Aswathanarayana / Harikrishnan / Kadher-Mohien Green Energy

Technology, Economics and Policy
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-0-203-84146-4
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 364 Seiten

Renewable fuels, such as wind, solar, biomass, tides, and geothermal, are inexhaustible, indigenous, and often free. However, capturing them and transforming them into electricity, hydrogen, or clean transporation fuels often is not. Green Energy: Technology, Economics, and Policy addresses how to approach and apply technology, economics, and policy to bring down the costs involved with renewables, the most important challenge faced in the green era. Intended for students and professionals in resources, energy and environmental engineering and in economic fields focusing on green energy.

It explores the ways and means of using technology, economics, and policy to address R & D issues, market penetration, improved efficiency, investment capital, policy changes, and more. It elucidates Green New Deal models in which the twin objectives of job generation and mitigation of climate change impacts are achieved through the harnessing of the transformative power of technology. The book links energy science and technology with energy economics, markets, policy, and planning. It describes how this can be accomplished through public – private partnership in the prosecution of Innovation Chain (Basic Research - Applied Research & Development - Demonstration - Deployment - Commercialization).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Aswathanarayana, U.

Harikrishnan, Tulsidas

Kadher-Mohien, Thayyib S.

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Energietechnik | Elektrotechnik Alternative und erneuerbare Energien
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Wirtschaftssektoren & Branchen Energie- & Versorgungswirtschaft
• Technische Wissenschaften Energietechnik | Elektrotechnik Biogasanlagen, Energie aus Biomasse
• Technische Wissenschaften Energietechnik | Elektrotechnik Windkraftanlagen, Wasserkraftanlagen
• Technische Wissenschaften Umwelttechnik | Umwelttechnologie Umwelttechnik
• Technische Wissenschaften Energietechnik | Elektrotechnik Solarenergie, Photovoltaik
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umwelttechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Section 1: Introduction (U.Aswathanarayana)
Section 2: Renewable EnergyTechnologies (U.Aswathanarayana)
Chapter 1 Renewables and climate change (U. Aswathanarayana)
1.1 Projected growth of renewables

Chapter 2 Wind power (U. Aswathanarayana)
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Environmental factors
2.3 Costs
2.4 Wind power markets
2.5 Projected growth of wind power
2.6 Offshore wind power
2.7 Prognosis

Chapter 3 Solar energy (U. Aswathanarayana)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 PV Technology
3.3 Thin Films
3.4 Costs
3.5 Research & Development needed
3.6 New concept PV devices
3.7 Concentrated Solar Power

Chapter 4 Biomass (U. Aswathanarayana)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Technology
4.3 Algal biofuels
4.4 Biomass wastes
4.5 Costs
4.6 Ethanol
4.7 Landfill Gas
4.8 Prognosis

Chapter 5 Hydropower (U. Aswathanarayana)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 "Storage’’ Projects
5.3 Pumped storage hydroelectricity
5.4 "In-river’’ hydroelectric projects.

Chapter 6 Geothermal energy (U. Aswathanarayana)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Technology
6.3 Resources
6.4 Costs
6.5 Research & Development

Chapter 7 Tidal power (U. Aswathanarayana)
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Resource position
7.3 Rance (France) and Severn (UK) tidal barrages
7.4 Research & Development and Costs

Chapter 8 Deployment of renewable energy technologies (U. Aswathanarayana)
8.1 Characteristics and costs of common RETs
8.2 Potentials of RETs
8.3 Measuring policy effectiveness and efficiency
8.4 Overview of support schemes
8.5 Public–private partnership
8.6 An Integrated Strategy for the deployment of RETs
8.7 Renewable energy development in China and India
References
Section 3: Supply-side EnergyTechnologies (T. Harikrishnan, IAEA)
Chapter 9 Fossil fuels and CCS (T. Ohsumi)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Efficiency improvement in power generation
9.3 Fuel switching in fossil fuel power plants
9.4 Capture of CO2
9.5 Compression of CO2
9.6 Transport of CO2 in CCS
9.7 Storage of CO2

Chapter 10 Nuclear power (T. Harikrishnan)
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Future projections
10.1.2 Nuclear power and green energies
10.2 Nuclear fusion
10.2.1 Fission chain reaction
10.2.2 Natural fission reactors
10.2.3 Nuclear reactors
10.3 Sustainable nuclear fuel cycle options
10.3.1 Thorium fuel cycle
10.3.2 Uranium resources and products
10.3.3 Thorium resources
10.3.4 Uranium conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication
10.3.5 Spent fuel management and reprocessing
10.4 Advanced and next generation reactors
10.4.1 Generation IV reactors
10.4.2 Generation V reactors
10.4.3 Fusion reactors
10.4.4 Accelerator Driven System
10.5 Nuclear economics
10.6 Nuclear safety
10.7 Disposal of nuclear wastes

Chapter 11 Next generation green technologies (T. Harikrishnan)
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biomass gasification
11.2.1 Biomass
11.2.2 Gasification
11.2.3 Syngas
11.2.4 Fischer–Tropsch process
11.2.5 Biomass Integrated gasifier/gas turbine combined cycle
11.2.6 Environmental benefits of gasification
11.3 Marine energy
11.3.1 Marine current power
11.3.2 Ocean thermal energy
11.3.3 Salinity gradient power
11.3.4 Tidal power
11.3.5 Wave power
11.3.6 Damless hydro
11.4 Enhanced Geothermal Systems
11.4.1 Technical considerations
11.4.2 Economic considerations
11.4.3 Further studies required
11.4.4 Induced seismicity

Chapter 12 Algal biofuels (Sabil Francis)
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Comparative advantages
12.3 Problems with algal biofuels
12.4 Technologies
12.4.1 Cultivation of algae
12.4.2 Harvesting of algae
12.4.3 Extraction of various energy products
References

Section 4: Demand-side energy technologies (U.Aswathanarayana)
Chapter 13 Industry (U. Aswathanarayana)
13.1 Industrial energy use and CO2 emissions profile
13.2 Iron and steel
13.3 Non-metallic minerals
13.4 Chemicals and petrochemicals
13.5 Pulp and Paper
13.6 Non-ferrous metals
13.7 Research & Development, Demonstration and Deployment

Chapter 14 Buildings & Appliances (U. Aswathanarayana)
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 The building shell, heating and cooling
14.1.2 Windows
14.1.3 Hot water
14.1.4 Cooling systems: air conditioning
14.1.5 Appliances
14.1.6 Lighting
14.1.7 Heat pumps
14.1.8 Solar thermal heating
14.2 Passive houses and zero energy buildings
14.3 Bioenergy technologies
14.4 Research & Development, Demonstration and Deployment

Chapter 15 Transport (U. Aswathanarayana)
15.1 Overview
15.2 Alternative fuels
15.2.1 Biofuels for transport
15.2.2 Electricity in transport
15.2.3 Hydrogen in transport
15.3 Light-duty vehicles
15.4 Trucking and freight movement
15.5 Aviation
15.6 Maritime transport
15.7 Research & Development breaktroughs required for technologies in transport

Chapter 16 Electricity systems (U. Aswathanarayana)
16.1 Overview
16.2 Transmission Technologies
16.3 Distribution
16.4 Electricity Storage Systems
16.5 Demand Response
16.6 "Smart’’ Grid application
16.6.1 Electricity Pricing
16.6.2 Electricity grid and peak demand response
16.6.3 Incentives to shed loads
16.6.4 Technologies for demand reduction.
16.6.5 "Power plant in a box’’
References
Section 5: Making green energy competitive (U. Aswathanarayana)

Chapter 17 Roadmaps and Phases of Development of low-carbontechnologies (U. Aswathanarayana)
17.1 Why low-carbon technologies?
17.2 Emission reductions and Research Development & Demonstration investment
17.3 Innovation Systems in Technology Development
17.4 Research, development & Demonstration in the energy sector
17.4.1 Renewable Energy Sector
17.4.2 Fossil Fuel Power
17.4.3 Electricity System
17.4.4 Industry – Process Innovations
17.4.5 Buildings and Appliances
17.4.6 Transport – Vehicles
17.4.7 Transport – Fuels
17.4.8 Cross-cutting
17.5 Research, development & Demonstration policies

Chapter 18 Deployment and role of technology learning (U. Aswathanarayana)
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Technology Learning Curves
18.3 Commercialization of power generation technologies
18.4 Deployment costs
18.5 Regional deployment of key power generation technologies
18.6 Barriers to technology diffusion
18.7 Strategy for accelerating deployment
18.8 Investment issues

Chapter 19 Energy efficiency and energy taxation (U. Aswathanarayana)
19.1 Matrix of Economic Evaluation Measures
19.2 Total Life-Cycle Cost (TLCC)
19.3 Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)
19.4 Energy Efficiency of Renewable Energy Systems
19.5 Energy taxation
19.6 Renewable Energy Tax Credits
19.7 Depreciation

Chapter 20 Energy economics and markets (U. Aswathanarayana)
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Modeling electricity markets
20.3 Average costs and marginal costs
20.4 Load cycle
20.5 Energy economics
20.6 Levelized costs
20.7 Limit pricing model
20.8 Pollution as a negative externality
20.9 Energy futures and options markets
20.10 Energy and Information technology

Chapter 21 Renewable energy policies (U. Aswathanarayana)
21.1 Why renewables?
21.2 Market-based strategies to promote green energies
21.3 Country case histories
21.3.1 The Dutch Green Electricity programme
21.3.2 The USA Green Electricity Market
21.3.3 U.K. Green Electricity Market
21.4 Lessons
References

Section 6: A green new deal (Thayyib Sahini)
Chapter 22 Goals of the green new deal (K.M. Thayyib Sahini, IAEA)
22.1 Introduction
22.2 "Smart’’ electricity grid
22.3 Decarbonising electricity production
22.4 Decarbonising transport
22.5 Decarbonising buildings
22.6 Decarbonising industry
22.7 Conclusion

Chapter 23 Ways of "greening the economy’’ (Jayaraj Manepalli, Vienna)
23.1 Introduction
23.1.1 The challenges in the energy sector
23.1.2 The Urgency
23.1.3 Green Energ
23.2 Greening the economy: the challenge
23.2.1 Carbon Credits: Are these measures enough?
23.3 Financial stimuli
23.4 Research and development
23.5 Infrastructure development
23.6 Employment generation
23.7 Social security
23.8 Education and outreach
23.9 Conclusion

Chapter 24 Poverty, environment and climate change (K.M. Thayyib Sahini, IAEA)
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Climate change challenge and poverty
24.3 Poverty and environment
24.4 Eradicating poverty
24.5 Energy for Development
24.6 Integrating poverty eradication, protection of environment and energy security
24.7 Conclusion
References

Section 7: Overview and integration (U.Aswathanarayana)