Chagas Disease

Part A
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-12-385864-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 75, 390 Seiten

Reihe: Advances in Parasitology

This thematic volume provides authoritative, up-to-date reviews addressing recent advances as well as an overview for the research and clinical communities on the endemic infection of Chagas disease. Lead researchers discuss epidemiology and control measures as well as various diagnosis techniques, treatments, and therapies currently being used. The text includes a history of Chagas disease and an outlook for the next century. - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field - Contributions from leading authorities and industry experts

Autoren/Hrsg.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Chagas Disease, Part A;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Contents of Volume 75;6
5;Contributors of Volume 75;16
6;Preface;22
7;Chapter 1: Epidemiology of American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease);28
7.1;1.1 Historical Background;29
7.2;1.2 Mechanisms of Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi;30
7.3;1.3 Epizootiology of Trypanosoma cruzi;34
7.4;1.4 Epidemiology of Human Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in the Endemic Countries;34
7.5;1.5 Epidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in the United States;37
7.6;1.6 Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Non-Endemic Countries Other than the United States;40
7.7;1.7 Perspectives on the Control of Chagas Disease;41
7.8;References;41
8;Chapter 2: Acute and Congenital Chagas Disease;46
8.1;2.1 Introduction;47
8.2;2.2 Acute Phase;48
8.3;2.3 Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects of Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi Infection;51
8.4;2.4 Antitrypanosomal Drug Treatment;54
8.5;2.5 Epidemiology of Congenital Chagas Disease;57
8.6;2.6 Approaches to the Control of Congenital Chagas Disease;64
8.7;2.7 Conclusions;66
8.8;References;66
9;Chapter 3: Cell-Based Therapy in Chagas Disease;76
9.1;3.1 Introduction;77
9.2;3.2 Cell Therapy in Cardiac Diseases;78
9.3;3.3 Cell Therapy in Chagas Disease;80
9.4;3.4 Clinical Trials;82
9.5;3.5 Future Perspectives for Cell-Based Therapies in Chagas Disease;84
9.6;References;87
10;Chapter 4: Targeting Trypanosoma cruzi Sterol 14a-Demethylase (CYP51);92
10.1;4.1 Introduction;93
10.2;4.2 Sterol Biosynthesis;94
10.3;4.3 Potential Drug Targets in the Pathway;96
10.4;4.4 Trypanosoma cruzi Sterol 14a-Demethylase (CYP51);97
10.5;4.5 Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi CYP51;100
10.6;4.6 Structural Basis for CYP51 Druggability;103
10.7;4.7 Anti-Parasitic Effects of CYP51 Inhibition in Trypanosoma cruzi;108
10.8;Acknowledgements;111
10.9;References;111
11;Chapter 5: Experimental Chemotherapy and Approaches to Drug Discovery for Trypanosoma cruzi Infection;116
11.1;5.1 Introduction;117
11.2;5.2 Compound Selection;120
11.3;5.3 In Vitro Efficacy Testing;123
11.4;5.4 Toxicity Testing;130
11.5;5.5 In Vivo Efficacy Testing;132
11.6;5.6 Testing for Drug-Like Properties and Safety;135
11.7;5.7 Advances in Experimental Chemotherapy for Trypanosoma cruzi Infection;138
11.8;5.8 Conclusions;139
11.9;Acknowledgements;139
11.10;References;139
12;Chapter 6: Vaccine Development Against Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas Disease;148
12.1;6.1 Vector, Parasite and Disease Burden;149
12.2;6.2 Treatment;150
12.3;6.3 A Case for Vaccine Development Against Trypanosoma cruzi;150
12.4;6.4 Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi;152
12.5;6.5 Vaccine Development Against Trypanosoma cruzi;153
12.6;6.6 Future Prospects;165
12.7;Acknowledgements;166
12.8;References;166
13;Chapter 7: Genetic Epidemiology of Chagas Disease;174
13.1;7.1 Introduction;175
13.2;7.2 Genetic Epidemiological Approaches to Chagas Disease;177
13.3;7.3 Exploring the Genetic Architecture of Chagas disease;182
13.4;7.4 Mapping the Future of Genetic Epidemiological Studies of Chagas Disease;189
13.5;Acknowledgements;189
13.6;References;189
14;Chapter 8: Kissing Bugs. The Vectors of Chagas;196
14.1;8.1 Introduction;197
14.2;8.2 Vector Genera and Species;198
14.3;8.3 Evolution of the Triatomines;201
14.4;8.4 Biology of the Bugs;204
14.5;8.5 Urbanization of the Bugs;206
14.6;8.6 Control of Vectors;207
14.7;8.7 Non-Infectious Consequences of Atriatomine Bite;210
14.8;8.8. Conclusion;212
14.9;Acknowledgement;213
14.10;References;213
15;Chapter 9: Advances in Imaging of Animal Models of Chagas Disease;220
15.1;9.1 Introduction;221
15.2;9.2 Larger Animal Models;223
15.3;9.3 Mouse Models;224
15.4;9.4 Future Directions: Multimodality Imaging Approaches;231
15.5;Acknowledgements;231
15.6;References;232
16;Chapter 10: The Genome and Its Implications;236
16.1;10.1 Genome Organization, Gene Content and Gene Expression Mechanisms;237
16.2;10.2 Comparative Genome Analyses;242
16.3;10.3 Antigen Discovery and Identification of Other Parasite Molecules Involved in Host-Parasite Interactions;244
16.4;10.4 Manipulating the Trypanosoma cruzi Genome and the Perspectives of Developing New Tools for the Study of Chagas Disease..;248
16.5;References;252
17;Chapter 11: Genetic Techniques in Trypanosoma cruzi;258
17.1;11.1 Introduction;259
17.2;11.2 Genetic Tools Applicable to Trypanosoma cruzi;259
17.3;11.3 The use of Genetic Techniques to Investigate Trypanosoma cruzi Oxidative Defence and Drug-Resistance Mechanisms...;269
17.4;11.4 Concluding Remarks;273
17.5;Acknowledgements;274
17.6;References;274
18;Chapter 12: Nuclear Structure of Trypanosoma cruzi;278
18.1;12.1 General Aspects of Nuclear Organization in Eukaryotic Cells;279
18.2;12.2 The Nucleus of Trypanosoma cruzi;283
18.3;12.3 The Nucleus Under Stress;300
18.4;12.4 Conclusion and Perspectives;302
18.5;Acknowledgements;305
18.6;References;305
19;Chapter 13: Aspects of Trypanosoma cruzi Stage Differentiation;312
19.1;13.1 Introduction;313
19.2;13.2 Trypanosoma cruzi Differentiation;313
19.3;13.3 Stage-Specific Antigens;316
19.4;13.4 Proteinases and Differentiation;320
19.5;13.5 Stage-Specific Gene Expression;321
19.6;13.6 Conclusion;323
19.7;References;323
20;Chapter 14: The Role of Acidocalcisomes in the Stress Response of Trypanosoma cruzi;334
20.1;14.1 Introduction;335
20.2;14.2 Acidocalcisomes in Trypanosoma cruzi;336
20.3;14.3 Volume Regulation;339
20.4;14.4 The Contractile Vacuole Complex;340
20.5;14.5 Acidocalcisomes and the CVC;341
20.6;14.6 Signalling Pathways Involved in Volume Regulation;342
20.7;14.7 Drug Targeting of the Volume-Regulatory Pathway;343
20.8;14.8 Model for Volume Regulation;344
20.9;14.9 Poly P, Stress Response and Virulence;346
20.10;14.10 Conclusions;347
20.11;Acknowledgements;347
20.12;References;347
21;Chapter 15: Signal Transduction in Trypanosoma cruzi;352
21.1;15.1 Introduction;353
21.2;15.2 cAMP-Dependent Pathway in Trypanosoma cruzi;354
21.3;15.3 MAPK Pathways in Trypanosoma cruzi;359
21.4;15.4 Protein Phosphatases in Trypanosoma cruzi;363
21.5;15.5 Protein kinases and Protein Phosphatases as Drug Target in Trypanosoma cruzi;365
21.6;15.6 Concluding Remarks;366
21.7;Acknowledgements;366
21.8;References;366
22;Index;372
23;Contents of Volumes in this Series;380
24;Color Plates;392