Dick How to Improve Rubber Compounds

1800 Experimental Ideas for Problem Solving
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-56990-534-0
Verlag: Hanser Publications
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 422 Seiten

Rubber compounding is a very complex endeavor. There are many interactions and many ways to achieve the target properties and economic goals while maintaining an acceptable trade-off for these characteristics. This book is dedicated to providing the reader with various experimental ideas which may guide him or her to developing better compounds and solving technical problems.

In a combined effort, 18 renowned industrial experts compiled a large number of diverse experimental suggestions for enhancing a specific compound property. By reviewing the suggestions in this book, the compounder may develop a better "feel" for how to best achieve a compromise or trade-off with compound properties when developing new or improving tested rubber recipes.

Contents:

- Introduction

- Optimizing Cured Physical Properties

- Improving Degradation Resistance for Cured Rubber Compounds

- Optimizing Measurable Processability Properties

- Minimizing Adverse Processing Attributes

- How to Obtain Better Property Trade-Offs

- Compatibility for Blends of Elastomers as Part of Vulcanizable Compounds

- Typical Cure Packages for Compounds Based on Different Elastomer Base

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dick, John S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Disclaimer;6
2;Preface;8
3;Contents;10
4;1Introduction;16
4.1;1.1 Complexity of Compound Ingredient Selection;16
4.2;1.2 Industrial Complexity;18
4.3;1.3 Complexity of Ingredient Property Relationships;18
4.4;1.4 Experimental Ideas;21
4.5;1.5 Sources of Ideas;22
4.6;1.6 Review Panel;23
5;2Improving the Physical Properties of Cured Rubber Compounds;24
5.1;2.1 Increasing Tensile Strength;24
5.2;2.2 Increasing High-Temperature Tensile Strength;38
5.3;2.3 Increasing Ultimate Tensile Elongation;40
5.4;2.4 Increasing Hardness and Modulus;45
5.5;2.5 Reducing Set, Under Compression and/or Tension;58
5.6;2.6 Increasing Rebound and Decreasing Hysteresis;67
5.7;2.7 Increasing Tear Resistance;84
5.8;2.8 Increasing Hot Tear Resistance;94
5.9;2.9 Improving Low-Temperature Properties;98
5.10;2.10 Increasing Electrical Conductivity;105
5.11;2.11 Increasing Thermal Conductivity;113
5.12;2.12 Decreasing Coefficient of Friction;116
5.13;2.13 Decreasing Air Permeability;117
5.14;2.14 Increasing Rubber-to-Metal Adhesion;120
5.15;2.15 Improving Rubber-to-Fabric Adhesion;125
5.16;2.16 Improving Flame Retardance;126
5.17;2.17 Reducing Compound Cost;130
6;3Improving Degradation Resistance of Cured Rubber Compounds;140
6.1;3.1 Improving Hot Air and/or Heat Aging Resistance;140
6.2;3.2 Improving Ozone Resistance;159
6.3;3.3 Improving Flex Fatigue Resistance and/or Cutting and Chipping Resistance;168
6.4;3.4 Improving Abrasion and/or Wear Resistance;185
6.5;3.5 Improving Oil and/or Solvent Resistance;198
6.6;3.6 Improving Staining and Discoloration Resistance;207
6.7;3.7 Improving Weathering Resistance;209
6.8;3.8 Improving Hydrolysis Resistance;211
7;4Optimizing Measurable Processability Properties;212
7.1;4.1 Reducing Viscosity;212
7.2;4.2 Increasing Shear Thinning;218
7.3;4.3 Reducing Elasticity (Nerve);220
7.4;4.4 Increasing Tack;222
7.5;4.5 Reducing Stickiness to Metal Surfaces;227
7.6;4.6 Increasing Percent Dispersion of Carbon Black and Fillers;229
7.7;4.7 Increasing Green Strength;237
7.8;4.8 Increasing Scorch Safety Time;243
7.9;4.9 Increasing Cure Rate;254
7.10;4.10 Reducing Reversion;262
7.11;4.11 Reducing Marching Modulus;268
7.12;4.12 Reducing Cold Flow;269
8;5Minimizing Adverse Processing Attributes;270
8.1;5.1 Reducing or Eliminating Porosity, Bubbles, or Voids in Both the Uncured and the Cured State;270
8.2;5.2 Mixing: Reducing Filler or Black Incorporation Times (BITs);277
8.3;5.3 Mixing: Decrease Total Mixing Time;279
8.4;5.4 Mixing: Reducing or Eliminating Lumps in Dumped Batches;283
8.5;5.5 Mixing: Reducing Bagging on the Mill;284
8.6;5.6 Mixing: Reducing Back Rolling on the Mill;285
8.7;5.7 Extrusion: Reducing Die Swell (Improving Dimensional Stability);286
8.8;5.8 Extrusion: Improving Smoothness of the Extrudate Surface;291
8.9;5.9 Extrusion: Increasing Extrusion Rate Without Loss of Quality;296
8.10;5.10 Calendering: Eliminating Blisters;302
8.11;5.11 Calendering: Improving Calender Release;304
8.12;5.12 Raw Material and Mixed Stock Bin Storage: Lengthening Useful Shelf Life;305
8.13;5.13 Mixed Stock Bin Storage: Reducing Bloom;306
8.14;5.14 Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Improving Mold Release;310
8.15;5.15 Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Reducing or Eliminating Mold Fouling;312
8.16;5.16 Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Improving Mold Flow;316
8.17;5.17 Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Reducing Shrinkage of Part;318
8.18;5.18 Compression/Transfer/Injection Molding: Improving Surface Appearance;321
8.19;5.19 Increasing the Blow Rate During the Curing of a Sponge Compound;322
8.20;5.20 Eliminating Trapped Air During Molding;325
8.21;5.21 Reducing Backrinding;326
9;6Tire Performance Properties;328
9.1;6.1 Improving Tire Wet Traction;328
9.2;6.2 Improving Tire Dry Traction;336
9.3;6.3 Improving Tire Winter Traction or Ice Traction;338
9.4;6.4 Improving Tire Rolling Resistance;340
10;Appendix.1: Blends;350
10.1;A.1 Introduction;350
10.2;A.1.1 SBR/NR Blends;353
10.3;A.1.2 SBR/IR Blends;356
10.4;A.1.3 SBR/BR Blends;356
10.5;A.1.4 NR/BR Blend;358
10.6;A.1.5 NR/IR Blends;360
10.7;A.1.6 NR/CIIR Blends;360
10.8;A.1.7 NR/BIIR Blends;361
10.9;A.1.8 NR/BIMS Blends;361
10.10;A.1.9 NR/IIR Blends;362
10.11;A.1.10 CR/IIR Blends;362
10.12;A.1.11 NBR/SBR Blends;362
10.13;A.1.12 NBR/PVC Blends;363
10.14;A.1.13 XNBR/PVC Blend;364
10.15;A.1.14 NBR/IR Blends;364
10.16;A.1.15 NBR/BR Blends;365
10.17;A.1.16 NBR/NR Blends;365
10.18;A.1.17 EPDM/SBR Blends;365
10.19;A.1.18 EPDM/CR Blends;366
10.20;A.1.19 EPDM/IR Blends;366
10.21;A.1.20 EPDM/NR Blends;366
10.22;A.1.21 EPDM/CSM Blends;366
10.23;A.1.22 EPDM/Silicone Compatibilized;367
10.24;A.1.23 EPDM/LDPE Blend;367
10.25;A.1.24 EPDM/EVA Blend;367
10.26;A.1.25 CR/SBR Blends;367
10.27;A.1.26 CR/BR Blends;368
10.28;A.1.27 CSM/BR Blends;368
10.29;A.1.28 CR/Hydrin Blends;369
10.30;A.1.29 NBR/FA Polysulfide Rubber;369
10.31;A.1.30 Triblends;369
10.31.1;A.1.30.1 NR/SBR/BR Blends;369
10.31.2;A.1.30.2 BR/SBR/IR Blends;370
10.31.3;A.1.30.3 NR/IR/SBR Blends;370
10.31.4;A.1.30.4 NR/EPDM/BIIR Blends;371
10.31.5;A.1.30.5 NR/EPDM/CIIR Blends;371
10.31.6;A.1.30.6 NR/CR/CSM Blends;371
10.31.7;A.1.30.7 NBR/PVC/SBR Blends;371
10.31.8;A.1.30.8 XNBR/PVC/NBR Blends;372
10.31.9;A.1.30.9 XNBR/PVC/BR Blends;372
10.31.10;A.1.30.10 XNBR/NBR/BR Blends;372
10.31.11;A.1.30.11 NBR/SBR/BR Blends;372
10.31.12;A.1.30.12 NBR/BR/NR Blends;372
10.31.13;A.1.30.13 NR/EPDM/SBR Blends;372
10.31.14;A.1.30.14 EPDM/SBR/CR Blends;373
10.32;A.1.31 Four-Way Blends;373
10.32.1;A.1.31.1 NR/EPDM/SBR/CIIR Blends;373
11;Appendix.2: Cure Systems;374
11.1;A.2 Introduction;374
11.2;A.2.1 General Purpose Elastomer Cure Packages;374
11.3;A.2.2 EPDM Cure Packages;377
11.4;A.2.3 NBR Cure Packages;378
11.5;A.2.4 Polychloroprene Cure Packages;381
11.5.1;A.2.4.1 General Purpose Thiourea Cure Systems for Carbon Black Loaded CR Compounds;382
11.5.2;A.2.4.2 Special Purpose Thiourea Cure Systems for Carbon Black Loaded CR Compounds;382
11.5.3;A.2.4.3 General Purpose Non-thiourea Cure Systems for Carbon Black Loaded CR Compounds;382
11.5.4;A.2.4.4 Special Purpose Non-thiourea Cure Systems for Carbon Black Loaded CR Compounds;383
11.6;A.2.5 Chlorobutyl Rubber Cure Packages;384
11.7;A.2.6 Butyl Rubber Cure Packages;386
12;Review Panel Members’ Biographies;388
13;Author’s Biography;398
14;Subject Index;400

Leseproben

- Introduction
- Optimizing Cured Physical Properties
- Improving Degradation Resistance for Cured Rubber Compounds
- Optimizing Measurable Processability Properties
- Minimizing Adverse Processing Attributes
- How to Obtain Better Property Trade-Offs
- Compatibility for Blends of Elastomers as Part of Vulcanizable Compounds
- Typical Cure Packages for Compounds Based on Different Elastomer Base