Simopoulos / Milner Personalized Nutrition

Translating Nutrigenetic/Nutrigenomic Research into Dietary Guidelines.
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9428-8
Verlag: S. Karger
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 201 Seiten

Reihe: World Review of Nutrition and DieteticsISSN

Awareness of the influence of our genetic variation to dietary response (nutrigenetics) and how nutrients may affect gene expression (nutrigenomics) is prompting a revolution in the field of nutrition. Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics provide powerful approaches to unravel the complex relationships among nutritional molecules, genetic variants and the biological system. This publication contains selected papers from the ‘3rd Congress of the International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics’ held in Bethesda, Md., in October 2009. The contributions address frontiers in nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics as well as non-coding RNAs and posttranslational gene regulations in various diseases and conditions. In addition to scientific studies, the challenges and opportunities facing governments, academia and the industry are included. Everyone interested in the future of personalized medicine and nutrition or agriculture, as well as researchers in academia, government and industry will find this publication of the utmost interest for their work.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Simopoulos, A.P.

Milner, J.A.

Weitere Mitwirkende

Koletzko, B.

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Onkologie, Krebsforschung
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Ernährungsmedizin, Diätetik
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Vorklinische Medizin: Grundlagenfächer Humangenetik
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Essstörungen & Therapie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Contents;6
3;List of Contributors;8
4;Preface;12
5;Opportunities and Challenges in Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics and Health;22
5.1;Why Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics?;22
5.2;Opportunities;23
5.3;Challenges;25
5.4;How to Deal with the Challenges;27
5.5;References;27
6;Genome-Wide Association Studies and Diet;29
6.1;Monogenic Disorders and Complex Disease;30
6.2;Enabling Technologies in GWAS;31
6.3;GWAS: Why Are They Important?;31
6.4;Use of Gene Chips and GWAS Datasets in Personalized Health Predictions;32
6.5;Gene-Diet Interactions: Crohn’s Disease;33
6.6;Acknowledgments;34
6.7;References;34
7;Copy Number Variation, Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Neurological Disorders;36
7.1;Ethyl-EPA;36
7.2;Huntington’s Disease;37
7.3;Myalgic Encephalomyelitis;38
7.4;Conclusions;39
7.5;References;39
8;Nutrigenetics: A Tool to Provide Personalized Nutritional Therapy to the Obese;42
8.1;Observational Studies Evidencing Gene-Nutrient Interactions on Weight Gain;43
8.2;Intervention Studies Concerning Genetic Modification Effects on Weight Loss and Maintenance;46
8.3;Nutritional Studies Concerning Gene-Dependent Effects on Obesity-Related Manifestations;49
8.4;Conclusions;51
8.5;References;51
9;Xenobiotic Metabolizing Genes, Meat-Related Exposures, and Risk of Advanced Colorectal Adenoma;55
9.1;Materials and Methods;56
9.2;Results;57
9.3;Discussion;59
9.4;Acknowledgments;62
9.5;References;64
10;Strategies to Improve Detection of Hypertension Genes;67
10.1;Subject Selection;68
10.2;Selecting an Intervention;69
10.3;Study Time Windows;69
10.4;Tissue versus Central Phenotype Measurement;70
10.5;Intervention Studies;72
10.6;Improving Genome-Wide Association Results;73
10.7;Summary;74
10.8;Acknowledgments;74
10.9;References;75
11;Diet, Nutrition and Modulation of Genomic Expression in Fetal Origins of Adult Disease;77
11.1;Epidemiology;78
11.2;Experiments of Nature;79
11.3;Cancer Risk and Early Life;80
11.4;Growth and Development;81
11.5;Size and Body Composition at Birth;83
11.6;Developmental Plasticity;84
11.7;Animal Models;84
11.8;Epigenetics and Cancer;88
11.9;Conclusion;88
11.10;References;90
12;Choline: Clinical Nutrigenetic/Nutrigenomic Approaches for Identification of Functions and Dietary Requirements;94
12.1;Challenges for Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics;94
12.2;Other Considerations before Undertaking Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics;96
12.3;Prototype Experiment in Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics: Studies on Choline Deficiency;96
12.4;Choline Metabolism;96
12.5;Consequences of Dietary Choline Deficiency in Humans;97
12.6;Genetic Variation in Dietary Requirements for Choline;99
12.7;Choline and Neural Development;99
12.8;Choline Deficiency Alters Gene Expression via Epigenetic Mechanisms;100
12.9;Long-Lasting Consequences of Prenatal Choline Availability;100
12.10;Implications for Human Brain Development;101
12.11;Acknowledgments;101
12.12;References;101
13;Dietary Polyphenols, Deacetylases and Chromatin Remodeling in Inflammation;105
13.1;Polyphenols: An Overview;106
13.2;Modulation of Inflammation by Polyphenols;106
13.3;Deacetylases and Inflammation;108
13.4;Modulation of Deacetylases by Dietary Polyphenols;109
13.5;Conclusions;112
13.6;Acknowledgments;113
13.7;References;113
14;Dietary Manipulation of Histone Structure and Function;116
14.1;Use of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Prevention;117
14.2;Dietary Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases;118
14.3;Future Directions and Conclusions;120
14.4;Acknowledgments;121
14.5;References;122
15;Changes in Human Adipose Tissue Gene Expression during Diet-Induced Weight Loss;124
15.1;Obesity;124
15.2;Obesity Treatment;125
15.3;Adipose Tissue;125
15.4;Expression Profiling of Human Adipose Tissue during Diet-Induced Weight Loss;126
15.5;Serum Amyloid A Expression in Human Adipose Tissue and Association with Metabolic Disease;129
15.6;CIDE Family;130
15.7;A Local Activin B Signaling System in Adipose Tissue?;131
15.8;Conclusions;132
15.9;Acknowledgments;132
15.10;References;132
16;Toxicogenomics and Studies of Genomic Effects of Dietary Components;136
16.1;Reference Materials and Methods to Improve and Monitor Laboratory Proficiency in Microarray Assays;137
16.2;Identification of Factors that Increase Biological Noise in Gene Expression Studies;138
16.3;Phenotypic Anchoring to Supply a Biological Context for Interpreting Gene Expression Data;140
16.4;Reference Sets that Aid in the Interpretation of Adverse versus Adaptive Effects;141
16.5;Conclusions;142
16.6;Disclaimer;142
16.7;References;142
17;Dietary Methyl Deficiency, microRNA Expression and Susceptibility to Liver Carcinogenesis;144
17.1;Materials and Methods;145
17.2;Results and Discussion;146
17.3;Disclaimer;150
17.4;References;150
18;Redox Dysregulation and Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia: Nutrigenetics as a Challenge in Psychiatric Disease Prevention;152
18.1;Redox/Glutathione Dysregulation Is a Vulnerability Factor in Schizophrenia;155
18.2;Pathophysiological Mechanisms;157
18.3;Developmental Animal Models with Redox Dysregulation;159
18.4;Therapeutic and Preventive Perspectives;162
18.5;Conclusion;167
18.6;Acknowledgments;167
18.7;References;167
19;Nutrigenomics and Agriculture: A Perspective;175
19.1;Genomic Prediction in Dairy Cows;175
19.2;Dietary Guidance;176
19.3;Discussion;178
19.4;References;180
20;Opportunities and Challenges in Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics: Building Industry-Academia Partnerships;181
20.1;The Challenge before Us;181
20.2;Accelerated Learning Curves;181
20.3;Professional Development and Building Networks;184
20.4;Sharing Science;184
20.5;Anatomy of a Partnership Model in Molecular Nutrition;184
20.6;Final Thoughts;188
20.7;Disclosures;188
20.8;References;189
21;Tailoring Foods to Match People’s Genes in New Zealand: Opportunities for Collaboration;190
21.1;Role of Genetics in CD in New Zealand;190
21.2;Modeling Genetic Variation in Human CD Populations in vitro;192
21.3;Estimating the Role of Diet in CD;193
21.4;Animal Models of IBD;194
21.5;Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Human Clinical Trials;194
21.6;Data Management and Integration;195
21.7;Acknowledgments;195
21.8;References;195
22;Author Index;197
23;Subject Index;198