Cardon / Whitbeck The Rhizosphere

An Ecological Perspective
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-08-049304-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 235 Seiten

Below the soil surface, the rhizosphere is the dynamic interface among plant roots, soil microbes and fauna, and the soil itself, where biological as well as physico-chemical properties differ radically from those of bulk soil. The Rhizosphere is the first ecologically-focused book that explicitly establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes. This book includes chapters that emphasize the effects of rhizosphere biology on long-term soil development, agro-ecosystem management and responses of ecosystems to global change. Overall, the volume seeks to spur development of cross-scale links for understanding belowground function in varied natural and managed ecosystems.
* First cross-scale ecologically-focused integration of information at the frontier of root, microbial, and soil faunal biology
* Establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes
* Includes valuable information on ecosystem response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and enhanced global nitrogen deposition
* Chapters written by a variety of experts, including soil scientists, microbial and soil faunal ecologists, and plant biologists

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cardon, Zoe G.

Whitbeck, Julie Lynn

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Rhizosphere An Ecological Perspective;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of contributors;10
6;Acknowledgements;14
7;Introduction;16
8;Chapter 1 Root Interactions with Soil Microbial Communities and Processes;22
8.1;1.1 INTRODUCTION;22
8.2;1.2 THE COMPOSITION OF RHIZOSPHERE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES;23
8.3;1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RHIZOSPHERE SOIL THAT IMPACT MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION;34
8.4;1.4 IMPORTANCE OF RHIZOSPHERE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AT LARGER SCALES;38
8.5;1.5 CLOSING OBSERVATIONS;45
8.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;45
8.7;REFERENCES;46
9;Chapter 2 Carbon Fluxes in the Rhizosphere;52
9.1;2.1 INTRODUCTION;52
9.2;2.2 QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF RHIZODEPOSITS;54
9.3;2.3 RHIZOSPHERE CARBON FLUXES UNDER ELEVATED CO2;57
9.4;2.4 FUNCTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS;59
9.5;2.5 MICROBIAL ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY OF RHIZODEPOSITS;61
9.6;2.6 TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF EXUDATION AND RESPIRATION;63
9.7;2.7 METHODS FOR STUDYING RHIZOSPHERE CARBON FLUXES;66
9.8;2.8 PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH;69
9.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;72
9.10;REFERENCES;73
10;Chapter 3 Microfaunal Interactions in the Rhizosphere, How Nematodes and Protozoa Link Above- and Belowground Processes;78
10.1;3.1 THE PLANT AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN ABOVE- AND BELOWGROUND POPULATIONS AND PROCESSES;78
10.2;3.2 RHIZOSPHERE MICROFAUNA – DIRECT EFFECTS ON CARBON AND NITROGEN FLOWS;79
10.3;3.3 RHIZOSPHERE MICROFAUNA – INDIRECT EFFECTS ON PLANT GROWTH;81
10.4;3.4 RHIZOSPHERE MICROFAUNA – INTERACTIONS WITH MYCORRHIZAL AND OTHER SYMBIONTS;84
10.5;3.5 PLANT RESPONSE TO ABOVE- AND BELOWGROUND HERBIVORY;87
10.6;3.6 CONCLUSIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH;88
10.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;88
10.8;REFERENCES;89
11;Chapter 4 Mycorrhizas: Symbiotic Mediators of Rhizosphere and Ecosystem Processes;94
11.1;4.1 INTRODUCTION;94
11.2;4.2 CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF MYCORRHIZAS;95
11.3;4.3 MYCORRHIZAS AS NUTRITIONAL MUTUALISMS;99
11.4;4.4 COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS;102
11.5;4.5 ECOSYSTEM INTERACTIONS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY;106
11.6;4.6 MYCORRHIZAL FUNCTION IN A CHANGING WORLD;109
11.7;4.7 DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH;115
11.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;117
11.9;REFERENCES;117
12;Chapter 5 Soil Rhizosphere Food Webs, Their Stability, and Implications for Soil Processes in Ecosystems;122
12.1;5.1 INTRODUCTION;122
12.2;5.2 THE STRATEGY UNDERLYING MATHEMATICALLY CAPTURING THE ESSENCE OF RHIZOSPHERE FUNCTION;123
12.3;5.3 RESOURCE FLOW IN THE RHIZOSPHERE;124
12.4;5.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;140
12.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;142
12.6;REFERENCES;142
13;Chapter 6 Understanding and Managing the Rhizosphere in Agroecosystems;148
13.1;6.1 INTRODUCTION;148
13.2;6.2 INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE: DELIBERATE AND INADVERTENT CONSEQUENCES FOR THE RHIZOSPHERE;149
13.3;6.3 RHIZOSPHERE PROCESSES AND AGROECOSYSTEM FUNCTION;154
13.4;6.4 THE FUTURE OF THE RHIZOSPHERE IN ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE;166
13.5;CONCLUSIONS;169
13.6;REFERENCES;169
14;Chapter 7 The Contribution of Root – Rhizosphere Interactions to Biogeochemical Cycles in a Changing World;176
14.1;7.1 INTRODUCTION;176
14.2;7.2 A CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW OF RHIZOSPHERE PROCESSES IN BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES;178
14.3;7.3 EXAMPLES OF ECOSYSTEM FEEDBACK;186
14.4;7.4 SUMMARY: CASCADING CONSEQUENCES OF ALTERED PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY;194
14.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;195
14.6;REFERENCES;195
15;Chapter 8 The Rhizosphere and Soil Formation;200
15.1;8.1 INTRODUCTION;200
15.2;8.2 A REVIEW OF CONCEPTS;201
15.3;8.3 RHIZOSPHERES: WHERE ECOSYSTEMS CONCENTRATE BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS WITH SOIL MINERALS;207
15.4;8.4 OVERVIEW OF THE RHIZOSPHERE’S WEATHERING ATTACK;217
15.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;219
15.6;REFERENCES;219
16;Index;222
17;Color Plates;234