Cooke / Johnson Trends in Geography

An Introductory Survey
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3934-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 300 Seiten, Web PDF

Trends in Geography: An Introductory Survey reviews trends in geography, including physical geography, human geography, and applied geography. Topics covered include progress in geomorphology, meteorology, climatology, hydrology, historical geography, transport geography, and industrial geography, along with the geography of rural settlements and the ecology of agricultural systems. The importance of geography in area studies is also discussed. This book is comprised of 26 chapters and begins by tracing developments in the field of geography, followed by a discussion on the study of soils in geography and the economic geography of agriculture. The following chapters explore the diversity of urban geography; the role of geography in physical planning and economic planning; planning studies in rural areas; and geographical research on local government. A cultural and historical perspective in area studies is presented by citing the case of Latin America. The final chapter is devoted to geographical studies of developing areas, focusing on the case of tropical Africa. This monograph will be of interest to teachers, students, and practitioners of geography.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cooke, Ronald U.

Johnson, James H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Trends in Geography: An Introductory Survey;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;10
6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;12
7;INTRODUCTORY;14
8;CHAPTER 1. THE COURSE OF GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE;16
8.1;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;22
9;PART I: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY;24
9.1;CHAPTER 2. PROGRESS IN GEOMORPHOLOGY;26
9.1.1;INTRODUCTION;26
9.1.2;THE STUDY OF FORM;27
9.1.3;THE STUDY OF PROCESS;31
9.1.4;EXPLANATION OF LANDFORMS;32
9.1.5;CONCLUSION;36
9.1.6;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;37
9.2;CHAPTER 3. RECENT ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO SCHOOLS;40
9.2.1;THE STATUS OF METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY;40
9.2.2;A SUGGESTED SIXTH-FORM SYLLABUS;43
9.2.3;CONCLUSION;47
9.2.4;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;48
9.3;CHAPTER 4. THE ECOSYSTEM AND THE COMMUNITY IN BIOGEOGRAPHY;49
9.3.1;INTRODUCTION;49
9.3.2;MAN IN THE ECOSYSTEM;53
9.3.3;COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS;54
9.3.4;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;56
9.4;CHAPTER 5. THE STUDY OF SOILS IN GEOGRAPHY;58
9.4.1;INTRODUCTION;58
9.4.2;THE SOIL AND ITS ENVIRONMENT;58
9.4.3;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;68
9.5;CHAPTER 6. PROGRESS IN HYDROLOGY;71
9.5.1;THE SCOPE OF HYDROLOGY;71
9.5.2;HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT;71
9.5.3;ADVANCES IN INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA HANDLING;74
9.5.4;SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY;75
9.5.5;GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY;76
9.5.6;CATCHMENT STUDIES;77
9.5.7;FUTURE TRENDS;79
9.5.8;EDUCATION AND TRAINING;80
9.5.9;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;81
9.6;CHAPTER 7. THE TEACHING OF FIELDWORK AND THE INTEGRATION OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY;83
9.6.1;INTRODUCTION;83
9.6.2;"LOOK AND SEE" FIELDWORK;84
9.6.3;FIELDWORK PROJECTS;85
9.6.4;THE INTEGRATION OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY;89
9.6.5;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;91
10;PART II. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY;92
10.1;CHAPTER 8. QUANTIFICATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY;94
10.1.1;THE SEARCH FOR ORDER AND THEORY IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY;94
10.1.2;SPATIAL ANALYSIS AS A FOCUS FOR HUMAN GEOGRAPHY;96
10.1.3;THE RÔLE OF QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN TESTING THEORY;98
10.1.4;CONCLUSION;100
10.1.5;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;101
10.2;CHAPTER 9. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY;103
10.2.1;RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN POPULATION GEOGRAPHY;103
10.2.2;SOME ISSUES IN POPULATION GEOGRAPHY;105
10.2.3;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;113
10.3;CHAPTER 10. EARLY MAN AND ENVIRONMENT;115
10.3.1;MAN AND NATURE;115
10.3.2;DATING THE LANDSCAPE;117
10.3.3;ENVIRONMENTS, LOCAL AND REGIONAL;119
10.3.4;RATES OF EROSION AND DEPOSITION;119
10.3.5;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;120
10.4;CHAPTER 11. PROGRESS IN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY;123
10.4.1;PAST GEOGRAPHIES;123
10.4.2;GEOGRAPHICAL CHANGE;124
10.4.3;THE PAST IN THE PRESENT;126
10.4.4;PERCEPTION OF THE PAST;127
10.4.5;MODELS IN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY;129
10.4.6;THE GREAT LIBERATION;131
10.4.7;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;131
10.5;CHAPTER 12. THE GEOGRAPHY OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS;136
10.5.1;APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS;136
10.5.2;RURAL SETTLEMENT STRUCTURES;137
10.5.3;RURAL SETTLEMENT ORIGINS;138
10.5.4;RURAL SETTLEMENT FUNCTIONS;140
10.5.5;CONCLUSION;142
10.5.6;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;143
10.6;CHAPTER 13. THE ECOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS;146
10.6.1;AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY IN RETROSPECT;146
10.6.2;ECOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY;147
10.6.3;TWO CASE STUDIES: SEED-CULTURE AND VEGECULTURE IN THE AMERICAN TROPICS;152
10.6.4;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;154
10.7;CHAPTER 14. THE ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE;156
10.7.1;THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC RENT;156
10.7.2;THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF LAND USE;157
10.7.3;THE ANALYSIS OF FARMS;158
10.7.4;LAND, LABOUR, AND CAPITAL;160
10.7.5;CONCLUSION;163
10.7.6;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;163
10.8;CHAPTER 15. NEW RESOURCE EVALUATIONS;166
10.8.1;RESOURCE EVALUATION AND THE GEOGRAPHER;166
10.8.2;THE COMPLEXITY OF RESOURCE APPRAISAL;167
10.8.3;A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO RESOURCE EVALUATION;172
10.8.4;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;175
10.9;CHAPTER 16. PROGRESS IN TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY;177
10.9.1;TRANSPORT NETWORKS AND GRAPH THEORY: AN EXAMPLE;177
10.9.2;TRANSPORT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;180
10.9.3;PROGRESS IN THE STUDY OF TRANSPORT MODES ;182
10.9.4;CONCLUSION;184
10.9.5;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;184
10.10;CHAPTER 17. PROGRESS IN INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY;186
10.10.1;LOCATION THEORY AND THE CONCEPT OF OPTIMUM LOCATION;186
10.10.2;THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COST AND PRICE;188
10.10.3;TESTING LOCATION THEORY;189
10.10.4;EMPIRICAL STUDIES;191
10.10.5;THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENTERPRISE;192
10.10.6;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;194
10.10.7;CHAPTER 18. THE DIVERSITY OF URBAN GEOGRAPHY;197
10.10.8;THE STUDY OF URBAN MORPHOLOGY;197
10.10.9;URBAN LAND-USE REGIONS;199
10.10.10;THE HUMAN ECOLOGY OF CITIES;201
10.10.11;CITIES AS CENTRAL PLACES;204
10.10.12;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;206
11;PART III: APPLIED GEOGRAPHY;210
11.1;CHAPTER 19. GEOGRAPHY AND PHYSICAL PLANNING;212
11.1.1;THE RÔLE OF APPLIED GEOGRAPHY;212
11.1.2;CONCEPTUAL CONTRIBUTIONS;214
11.1.3;TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTIONS;215
11.1.4;FACTUAL AND ANALYTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS;217
11.1.5;CONTRIBUTIONS TO GOVERNMENTAL WORK;218
11.1.6;PEDAGOGIC CONTRIBUTIONS;219
11.1.7;CONCLUSION;220
11.1.8;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;220
11.2;CHAPTER 20. GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMIC PLANNING;223
11.2.1;THE RÔLE OF PLANNING IN MODERN SOCIETY;223
11.2.2;THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANNING FOR GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES;225
11.2.3;THE SPATIAL DIMENSION IN ECONOMIC PLANNING;226
11.2.4;STAGES OF ECONOMIC AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT;227
11.2.5;THE REGION AND PLANNING;229
11.2.6;CONCLUSION;231
11.2.7;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;232
11.3;CHAPTER 21. PLANNING STUDIES IN RURAL AREAS;235
11.3.1;INTRODUCTION;235
11.3.2;FIELD AND FARM CONSOLIDATION;236
11.3.3;SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND SERVICE PROVISION;238
11.3.4;INTEGRATED PLANNING IN THE COUNTRYSIDE;241
11.3.5;CONCLUSION;243
11.3.6;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;243
11.4;CHAPTER 22. GEOGRAPHY AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM;246
11.4.1;THE FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT;246
11.4.2;THE CHOICE OF CRITERIA FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM;247
11.4.3;THE RÔLE OF RESEARCH;247
11.4.4;GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT;249
11.4.5;PROPOSALS BY GEOGRAPHERS FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM;250
11.4.6;OTHER PROPOSALS FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM;251
11.4.7;CONTEMPORARY OPINION;252
11.4.8;CONCLUSION;254
11.4.9;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;254
12;PART IV: AREA STUDIES
;258
12.1;CHAPTER 23. GEOGRAPHY AND AREA STUDIES;260
12.2;CHAPTER 24. CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE IN AREA STUDIES: THE CASE OF LATIN AMERICA;266
12.2.1;PEOPLES AND PLACES;266
12.2.2;DESCRIPTION AND EXPLANATION: THE CONTINENT IN TEXTBOOKS;268
12.2.3;TRADITIONAL LATIN AMERICA;270
12.2.4;TRANSITIONAL LATIN AMERICA;271
12.2.5;THE LITERATURE OF LAND AND LIFE;273
12.2.6;THE MESSAGE OF MUSIC;275
12.2.7;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;277
12.3;CHAPTER 25. LIFTING THE IRON CURTAIN;281
12.3.1;THE GROWING AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION;281
12.3.2;MATERIAL ON THE SOVIET UNION;282
12.3.3;THE STATE AS A GEOGRAPHICAL FACTOR;285
12.3.4;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;287
12.4;CHAPTER 26. GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES OF DEVELOPING AREAS: THE CASE OF TROPICAL AFRICA;288
12.4.1;CONCERN WITH TROPICAL AFRICA;288
12.4.2;NEW APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF TROPICAL AFRICA;288
12.4.3;PROBLEM ORIENTATION;291
12.4.4;CONCLUSION;293
12.4.5;REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING;293
13;INDEX;298