Aichinger / Dierker / Joite-Barfuß Radiation Exposure and Image Quality in X-Ray Diagnostic Radiology

Physical Principles and Clinical Applications
Erscheinungsjahr 2013
ISBN: 978-3-662-09654-3
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 212 Seiten, eBook

X-ray diagnostic radiology is a major world-wide activi All doses due to medical exposure for radiological purposes ex cept radiotherapeutic procedures . . . shall be kept as low as rea ty. In Europe approximately 250 million X-ray examina sonably achievable consistent with obtaining the required diag tions are performed annually, and in the United States of nostic information, taking into account economic and social fac America a similar level of radiological activity is under tors taken. This results in the fact that the largest contribution to radiation exposure to the population as a whole is This concept is known as the ALARA principle (as low as known to be from man-made radiation sources arising in reasonably achievable), the form of diagnostic X-rays (UNSCEAR 2000). It is also In Article 4, 2(a), the MED states that: known that exposures vary widely, due to differences in Member States shall promote the establishment and the use of X-ray techniques and the level of skill of the operator of diagnostic reference levels for radiodiagnostic examinations the equipment. Consequently radiation protection of the patient is a major aim in modern health policy. The two Diagnostic reference levels are defined in Article 2 of the basic principles of radiation protection of the patient as MED as: recommended by the International Commission on Ra Dose levels in medical radiodiagnostic practices . . .

Zielgruppe

Professional/practitioner

Autoren/Hrsg.

Aichinger, Horst

Dierker, Joachim

Joite-Barfuß, Sigrid

Säbel, Manfred

Inhaltsverzeichnis

I.1 Introduction.- II.1 Production and Measurement of X-rays.- II.2 Interaction of Photons with Matter.- II.3 Radiation Field and Dosimetric Quantities.- II.4 Penetration of X-rays.- II.5 Scattered Radiation.- II.6 Image Receptors.- II.7 Image Quality and Dose.- III.1 Evaluation of Dose to the Patient.- III.2 Scattered Radiation.- III.3 Optimisation of Image Quality and Dose.- IV.1 X-ray Spectra.- IV.2 Interaction Coefficients.- IV.3 Characteristics of the Primary Radiation Beam.- IV.4 Characteristics of the Imaging Radiation Field.- IV.5 Miscellaneous.- IV.6 Patient-Dose Estimation.