Dukhin / Kretzschmar / Miller Dynamics of Adsorption at Liquid Interfaces

Theory, Experiment, Application
1. Auflage 1995
ISBN: 978-0-08-053061-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 600 Seiten, Web PDF

As the first of its kind, this book provides a valuable introduction for scientists and engineers interested in liquid/fluid interfaces and disperse systems to the rapidly developing area of adsorption dynamics. It is the first extensive review available on the subject of dynamics of adsorption and gives a general summary of the current state of adsorption kinetics theory and experiments. Current progress in recently designed set-ups and improved and generalised known methods for studying interfacial relaxations is reviewed. In addition, the role of the electric charge of surfactants in the adsorption process is discussed in terms of a non-equilibrium distribution of adsorbing ions in the diffuse layer.Present theories of the effect of dynamic adsorption layers on mobile surfaces, such as moving drops and bubbles, based on both diffusion and kinetic controlled adsorption models are described and efficient approximate analytical methods to solve the mathematical problem of coupling surfactant transport and hydrodynamics are introduced. The role of a dynamic adsorption layer in bubble rising, film drainage and film stabilisation and in complex processes such as flotation and microflotation is discussed.Containing more than 1100 references, the book is essential reading for industrial scientists and graduate and post-graduate students in physical, surface and colloid chemistry, physico-chemical hydrodynamics, water purification and mineral processing.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dukhin, S. S.

Kretzschmar, G.

Miller, R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Contents;8
3;Preface;18
4;Chapter 1. Introduction;20
4.1;1.1. Surfaces, surface tension and surface phenomena;21
4.2;1.2. Surface chemistry of surfactants and basic adsorption phenomena;24
4.3;1.3. Adsorption dynamics and dynamic adsorption layers. Qualitative approach;30
4.4;1.4. Some surface phenomena;32
4.5;1.5. Organisation of the book;45
4.6;1.6. References;46
5;Chapter 2. Thermodynamics and macro-kinetics of adsorption;49
5.1;2.1. Definition of liquid interfaces;49
5.2;2.2. Models of the surface of water;53
5.3;2.3. General principles of equilibrium surface thermodynamics;56
5.4;2.4. Adsorption at liquid/fluid interfaces;62
5.5;2.5. Treatment of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm as introduction to adsorption dynamics;66
5.6;2.6. Adsorption isotherm for single and mixed surfactant systems;67
5.7;2.7. Macro-kinetic aspects of Langmuir's theory and its application to adsorption dynamics;69
5.8;2.8. Charged liquid interfaces;71
5.9;2.9. Summary;80
5.10;2.10. References;81
6;Chapter 3. Surface phenomena, surface rheology and relaxations processes at liquid interfaces;87
6.1;3.1. Relaxations and chemical reactions;88
6.2;3.2. Stress-strain relationships - general description;91
6.3;3.3. Brief Introduction Into Surface Rheology;94
6.4;3.4. Surface rheology and adsorption dynamics in drainage processes of thin liquid films;102
6.5;3.5. Surface rheology and stability of foams and emulsions;106
6.6;3.6. Surface waves;110
6.7;3.7. Summary;113
6.8;3.8. References;115
7;Chapter 4. The dynamics of adsorption at liquid interfaces;119
7.1;4.1. General idea of adsorption kinetics;120
7.2;4.2. Theoretical models of diffusion-controlled adsorption kinetics;122
7.3;4.3. Diffusion-controlled adsorption of surfactant mixtures;130
7.4;4.4. Kinetic-controlled models;132
7.5;4.5. Models with time dependent interfacial area;134
7.6;4.6. Adsorption kinetics of surfactants at liquid/liquid interfaces;141
7.7;4.7. Adsorption kinetics from micellar solutions;143
7.8;4.8. Adsorption process at the surface of laminar flowing liquid films;147
7.9;4.9. Adsorption kinetics of polymers;149
7.10;4.10. Asymptotic solutions;151
7.11;4.11. Summary;153
7.12;4.12. References;155
8;Chapter 5. Experimental technique to study adsorption kinetics;159
8.1;5.1. Characterisation of the purity of surfactants and solvents;161
8.2;5.2. Drop volume technique;172
8.3;5.3. Maximum bubble pressure technique;176
8.4;5.4. Pendent drop technique;182
8.5;5.5. Growing drop methods;185
8.6;5.6. The oscillating jet method;187
8.7;5.7. The inclined plate technique;189
8.8;5.8. Description of other dynamic methods for interfacial studies;190
8.9;5.9. Experimental results from studies of surfactants at liquid interfaces;195
8.10;5.10. Experimental studies of the adsorption dynamics of biopolymers at liquid interfaces;207
8.11;5.11. Summary;211
8.12;5.12. References;213
9;Chapter 6. Relaxation studies at liquid interfaces;221
9.1;6.1. Introduction to interfacial relaxation studies;221
9.2;6.2. Interfacial relaxation techniques;226
9.3;6.3. Interfacial relaxation methods;235
9.4;6.4. Experimental results of relaxation studies;242
9.5;6.5 Summary;252
9.6;6.6. References;253
10;Chapter 7. Effect of surfactant charge on the dynamics of adsorption;257
10.1;7.1. Introduction;257
10.2;7.2. The retardation of the steady transport of adsorbing ions through the diffuse part of double layer;261
10.3;7.3. The manifestation of electrostatic retardation in transient adsorption processes;268
10.4;7.4. Dynamics of adsorption at harmonically disturbed surfaces;270
10.5;7.5. Stages of adsorption kinetics of ionics under the condition of convective diffusion;274
10.6;7.6. Adsorption kinetics model, taking into account the electrostatic retardation and a specific adsorption barrier;275
10.7;7.7. The problem of ion adsorption models;277
10.8;7.8. Electrostatic retardation in macro-ion adsorption;279
10.9;7.9. A numeric solution to the problem;280
10.10;7.10. Experimental investigations of adsorption kinetics of ionic surfactants;283
10.11;7.11. Summary;285
10.12;7.12. References;286
11;Chapter 8. Dynamic adsorption layer of buoyant bubbles. Diffusion-controlled transport of nonionic surfactants;288
11.1;8.1. Basic problems;288
11.2;8.2. Dynamic adsorption layer under condition of uniform surface retardation;300
11.3;8.3. Theory of dynamic adsorption layer of bubble (drop) at Re<<1 and strong surface retardation;303
11.4;8.4. Theory of dynamic adsorption and diffusion boundary layers of a bubble with Pe>>1, Re<<1 and weak surface retardation;308
11.5;8.5. Hypothesis of incomplete retardation of a bubble surface at Re < 1 and presence of a dynamic adsorption layer;314
11.6;8.6. Theory of dynamic adsorption layer of a bubble and retardation of its surface at large Reynolds numbers;319
11.7;8.7. The rear stagnant region of a buoyant bubble;327
11.8;8.8. Total amount of surfactant at mobile bubble surfaces;332
11.9;8.9. Summary;338
11.10;8.10. References;340
12;Chapter 9. Dynamic adsorption layers of surfactants at the surface of buoyant bubbles. Kinetic-controlled surfactant transport to and from bubble surfaces;342
12.1;9.1. Dynamic adsorption layers of nonionic surfactants;342
12.2;9.2. Dynamic adsorption layers of ionic surfactants;347
12.3;9.3 Structure of rear stagnant cap of a bubble rising in solution of ionic surfactant at Re<<1;350
12.4;9.4. Conditions of realization of regimes of ionic surfactant dynamic adsorption layer formation;352
12.5;9.5. The size of the stagnant cap of the bubble (droplet) using surfactants with a slow rate desorption;356
12.6;9.6. Summary;359
12.7;9.7. References;360
13;Chapter 10. Dynamic adsorption layer in microflotation;361
13.1;10.1 Mechanism of transfer of small particles to bubble surface;362
13.2;10.2. Effect of dynamic adsorption layer on the transport stage of the elementary flotation act;370
13.3;10.3. Investigation of microflotation kinetics as a method of DAL studies;384
13.4;10.4. Dynamic adsorption layer and optimisation of transport stage of flotation;388
13.5;10.5. Specific features of the mechanism involving attachment of small particles on the surface of a bubble;389
13.6;10.6. Influence of dynamic adsorption layer on attachment of small particles on bubble surface;403
13.7;10.7. Influence of dynamic adsorption layer on small particle detachment;404
13.8;10.8. Perfection of microflotation by governing dynamic adsorption layer;405
13.9;10.9. Effect of particle aggregation on elementary microflotation act and dynamic adsorption layer;406
13.10;10.10. Collision efficiency, bubble velocity and microflotation kinetics;408
13.11;10.11. Bubble coalescence and dynamic adsorption layer;408
13.12;10.12. Two-stage flotation of micron and submicron particles and dynamic adsorption layer;411
13.13;10.13. Selection and application of cationic surfactant in microflotation and dynamic adsorption layer;412
13.14;10.14. Negative effect of inertia forces on flotation of small particles. Generalisation of Sutherland's formula. Extension of limits of applicability of microflotation theory;414
13.15;10.15. Influence of dynamic adsorption layer on inertia forces in microflotation;422
13.16;10.16. Effect of hydrodynamic boundary layer on elementary act of microflotation and dynamic adsorption layer of bubbles;424
14;Chapter 11. Dynamic adsorption layer in flotation;441
14.1;11.1. Quasi-elastic collision;442
14.2;11.2. Inelastic collision;446
14.3;11.3. Prevention of particle deposition on bubble surface at T>Tt under the effect of centrifugal force;450
14.4;11.4. Particle reflection from a bubble surface;455
14.5;11.5. Prevention of particle deposition on bubble surface at angles .<.ocr due to joint action of particle reflection from a bubble surface and centrifugal forces;457
14.6;11.6. Estimation of collision efficiency;459
14.7;11.7. Kinetics of extension of three-phase contact;461
14.8;11.8. Attachment by collision.;463
14.9;11.9. Influence of dynamic adsorption layer on attachment by collision;469
14.10;11.10. Attachment by sliding at potential flow. The role of particle rebound and critical film thickness;471
14.11;11.11. Influence of dynamic adsorption layer on attachment process by sliding;478
14.12;11.12. Investigations of collision and attachment stages of both microflotation and flotation;480
14.13;11.13. Influence of dynamic adsorption layer on detachment;486
14.14;11.14. Summary;487
14.15;11.15. References;490
15;Chapter 12. Non-equilibrium surface forces caused by dynamic adsorption layers and their relevance in film stability and flotation;492
15.1;12.1. The effect of the dynamic adsorption layer on coagulation;492
15.2;12.2. The influence of the ionic adsorption layer upon coagulation processes;494
15.3;12.3. The liquid interlayer stabilization by dynamic adsorption layers in elementary flotation act;495
15.4;12.4. Estimation of effectiveness of particles capture considering liquid interlayer stabilisation by dynamic adsorption layers;501
15.5;12.5. Non-equilibrium surface forces of diffusion-electrical nature in flotation;503
15.6;12.6. Summary;505
15.7;12.7. References;506
16;Appendices ;507
16.1;Appendix 2A: General principles of the degrees of freedom of interfaces;507
16.2;Appendix 2B: Discussion of Further Adsorption Isotherms;508
16.2.1;2B.1. Htickel-Cassel Isotherm;508
16.2.2;2B.2. The Volmer Adsorption Isotherm;511
16.2.3;2B.3. The Butler-Volmer-Equation;511
16.3;Appendix 2C: Non-Equilibrium Surface Thermodynamics;512
16.4;Appendix 2D: Thermodynamics of Thin Liquid Films;515
16.5;Appendix 3A: Sound Propagation in Liquid/Fluid Disperse systems and Chemical Reaction;520
16.6;Appendix 3B: Dynamic Contact Angles;525
16.7;Appendix 3C: Marangoni-instabilities and dissipative structures;527
16.8;Appendix 3D: Lateral Transport Phenomena;532
16.9;Appendix 4A: Numerical solution of the integral equation of Ward and Tordai;533
16.10;Appendix 4B: Numerical solution of the function exp(x2)erfc(x);534
16.11;Appendix 4C: Finite difference scheme to solve the initial and boundary condition problem of a diffusion controlled adsorption model;537
16.12;Appendix 4D: Finite difference scheme to solve the initial and boundary condition problem of a diffusion controlled adsorption model for a two component surfactant system;540
16.13;Appendix 4E: Application of the Laplace transform to solve the diffusion-controlled adsorption kinetics model;540
16.14;Appendix 4F: Polynomial parameters of the collocation solution Eq. (4.25) after Ziller & Miller (1986);543
16.15;Appendix 5A: Correction Factors after Wilkinson (1972) in the form rcap/a as a function of r.V -1/3;544
16.16;Appendix 5B: Density and viscosity of selected liquids;548
16.17;Appendix 5C: Surface tension of selected liquids and its interfacial tension to water;549
16.18;Appendix 5D: Isotherm parameters of selected surfactants;550
16.19;Appendix 5E: Mutual solubility of organic solvents and water;552
16.20;Appendix 5F: Numerical aAlgorithm to sSolve the Gauss-Laplace equation;552
16.21;Appendix 5G: Dynamic surface tensions in the sub-millisecond range;554
16.22;Appendix 6A: Application of system theory for the determination of interfacial tension Response functions to small interfacial area disturbances;556
16.23;Appendix 6B: Interfacial tension response functions ..(T) to harmonic and several types of transient area disturbances;556
16.24;Appendix 6C: Interfacial pressure response to area disturbances in presence of insoluble monolayers;559
16.25;Appendix 7A: The approximate integration of the differential equation of adsorption of multivalent ions;560
16.26;Appendix 8A: Small rear stagnant cap of bubble at high Reynolds numbers;563
16.27;Appendix 10A: Processes restricting water purification by microflotation, and prevention of bubble surface retardation;566
16.28;Appendix 10B: Role of r.s.c, in transport stage at different particle attachment mechanisms;567
16.29;Appendix 10C: Choice of hydrodynamic regime under production conditions. Decimicrone-size particle;568
16.30;Appendix 10D: New development in surface forces;570
16.31;Appendix 10E: Microflotation of submicron, micron and decimicron particles;576
16.31.1; 10E.1. Micron and submicron particles. Air-dissolved flotation and microflotation;576
16.31.2; 10E.2. Decimicron particles;577
16.32;Appendix 10F: Flotation with centimicron and millimeter bubbles;577
16.32.1; 10F.1. The use of centimicron bubbles;577
16.32.2; 10F.2. Use of millimeter bubbles;578
16.33;Appendix 10G: Flotation with bubbles between millimeter and centimicron;578
16.34;Appendix 10H: Possibility of microbubble capture from below, dynamic adsorption layer and possibility of decrease of surfactant consumption;579
16.35;Appendix 10I: Air-dissolved flotation and two-stage flotation;580
16.36;Appendix 10J: Industrial application of two-stage microflotation;580
16.37;Appendix 10K: Bubble polydispersity in two-stage flotation;581
16.38;Appendix 10L: Two-stage microflotation with particle aggregation;582
16.39;Appendix 10M: Comments on the role of boundary layer and centrifugal force as discussed by Mileva (1990);583
16.39.1; 10M1. Lift force;583
16.39.2; 10M2. Reynolds numbers characterising the particle motion relative to the liquid;584
16.39.3; 10M3. Lift force and centrifugal force;584
16.40;Appendix 11A: Correction of the calculation of centrifugal forces at St > St c;584
16.41;Appendix 11B: Analysis the theory by Schulze and co-worker on attachment by collision;585
17;List of Symbols;587
18;Subject Index;592