Borrego / Norman Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XVII

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-387-68854-1
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 744 Seiten

In 1969 the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) established the Committee on Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS). The subject of air pol- tion was from the start, one of the priority problems under study within the fra- work of various pilot studies undertaken by this committee. The organization of a periodic conference dealing with air pollution modeling and its application has become one of the main activities within the pilot study relating to air pollution. The first five international conferences were organized by the United States as the pilot country; the second five by the Federal Republic of Germany; the third five by Belgium; the next four by The Netherlands; and the next five by Denmark; and with this one, the last three by Portugal. th This volume contains the papers and posters presented at the 27 NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application held in Banff, Canada, 24-29 October 2004. The key topics at this ITM included: Role of Atmospheric Models in Air Pollution Policy and Abatement Strategies; Integrated Regional Modeling; Effects of Climate Change on Air Quality; Aerosols as Atmospheric Contaminants; New Developments; and Model Assessment and Verification. 104 participants from North and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia attended th the 27 ITM. The conference was jointly organized by the University of Aveiro, Portugal (Pilot Country) and by The University of Calgary, Canada (Host Country). A total of 74 oral and 22 poster papers were presented during the conference.

Carlos Borrego is Professor of Environmental Engineering and Air Pollution Modeling at the University of Aveiro (Portugal). Former Minister of Environment (Portuguese Government) and President of the European Union delegation to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio 1992). Chairman of the International Technical Meetings of NATO/CCMS.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Borrego, Carlos

Norman, Ann-Lise

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;The Members of the Scientific Committee for the 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meetings on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application;8
3;History of NATO/CCMS Air Pollution Pilot Studies;9
4;Contents;11
5;Role of Atmospheric Models in Air Pollution Policy and Abatement Strategies;20
5.1;A Photochemical Screening Tool Based on a Scale Analysis of Ozone Photochemistry;21
5.2;Modeling and Analysis of Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides in the Southeast United States National Parks;31
5.3;An Investigation of Local Anthropogenic Effects on Photochemical Air Pollution in Istanbul with Model Study;38
5.4;Forecasting Urban Meteorology, Air Pollution and Population Exposure ( European FUMAPEX Project);47
5.5;Models-3/CMAQ Simulations to Estimate Transboundary Influences on Ozone and Particulate Matter Concentrations Over Ontario in Spring Ò Summer 1998;59
5.6;Cost-Optimized Air Pollution Control Using High- Order Sensitivity Analysis;66
5.7;Seasonal Evaluation of EU Road Traffic Emission Abatement Strategies on Photochemical Pollution in Northern Italy;77
5.8;Risk Based Approaches to Assessing the Environmental Burden of Acid Gas Emissions;86
5.9;Assessment of Different Land use Development Scenarios in Terms of Traffic Flows and Associated Air Quality;95
5.10;Concentrations of Toxic Air Pollutants in the U. S. Simulated by an Air Quality Model;105
5.11;A Numerical Study of Recirculation Processes in the Lower Fraser Valley ( British Columbia, Canada);115
5.12;A Preliminary Estimate of the Total Impact of Ozone and PM2.5 Air Pollution on Premature Mortalities in the United States;120
5.13;Application of a Comprehensive Acid Deposition Model in Support of Acid Rain Abatement in Canada;127
5.14;Modeling Source-Receptor Relationships and Health Impacts of Air Pollution in the United States;137
6;Integrated Regional Modeling;145
6.1;Evaluation of Local Ozone Production of Chamonix Valley ( France) During a Regional Smog Episode;146
6.2;Alternative Approaches to Diagnosing Ozone Production Regime;157
6.3;Analysis of Seasonal Changes of Atmospheric Aerosols on Different Scales in Europe Using Sequentially Nested Simulations;166
6.4;Interaction Between Meteorological and Dispersion Models at Different Scales;175
6.5;Modeling Photochemical Pollution in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula;184
6.6;Modeling the Weekend Effect in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula;194
6.7;Transport and Deposition Patterns of Ozone and Aerosols in the Mediterranean Region;204
6.8;On the Formulation and Implementation of Urban Boundary Conditions for Regional Models;214
6.9;Computational Model for Transient Pollutants Dispersion in City Intersection and Comparison with Measurements;224
7;Effects of Climate Change on Air Quality;232
7.1;Air Quality in Future Decades Ò Determining the Relative Impacts of Changes in Climate, Emissions, Global Atmospheric Composition, and Regional Land Use;233
7.2;Calculated Feedback Effects of Climate Change Caused by Anthropogenic Aerosols;243
7.3;Dimethyl Sulphide (DMS) and its Oxidation to Sulphur Dioxide Downwind of an Ocean Iron Fertilization Study, SERIES: A Model for DMS Flux;253
8;Aerosols as Atmospheric Contaminants;261
8.1;Aerosol Modelling with CAMX4 and PMCAMX: A Comparison Study;262
8.2;Source Apportionment of Primary Carbonaceous Aerosol Using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model;272
8.3;Urban Population Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Induced by Road Transport;282
8.4;Numerical Simulation of Air Concentration and Deposition of Particulate Metals Emitted from a Copper Smelter and a Coal Fired Power Plant During the 2000 Field Experiments on Characterization of Anthropogenic Plumes;292
8.5;Aerosol Production in the Marine Boundary Layer Due to Emissions from DMS: Study Based on Theoretical Scenarios Guided by Field Campaign Data;301
8.6;Modelling the Atmospheric Transport and Environmental Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Northern Hemisphere using a 3- D Dynamical Model;310
8.7;PM-Measurement Campaign HOVERT: Transport Analysis of Aerosol Components by use of the CTM REMÒ CALGRID;318
8.8;Direct Radiative Forcing due to Anthropogenic Aerosols in East Asia During 21- 25 April 2001;327
8.9;Modelling Fine Aerosol and Black Carbon over Europe to Address Health and Climate Effects;336
8.10;An Approach to Simulation of Long- Range Atmospheric Transport of Natural Allergens: An Example of Birch Pollen;346
8.11;Cloud Chemistry Modeling: Parcel and 3D Simulations;355
8.12;A Test of Thermodynamic Equilibrium Models and 3- D Air Quality Models for Predictions of Aerosol NO-3;366
9;New Developments;376
9.1;Comparison of Aggregated and Measured Turbulent Fluxes in an Urban Area;377
9.2;Ensemble Dispersion Modeling: Ï All For One, One For All!Ó;385
9.3;Linking the ETA Model with the Community Multiscale Air Quality ( CMAQ) Modeling System: Ozone Boundary Conditions;393
9.4;Mixing in Very Stable Conditions;405
9.5;Air Quality Ensemble Forecast Over the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia;413
9.6;Developments and Results from a Global Multiscale Air Quality Model ( GEM- AQ);417
9.7;A Variable Time-Step Algorithm for Air Quality Models;425
9.8;Temporal Signatures of Observations and Model Outputs: Do Time Series Decomposition Methods Capture Relevant Time Scales?;435
9.9;Wind Tunnel Study of the Exchange Between a Street Canyon and the External Flow;444
9.10;An Example of Application of Data Assimilation Technique and Adjoint Modelling to an Inverse Dispersion Problem Based on the ETEX Experiment;452
9.11;Micro-Swift-Spray (MSS): A New Modelling System for the Simulation of Dispersion at Microscale. General Description and Validation;463
9.12;New Developments on RAMS-Hg Model;473
9.13;Adaptation of Analytic Diffusivity Formulations to Eulerian Grid Model Layers of Finite Thickness;482
9.14;Particulate Matter Source Apportionment Technology ( PSAT) in the CAMx Photochemical Grid Model;492
10;Model Assessment and Verification;507
10.1;Testing Physics and Chemistry Sensitivities in the U. S. EPA Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System ( CMAQ);508
10.2;Real-Time Regional Air Quality Modelling in Support of the ICARTT 2004 Campaign;518
10.3;High Time-Resolved Comparisons for In- Depth Probing of CMAQ Fine- Particle and Gas Predictions;528
10.4;Sensitivity Analysis of the EUROS Model for the 2003 Summer Smog Episode in Belgium;538
10.5;A Performance Evaluation of the 2004 Release of Models- 3 CMAQ;547
10.6;Objective Reduction of the Space-Time Domain Dimensionality for Evaluating Model Performance;556
10.7;Cloud Processing of Gases and Aerosols in a Regional Air Quality Model ( AURAMS): Evaluation Against Aircraft Data;566
10.8;Evaluation of an Annual Simulation of Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter over the Continental United States Ò Which Temporal Features are Captured?;575
10.9;Evaluation of CMAQ PM Results Using Size- resolved Field Measurement Data: The Particle Diameter Issue and Its Impact on Model Performance Assessment;584
10.10;The U.K. Met OfficeÌs Next-Generation Atmospheric Dispersion Model, NAME III;593
10.11;An Operational Evaluation of ETA-CMAQ Air Quality Forecast Model;603
10.12;AURAMS/ Pacific2001 Measurement Intensive Comparison;612
10.13;Analyzing the Validity of Similarity Theories in Complex Topographies;621
10.14;Siting and Exposure of Meteorological Instruments at Urban Sites;628
10.15;The Effect of the Street Canyon Length on the Street Scale Flow Field and Air Quality: A Numerical Study;645
10.16;Limitations of Air Pollution Episodes Forecast due to Boundary- Layer Parameterisations Implemented in Mesoscale Meteorological Models;654
10.17;Posters Role of Atmospheric Models in Air Pollution Policy and Abatement Strategies;664
10.18;Use of Lagrangian Particle Model Instead of Gaussian Model for Radioactive Risk Assessment in Complex Terrain;665
10.19;Study of Air Pollutant Transport in Northern and Western Turkey;668
10.20;Source Term Assessment from Off- Site Gamma Radiation Measurements;671
10.21;Determination of the Impact of Different Emission Sources in the Air Quality Concentrations: The Teap Tool;674
10.22;Advanced Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling and Probabilistic Consequence Analysis for Radiation Protection Purposes in Germany;676
11;Integrated Regional Modeling;679
11.1;Comparison of Different Turbulence Models Applied to Modelling of Airflow in Urban Street Canyon and Comparison with Measurements;680
11.2;Pollutant Dispersion in a Heavily Industrialized Region: Comparison of Different Models;682
11.3;Study of Odor Episodes Using Analytical and Modeling Approaches;685
11.4;Application of Back-Trajectory Techniques to the Characterization of the Regional Transport of Pollutants to Buenos Aires, Argentina;688
11.5;Effects of Climate Change on Air Quality;691
11.6;Application of Source-Receptor Techniques to the Assessment of Potential Source Areas in Western Mediterranean;692
12;New Developments;695
12.1;Influence of the Autocorrelation Function in the Derivation of Fundamental Relationship e 8 s;696
12.2;A Model for Describing the Evolution of the Energy Density Spectrum in the Convective Boundary Layer Growth;699
12.3;Simulation of the Dispersion of Pollutants Considering Nonlocal Effects in the Solution of the Advection- Diffusion Equation;702
12.4;Concentration Fluctuations in Turbulent Flow;705
12.5;Model Assessment and Verification;708
12.6;SkillÌs Comparison of Three Canadian Regional Air Quality Models Over Eastern North America for the Summer 2003;709
12.7;Region-Based Method for the Verification of Air Quality Forecasts;714
12.8;On the Comparison of Nesting of Lagrangian Air- Pollution Model Smog to Numerical Weather Prediction Model ETA and Eulerian CTM CAMX to NWP Model MM5: Ozone Episode Simulation;717
12.9;High Resolution Air Quality Simulations with MC2- AQ and GEM- AQ;720
12.10;Nonlinear Models to Forecast Ozone Peaks;727
12.11;Evaluation of MC2 Profile Data During the Pacific2001 Field Study;730
13;27th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application;733