E-Book, Englisch, 222 Seiten
De Leo / Poštuvan / Postuvan Reducing the Toll of Suicide
2020
ISBN: 978-1-61676-569-9
Verlag: Hogrefe Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Resources for Communities, Groups, and Individuals
E-Book, Englisch, 222 Seiten
ISBN: 978-1-61676-569-9
Verlag: Hogrefe Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
This is the second book based on the TRIPLE i in Suicidology international conferences, which are organised annually by the Slovene Center for Suicide Research in memory of the late Prof. Andrej Marušic with the aim of promoting intuition, imagination and innovation in the research and prevention of suicide and suicidal behaviour. The carefully selected chapters provide food for thought to practitioners, researchers, students and all those who come into contact with the tragedy of suicide, with the hope of stimulating new ideas and interventions in the difficult fight against suicidal behaviours.
In five parts, the internationally renowned team of authors summarises the research looking at understanding individuals (assessing risk in older adults and psychotherapy with suicidal patients), understanding the groups at risk of suicide (including people in prison, men, and people with mood disorders), understanding the role of community
(including the Papageno effect and technology-based and collaborative approaches to prevention), models of understanding suicide (including the integrate motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour and the hot air balloon model for postvention with those bereaved by suicide) and understanding the unique ethical and methodological
issues associated with research in this field.
Zielgruppe
Clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, counselors,
researchers, and students.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Table of Contents, Foreword and Preface;6
2;Chapter 1: Assessing Suicide Risk in Older Adults;14
3;Chapter 2: Psychotherapy With Suicidal Patients;38
4;Chapter 3: Long-Term Perspectives on Suicide Risk of Youth;50
5;Chapter 4: The Continuing Problem of Suicide in Prisons;76
6;Chapter 5: Understanding Male Suicide;86
7;Chapter 6: Predicting Suicidal Behaviour in Patients With Mood Disorders;106
8;Chapter 7: Papageno Effect;124
9;Chapter 8: Ethical Guidelines for Technology-Based Suicide Prevention Programmes;134
10;Chapter 9: Community Intervention;154
11;Chapter 10: Community Responses and Reactions to Bereaved;166
12;Chapter 11: Status of the Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour;180
13;Chapter 12: Understanding Suicide From Survivors’ Perspective – Psychological Autopsy Outcomes;196
14;Chapter 13: What Is Different About Suicidology?;216
15;Contributors;228
Chapter 3 Long-Term Perspectives on Suicide Risk of Youth
Lessons and Illustrations From Longitudinal Studies
David C. R. Kerr
School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Oregon Social Learning Center, Eugene, OR, USA
Introduction
In the United States and many other countries, suicide is a leading cause of death among young people. Too many other adolescents and young adults also fall to homicides and accidents, the other leading causes of death in this age group. There are several important themes that are common to these premature deaths. First, all three causes are much more common among males; specifically, in the United States in 2016 approximately four times as many males as females died by suicide and homicide, and males also are much more likely to die by unintentional injury (National Center for Health Statistics, 2018). Thus, additional attention to risk factors and processes for young males is needed.
Second, similar psychological states, traits and pathologies can increase risk for these different kinds of deaths. Such characteristics may play long-term roles in leading up to the events that result in death – for example, the behaviours and lifestyles of highly impulsive sensation-seeking individuals may put them at elevated risk for physically, psychologically or interpersonally dangerous experiences (e.g. arrest, violence, injury, relationship loss). Some of these characteristics also play critical proximal roles during the final moments of a crisis. For example, substance abuse contributes to impulsivity and poor judgement that can escalate or facilitate self- or other-directed violence, and substance intoxication is to blame for many accidental deaths – the chief causes of which are motor vehicle collisions and drug overdoses. Thus, identification and prevention of common causes of premature death are needed.
Third, suicide and homicide, in particular, often involve firearms (National Center for Health Statistics, 2018), which unlike other causes of death (e.g. pills) are so instantly lethal that they leave little room for the protective powers of ambivalence, regret or heroism: A man who begins to take his life this way cannot change his mind; a perpetrator cannot hesitate between violence and murder; and a friend, family member or physician cannot interrupt, resuscitate or rescue. Guns are not a focus of this chapter, but these deaths are a significant intractable problem in the United States. Gender differences also are acute here: Far more males than females die by gunshot and, when a woman is murdered, a man is far more likely to have been the murderer (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2016).
Finally, all three of these leading causes of death are, in theory, wholly preventable. Thus, technological (e.g. airbags, medication blister packs, gun locks), policy (e.g. speed limits, driving under the influence laws), and health-care (e.g. dialectical behaviour therapy) innovations can save lives.
The prevention of death is the ultimate focus of suicidologists. However, suicidal thoughts and behaviours are, of course, far more prevalent than suicide and also can be physically and emotionally destructive and traumatic for the suicidal individual and those around them. Thus, it is worthwhile to consider suicidal thoughts and behaviour not only as indicators of risk for death but as public health targets in their own right. That is, preventing thoughts of suicide and self-injurious acts not only can help prevent death but also can reduce suffering and enhance life. This chapter focusses on findings from several studies of young people. The studies are not unusually large. What is unusual and valuable about them is their length (all are very long-term longitudinal designs) and their focus. That is, none of the studies were initiated by investigators who were particularly interested in examining suicide. Yet, all of the studies considered people or processes that are highly relevant to understanding and preventing suicide. First, the Oregon Youth Study (OYS; n = 206) started with recruitment of boys from entire fourth-grade (ages 9–10 years) classes of schools in neighbourhoods with relatively high levels of juvenile delinquency for the area (Capaldi & Patterson, 1989); OYS staff then assessed the boys nearly annually for over three decades to understand family and neighbourhood influences on crime and substance use. Two additional longitudinal studies of these men were also launched and ran concurrently with the OYS during the men’s adult years. In the OYS–Couples Study, researchers recruited the men’s romantic partners and considered their intimate relationships and partner violence. Later, OYS men’s offspring were recruited to a second longitudinal study of intergenerational transmission of substance abuse risks; the OYS–Three Generational Study is now two decades long.
