;131
11;CH$Chapter 5: The Single GUV Method to Reveal Elementary Processes of Leakage of Internal Contents from Liposomes Induced by Antimicrobial Substances;138
11.1;1. Introduction;139
11.2;2. Experimental Methods of the Single GUV Method;142
11.2.1;2.1. Preparation of GUVs;142
11.2.2;2.2. The Method to Induce the Interaction of Substance Solution with a Single GUV;143
11.3;3. Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide, Magainin 2, on Membrane Permeability and Membrane Structure;144
11.4;4. Effect of Antibacterial Tea Catechin, EGCg, on Membrane Permeability and Membrane Structure;151
11.5;5. Conclusion and Advantage of the Single GUV Method;156
11.6;Acknowledgments;158
11.7;References;158
12;CH$Chapter 6: Flexible Membrane Inclusions and Membrane Inclusions Induced by Rigid Globular Proteins;160
12.1;1. Introduction;161
12.2;2. Flexible Anisotropic Membrane Inclusions;161
12.3;3. Membrane Inclusions Induced by the Rigid Membrane-Embedded Protein;166
12.3.1;3.1. Perturbation of Lipid Molecules Around Rigid Membrane-Embedded Proteins;166
12.3.2;3.2. Energy of Membrane Inclusion Induced by a Single Rigid Membrane Protein;168
12.4;4. Estimation of the Model Parameters;172
12.4.1;4.1. Basic Model;172
12.4.2;4.2. Advanced Model;174
12.5;5. Free Energy of Bilayer Membrane with Membrane-Embedded Inclusions;180
12.6;6. Conclusions;182
12.7;Acknowledgments;183
12.8;References;183
13;CH$Chapter 7: A New Class of Peptide-Forming Channel: Calcitonins;186
13.1;1. Introduction;188
13.2;2. Materials and Methods;190
13.2.1;2.1. The Single-Channel Measurements;190
13.2.2;2.2. Chemicals;191
13.2.3;2.3. The Data Analysis;192
13.3;3. Evidence of hCt Channels Formation;193
13.3.1;3.1. hCt Can Form Voltage-Dependent Channels with Weak Anion Selectivity;193
13.4;4. Role of Detergents on the Characteristics of hCt Single Channels;195
13.4.1;4.1. hCt Channel Activity Can Be Increased by SDS;197
13.4.2;4.2. There Is an Optimal Molecular Ratio Between hCt:SDS for hCt Channel Activity;198
13.4.3;4.3. The Addition of SDS to hCt Does Not Change the Voltage Dependence or the Lifetime, While Its Selectivity Shifts to Cations;200
13.4.4;4.4. Different Detergents Produce Different Effects on hCt Channel Activity;200
13.5;5. Effects of pH Variations on Insertion and Channel Formation of hCt;201
13.5.1;5.1. pH Bathing Condition Has Different Effects on the Channel Characteristics Depending on the Nature of PLM;201
13.6;6. Investigations on sCt and eCt;206
13.6.1;6.1. sCt and eCt Channels Form Voltage-Dependent Channels Having Almost Equal Selectivity for Anions/Cations;206
13.6.2;6.2. eCt Glycosylation Modifies the Activation Voltage to Form Channels and Shifts Ion Selectivity to Anion;207
13.7;7. Concluding Remarks;210
13.7.1;7.1. The Results;211
13.7.2;7.2. Relationships with Other Research;211
13.7.3;7.3. Tentative Interpretation of Physiological Relevance;215
13.8;References;215
14;CH$Chapter 8: Lipid-based Strategies in Inorganic Nano-materials and Biomineralization Study;220
14.1;1. Introduction;221
14.2;2. Synthesis of Various Nanocrystals Based on Lipid Strategies;221
14.2.1;2.1. Nanocrystals Protected by Lipid Membrane;221
14.2.2;2.2. Other Synthesis Methods of Nanocrystals Based on Lipid Strategies;226
14.3;3. Nanocrystal-Lipid Hybrid Materials;227
14.3.1;3.1. The Encapsulation of Various Nanocrystals in Lipid Membrane;227
14.3.2;3.2. Assembly of Lipid Membrane on Nanocrystals;228
14.4;4. The Application of Lipid-based Nanocrystals;229
14.4.1;4.1. Interaction of Nanocrystals with Lipid Membrane;229
14.4.2;4.2. Examples of the Applications of Lipid-based Nanocrystals;230
14.5;5. The Application of Lipid in Biomineralization;230
14.6;6. Conclusion and Perspectives;232
14.7;Acknowledgments;232
14.8;References;233
15;CH$Chapter 9: Self-Reproduction of Micelles, Reverse Micelles, and Vesicles: Compartments Disclose a General Transformation Pattern;238
15.1;1. Introduction;239
15.2;2. Theoretical Backgrounds;240
15.2.1;2.1. Autopoiesis;240
15.2.2;2.2. General Concepts in the Self-Reproduction of Micelles;243
15.3;3. Self-Reproduction of Micelles and Reverse Micelles;247
15.4;4. Self-Reproduction of Vesicles;252
15.4.1;4.1. "Small" Vesicles;253
15.4.2;4.2. The "Matrix" Effect;257
15.4.3;4.3. Theoretical Considerations and Modeling of Self-Reproduction;263
15.4.4;4.4. Homeostatic Systems;264
15.4.5;4.5. Giant Vesicles;265
15.5;5. Vesicle-based Semisynthetic Cells and their Self-Reproduction;267
15.5.1;5.1. The Minimal RNA Cell;271
15.6;6. Final Remarks;273
15.7;Acknowledgments;275
15.8;References;275
16;IDX$Subject Index;282