Ainsworth / Sussman The Fungal Population

An Advanced Treatise
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7698-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 758 Seiten, Web PDF

The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, Volume III: The Fungal Population attempts to relate fungi to their environment as symbionts, saprobes, and parasites. This book discusses the effects of the interaction of fungi with their environment, and the summation of these effects as reflected in the geographical distribution and number of fungi is described. Organized into eight parts encompassing 27 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the ecology of fungi. This text then examines the taxonomy, morphology, and physiology of freshwater fungi. Other chapters consider the ecology of marine, saprobic fungi that falls into three categories, namely, ecological distribution, geographical distribution, and occurrence and habitat. This book discusses as well the characteristics and temperature ranges for growth of each of the known species of thermophilic fungi. The final chapter deals with the importance of the major characteristics of fungi. This book is a valuable resource for mycologists, botanists, paleobotanists, and taxonomists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ainsworth, G. C.

Sussman, Alfred S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Fungal Population;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;List of Contributors;6
6;Preface;8
7;Contents of Previous Volumes;18
8;PART I: ECOLOGY: SAPROBIC FUNGI AND THEIR HABITATS;24
8.1;CHAPTER 1. THE ECOLOGY OF TERRESTRIAL FUNGI;26
8.1.1;I. Introduction;26
8.1.2;II. Important Concepts;31
8.1.3;III. Factors Influencing Fungal Ecology;38
8.1.4;IV. Distribution of Fungi;43
8.1.5;V. Special Habitats and Habitat Selection;46
8.1.6;VI. General Habitats and Seral Succession;52
8.1.7;References;58
8.2;CHAPTER 2. ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FUNGI;62
8.2.1;I. Introduction;62
8.2.2;II. Quantitative Studies;64
8.2.3;III. Occurrence;66
8.2.4;IV. Lotic Environment;69
8.2.5;V. Lentic Environment;70
8.2.6;VI. Special Environments;84
8.2.7;VII. Habitat Factors;86
8.2.8;VIII. Phenology (Seasonal Occurrence);98
8.2.9;IX. Evidence for Succession;102
8.2.10;X. The Question of Communities;102
8.2.11;XI. Geographical Distribution;103
8.2.12;References;104
8.3;CHAPTER 3. SAPROBIC MARINE FUNGI;116
8.3.1;I. Introduction;116
8.3.2;II. The Habitat;117
8.3.3;III. Distribution;120
8.3.4;IV. Evaluation and Summary;124
8.3.5;References;125
8.4;CHAPTER 4. THERMOPHILES;126
8.4.1;I. Introduction;126
8.4.2;II. Physiology;128
8.4.3;III. Natural Occurrence;134
8.4.4;IV. Economic Importance;137
8.4.5;V. Notes on the Identification of Thermophilic Fungi;140
8.4.6;References;146
8.5;CHAPTER 5. PSYCHROPHILES;150
8.5.1;I. Introduction;150
8.5.2;II. Polar Fungi;150
8.5.3;III. Alpine Fungi;152
8.5.4;IV. Plant Pathogenic Fungi at Low Temperatures;153
8.5.5;V. Fungi on Refrigerated Foods;154
8.5.6;VI. Conclusions;155
8.5.7;References;155
9;PART II: ECOLOGY: SYMBIOTIC FUNGI AND THEIR ASSOCIATES;158
9.1;CHAPTER 6. MYCORRHIZA;160
9.1.1;I. Introduction;160
9.1.2;II. Types of Mycorrhiza and Their Fungi;163
9.1.3;III. The Physiology of Mycorrhizal Fungi;175
9.1.4;IV. Susceptibility and Resistance of Hosts to Mycorrhizal Fungi;180
9.1.5;V. Physiological Interaction of Host and Fungus;185
9.1.6;VI. Conclusions;192
9.1.7;References;192
10;PART III: ECOLOGY: PARASITIC FUNGI AND THEIR HOSTS;200
10.1;CHAPTER 7. FUNGAL PARASITES OF PLANTS;202
10.1.1;I. Introduction;202
10.1.2;II. Entry into the Plant;203
10.1.3;III. Growth in the Plant;210
10.1.4;IV. Life Cycle in Relation to That of the Host;218
10.1.5;V. Host Ranges;223
10.1.6;VI. Discussion;225
10.1.7;References;227
10.2;CHAPTER 8. FUNGAL PARASITES OF VERTEBRATES;234
10.2.1;I. Introduction;234
10.2.2;II. Taxonomic Distribution;235
10.2.3;III. Endogenous Mycoses;236
10.2.4;IV. Exogenous Mycoses;238
10.2.5;V. Host-Pathogen Interactions;243
10.2.6;References;247
10.3;CHAPTER 9. FUNGAL PARASITES OF INVERTEBRATES;250
10.3.1;I. Introduction;250
10.3.2;II. The Insect Host;250
10.3.3;III. Insect-Parasitism in the Fungi;251
10.3.4;IV. Modes of Parasitism;252
10.3.5;V. The Life Cycle of the Parasite;259
10.3.6;References;259
10.4;CHAPTER 10. FUNGAL PARASITES OF INVERTEBRATES;262
10.4.1;I. Introduction;262
10.4.2;II. Fungi Attacking Protozoans;263
10.4.3;III. Fungi Attacking Rotifers;265
10.4.4;IV. Fungi Attacking Nematodes;266
10.4.5;V. Fungi Attacking Other Invertebrates;272
10.4.6;References;272
10.5;CHAPTER 11. Fungi Parasitic on Other Fungi and Lichens;276
10.5.1;I. Introduction;276
10.5.2;II. Mycoparasitic Fungi;276
10.5.3;III. The Host-Parasite Relationship;287
10.5.4;IV. Fungi Parasitic on Lichens;288
10.5.5;References;289
11;PART IV: ECOLOGY: FUNGI UNDER DOMESTICATION;294
11.1;CHAPTER 12. FUNGI UNDER DOMESTICATION;296
11.1.1;I. Introduction;296
11.1.2;II. The Traditional Processes Using Fungi;296
11.1.3;III. Mushroom Growing;299
11.1.4;IV. Industrial Fermentations;302
11.1.5;References;307
12;PART V: ECOLOGY: METHODS OF ADJUSTMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT;310
12.1;CHAPTER 13. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ADJUSTMENT OF FUNGI TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT;312
12.1.1;I. Introduction;312
12.1.2;II. Mechanisms of Physiological and Biochemical Adjustment of Fungi;315
12.1.3;III. Conclusions;340
12.1.4;References;341
12.2;CHAPTER 14. SURVIVAL OF FUNGI AFTER FREEZING AND DESICCATION;348
12.2.1;I. Introduction;348
12.2.2;II. Biophysical Aspects of Freezing and Dehydration;350
12.2.3;III. Causes of Freezing Injury in Fungi;359
12.2.4;IV. Dehydration and Freeze-Drying;373
12.2.5;V. Preservation of Fungi by Freezing and Dehydration;388
12.2.6;VI. Ecological Implications and Conclusions;405
12.2.7;References;408
12.3;CHAPTER 15. GENETICAL ADJUSTMENT OF FUNGI TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT;418
12.3.1;I. Introduction;418
12.3.2;II. Adaptation in Fungi;419
12.3.3;References;436
13;PART VI: ECOLOGY: RESULTS OF ADJUSTMENT IN NATURE;440
13.1;CHAPTER 16. Effects of Adjustment to the Environment on Fungal Form;442
13.1.1;I. Introduction;442
13.1.2;II. Adjustment within the Substrate;447
13.1.3;III. Adjustment at the Substrate Surface;455
13.1.4;IV. Adjustment above the Substrate Surface;460
13.1.5;V. Conclusions;465
13.1.6;References;465
13.2;CHAPTER 17. LONGEVITY AND SURVIVABILITY OF FUNGI;470
13.2.1;I. Longevity;470
13.2.2;II. Survivability;481
13.2.3;III. Conclusion;499
13.2.4;References;499
13.3;CHAPTER 18. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FUNGI;510
13.3.1;I. Introduction;510
13.3.2;II. Distribution in Water;511
13.3.3;III. Distribution in Soil;514
13.3.4;IV. Distribution on Land;517
13.3.5;V. Distribution in the Atmosphere;522
13.3.6;VI. Endemism and Activity of Man;523
13.3.7;VII. Discussion;524
13.3.8;References;526
13.4;CHAPTER 19. THE NUMBER OF FUNGI;528
13.4.1;I. Introduction;528
13.4.2;II. Individual Fungi;528
13.4.3;III. Kinds of Fungi;530
13.4.4;IV. Names of Fungi;532
13.4.5;V. Number of Species of Fungi;534
13.4.6;References;536
14;PART VII: TAXONOMY: TAXONOMIC CRITERIA;538
14.1;CHAPTER 20. MORPHOLOGY AS A TAXONOMIC CRITERION;540
14.1.1;I. Introduction;540
14.1.2;II. Criteria;541
14.1.3;III. Sources of Morphological Criteria;544
14.1.4;IV. Of Fungi Imperfecti;547
14.1.5;V. Of Pyrenomycetes;552
14.1.6;VI. Of Basidiomycetes;557
14.1.7;References;563
14.2;CHAPTER 21. Host Specialization as a Taxonomic Criterion;566
14.2.1;I. Introduction;566
14.2.2;II. Plasticity of Physiological Characters;567
14.2.3;III. Implications of Genetical Research;568
14.2.4;IV. Specialized Forms as Taxa;570
14.2.5;V. Description and Publication in Relation to Taxa;574
14.2.6;VI. Conclusions;575
14.2.7;References;577
14.3;CHAPTER 22. BIOCHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF TAXA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE YEASTS;580
14.3.1;I. Introduction;580
14.3.2;II. The Nutritional Tests;581
14.3.3;III. Modes of Catabolism of the Test Substrates;582
14.3.4;IV. Translocation: The Entry of Substrates into the Cells;604
14.3.5;V. A Biochemical Interpretation of the Responses to Growth Tests;605
14.3.6;VI. Conclusion;611
14.3.7;References;612
14.4;CHAPTER 23. SEROLOGY AS AN AID TO TAXONOMY;620
14.4.1;I. Introduction;620
14.4.2;II. Historical Remarks;620
14.4.3;III. Test Procedures;622
14.4.4;IV. Specificity of Reaction;629
14.4.5;V. Application and Interpretation of Fungous Serology;630
14.4.6;VI. Conclusions;638
14.4.7;References;642
14.5;CHAPTER 24. GENETICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TAXONOMY;648
14.5.1;I. Introduction;648
14.5.2;II. Cytology;648
14.5.3;III. Genetics;650
14.5.4;IV. Conclusions;653
14.5.5;References;653
15;PART VIII: TAXONOMY: POSSIBLE EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS;656
15.1;CHAPTER 25. THE ORIGIN AND STATUS OF FUNGI (WITH A NOTE ON THE FOSSIL RECORD);658
15.1.1;I. The Origin and Status of Fungi;658
15.1.2;II. Note on Fossil Fungi;665
15.1.3;References;668
15.2;CHAPTER 26. POSSIBLE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FUNGAL GROUPS;672
15.2.1;I. Introduction;672
15.2.2;II. Convergence and Homology;676
15.2.3;III. The Phycomycete-Ascomycete Connection;678
15.2.4;IV. The Ascomycete–Basidiomycete Connection;680
15.2.5;V. Relationships within the Basidiomycetes;682
15.2.6;VI. Relationships within the Ascomycetes;691
15.2.7;VII. The Ascomycete-Deuteromycete Connection;693
15.2.8;Addendum;696
15.2.9;References;696
15.3;CHAPTER 27. ON THE EVOLUTION OF FUNGI;700
15.3.1;I. Significance of Basic Fungal Characteristics;700
15.3.2;II. Variability in Fungal Populations;703
15.3.3;III. Critical Events in the Evolution of Fungi;704
15.3.4;IV. Conclusion;712
15.3.5;References;714
16;AUTHOR INDEX;718
17;SUBJECT INDEX;739
18;INDEX TO FUNGI, LICHENS, AND ACTINOMYCETES;746