De / Mondal / Banerjee Stevioside

Technology, Applications and Health
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-118-35069-0
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 240 Seiten, E-Book

Stevioside is one of the naturally occurring sweeteners,belonging to the diterpene glycoside family, which can be widelyapplied in food, drinks, medicine and consumer chemicals. It is agood dietary supplement, being non-calorific, thermally stable,non-toxic, with a sugar-like taste profile, and suitable fordiabetics, phenylketonuria patients and the obese. It is alsonon-fermentable, and exhibits anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant andanti-hyperglycemic properties. Stevioside tastes about 300 timessweeter than 0.4% sucrose solution. Thus, it offers a reasonablyrare combination of health benefits and taste benefits, making theextraction of stevioside is an area of active research for the foodindustry as well as academic food scientists.With the rapidincrease in the popularity of stevioside as a sugar substitute,particularly with regard to its associated health benefits, thereis a need for more efficient and feasible extraction processes forstevioside in the near future.
This book offers an in-depth look at perhaps the major"sugar alternative of the future", up-to-date and inline with the latest global legislation regarding its suitabilityfor consumption and its scope for application.

Autoren/Hrsg.

De, Sirshendu

Mondal, Sourav

Banerjee, Suvrajit

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Authors' biographies vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
List of figures xiii
List of tables xvii
1 Introduction to stevioside 1
1.1 History of Stevia 3
1.2 Composition of Stevia 6
1.3 Source of stevioside 10
1.4 Physicochemical and biological properties of steviolglycosides 13
1.5 Analysis of stevioside (steviol glycosides) and Steviaextract 18
2 Health benefits and pharmacological effects of steviolglycosides 27
2.1 Effect of stevioside in absorption, distribution, metabolismand excretion 27
2.2 Antihyperglycaemic effect 29
2.3 Antihypertensive effect 31
2.4 Anti-inflammatory effect 32
2.5 Anticarcinogenic antitumour effects 33
2.6 Antioxidant activity 34
2.7 Antimicrobial and antidiarrhoeal effects 34
2.8 Effect on renal function 35
3 Applications of stevioside 45
4 Conventional extraction processes of stevioside 51
4.1 Ion exchange 51
4.2 Solvent extraction 53
4.3 Extraction by chelating agents 54
4.4 Adsorption and chromatographic separation 56
4.5 Ultrasonic extraction 59
4.6 Microwave-assisted extraction 59
4.7 Supercritical fluid extraction 60
5 Brief introduction to pressure-driven membrane-basedprocesses 65
5.1 Advantages of the membrane-based process 66
5.2 Classification of the processes 66
5.3 Characterisation of membranes 67
5.4 Membrane modules 70
5.5 Limitations 73
5.6 Quantification of concentration polarisation 74
5.7 Applications of membrane-based processes 79
6 State of the art of stevioside processing usingmembrane-based filtration 91
6.1 Clarification and purification 92
6.2 Concentration by nanofiltration 95
6.3 Limitations 97
7 Detailed membrane-based technologies for extraction ofstevioside 99
7.1 Outline of processing 99
7.2 Optimisation of water extraction process 99
7.3 Optimisation of primary clarification (centrifuge ormicrofiltration) 109
7.4 Selection of membrane 122
7.5 Optimisation of operating conditions 124
7.6 Mechanism of flux decline 130
7.7 Ultrafiltration of primary clarified Stevia extract 141
7.8 Concentration by nanofiltration 155
8 Performance modelling of stevioside separation usingmembrane processing 161
8.1 Modelling of stirred ultrafiltration 162
8.2 Modelling of cross-flow ultrafiltration 174
8.3 Steady state 180
8.4 Transient state 180
9 Enhancement of stevioside recovery by diafiltration195
9.1 Multiple stage diafiltration 197
10 Economics of the process 209
Index 215
A colour plate section falls between pages 12 and 13

Über Autor(innen)

Sirshendu De is a professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
Sourav Mondal is a researcher in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
Suvrajit Banerjee was Master of Technology in 2012 at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.