Practical RF System Design

1. Auflage 2003
ISBN: 978-0-471-20023-9
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 416 Seiten, Format (B × H): 161 mm x 240 mm, Gewicht: 789 g

Reihe: Wiley - IEEE

The ultimate practical resource for today's RF system design professionals

Radio frequency components and circuits form the backbone of today's mobile and satellite communications networks. Consequently, both practicing and aspiring industry professionals need to be able to solve ever more complex problems of RF design.

Blending theoretical rigor with a wealth of practical expertise, Practical RF System Design addresses a variety of complex, real-world problems that system engineers are likely to encounter in today's burgeoning communications industry with solutions that are not easily available in the existing literature. The author, an expert in the field of RF module and system design, provides powerful techniques for analyzing real RF systems, with emphasis on some that are currently not well understood. Combining theoretical results and models with examples, he challenges readers to address such practical issues as:

* How standing wave ratio affects system gain

* How noise on a local oscillator will affect receiver noise figure and desensitization

* How to determine the dynamic range of a cascade from module specifications

* How phase noise affects system performance and where it comes from

* How intermodulation products (IMs) predictably change with signal amplitude, and why they sometimes change differently

An essential resource for today's RF system engineers, the text covers important topics in the areas of system noise and nonlinearity, frequency conversion, and phase noise. Along with a wealth of practical examples using MATLAB(r) and Excel, spreadsheets are available for download from an FTP Web site to help readers apply the methods outlined in this important resource.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Egan, William F

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Nachrichten- und Kommunikationstechnik Funktechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xvii

Getting Files From the Wiley Ftp and Internet Sites xix

Symbols List and Glossary xxi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 System Design Process 1

1.2 Organization of the Book 2

1.3 Appendixes 3

1.4 Spreadsheets 3

1.5 Test and Simulation 3

1.6 Practical Skepticism 4

1.7 References 5

2 Gain 7

2.1 Simple Cases 8

2.2 General Case 9

2.2.1 S Parameters 9

2.2.2 Normalized Waves 11

2.2.3 T Parameters 12

2.2.4 Relationships Between S and T Parameters 13

2.2.5 Restrictions on T Parameters 14

2.2.6 Cascade Response 14

2.3 Simplification: Unilateral Modules 15

2.3.1 Module Gain 15

2.3.2 Transmission Line Interconnections 16

2.3.3 Overall Response, Standard Cascade 25

2.3.4 Combined with Bilateral Modules 28

2.3.5 Lossy Interconnections 32

2.3.6 Additional Considerations 38

2.4 Nonstandard Impedances 40

2.5 Use of Sensitivities to Find Variations 40

2.6 Summary 43

Endnotes 45

3 Noise Figure 47

3.1 Noise Factor and Noise Figure 47

3.2 Modules in Cascade 49

3.3 Applicable Gains and Noise Factors 54

3.4 Noise Figure of an Attenuator 55

3.5 Noise Figure of an Interconnect 56

3.6 Cascade Noise Figure 56

3.7 Expected Value and Variance of Noise Figure 58

3.8 Impedance-Dependent Noise Factors 59

3.8.1 Representation 60

3.8.2 Constant-Noise Circles 61

3.8.3 Relation to Standard Noise Factor 62

3.8.4 Using the Theoretical Noise Factor 64

3.8.5 Summary 65

3.9 Image Noise, Mixers 65

3.9.1 Effective Noise Figure of the Mixer 66

3.9.2 Verification for Simple Cases 69

3.9.3 Examples of Image Noise 69

3.10 Extreme Mismatch, Voltage Amplifiers 74

3.10.1 Module Noise Factor 76

3.10.2 Cascade Noise Factor 78

3.10.3 Combined with Unilateral Modules 79

3.10.4 Equivalent Noise Factor 79

3.11 Using Noise Figure Sensitivities 79

3.12 Mixed Cascade Example 80

3.12.1 Effects of Some Resistor Changes 81

3.12.2 Accounting for Other Reflections 82

3.12.3 Using Sensitivities 82

3.13 Gain Controls 84

3.13.1 Automatic Gain Control 84

3.13.2 Level Control 86

3.14 Summary 88

Endnotes 90

4 Nonlinearity In the Signal Path 91

4.1 Representing Nonlinear Responses 91

4.2 Second-Order Terms 92

4.2.1 Intercept Points 93

4.2.2 Mathematical Representations 95

4.2.3 Other Even-Order Terms 97

4.3 Third-Order Terms 97

4.3.1 Intercept Points 99

4.3.2 Mathematical Representations 100

4.3.3 Other Odd-Order Terms 101

4.4 Frequency Dependence and Relationship Between Products 102

4.5 Nonlinear Products in the Cascades 103

4.5.1 Two-Module Cascade 104

4.5.2 General Cascade 105

4.5.3 IMs Adding Coherently 106

4.5.4 IMs Adding Randomly 108

4.5.5 IMs That Do Not Add 109

4.5.6 Effect of Mismatch on IPs 110

4.6 Examples: Spreadsheets for IMs in a Cascade 111

4.7 Anomalous IMs 115

4.8 Measuring IMs 116

4.9 Compression in the Cascade 119

4.10 Other Nonideal Effects 121

4.11 Summary 121

Endnote 122

5 Noise and Nonlinearity 123

5.1 Intermodulation of Noise 123

5.1.1 Preview 124

5.1.2 Flat Bandpass Noise 125

5.1.3 Second-Order Products 125

5.1.4 Third-Order Products 130

5.2 Composite Distortion 133

5.2.1 Second-Order IMs (CSO) 134

5.2.2 Third-Order IMs (CTB) 136

5.2.3 CSO and CTB Example 136

5.3 Dynamic Range 137

5.3.1 Spurious-Free Dynamic Range 137

5.3.2 Other Range Limitations 139

5.4 Optimizing Cascades 139

5.4.1 Combining Parameters on One Spreadsheet 139

5.4.2 Optimization Example 143

5.5 Spreads

Über Autor(innen)

WILLIAM F. EGAN is an instructor at Santa Clara University, California, and formerly a Principle Engineer at TRW ESD and a Senior Technologist at GTE Government Systems. He received his PhD in electrical engineering from Stanford University and is the author of two previous books related to RF technology.