Ethylene

Agricultural Sources and Applications
2002
ISBN: 978-0-306-46666-3
Verlag: Springer US

Buch, Englisch, 342 Seiten, HC runder Rücken kaschiert, Format (B × H): 160 mm x 241 mm, Gewicht: 1510 g

With an ever-increasing demand for more food supply, agricultural scientists will have to search for new ways and technologies to promote food production. In recent decades, plant growth regulators (PGRs) have made great strides in promoting plant growth and development. PGRs are organic compounds which have the ability to dramatically affect physiological plant processes when present in extremely low concentrations (in the range of micro-to picograms). Although all higher plants have the ability to synthesize PGRs endogenously, they do respond to the exogenous sources most likely due to not having the capacity to synthesize sufficient endogenous phytohormones for optimal growth and development under given climatic and environmental conditions. In recent years, PGRs have established their position as a new generation of agrochemicals after pesticides, insecticides and herbicides. Interest in the commercial use of PGRs for improving plant growth and crop yields is also increasing because of their non-polluting nature. The use of PGRs in the post-harvest technology is well established and many new breakthroughs have recently been revealed.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Frankenberger Jr., William T.

Arshad, Muhammad

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Umwelttechnik | Umwelttechnologie Abfallwirtschaft, Abfallentsorgung
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Botanik Pflanzenphysiologie, Photosynthese
• Rechtswissenschaften Öffentliches Recht Umweltrecht Abfall- und Bodenschutzrecht
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Abfallbeseitigung, Abfallentsorgung
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Botanik Pflanzenreproduktion, Verbreitung, Genetik
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Wasserversorgung
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltverschmutzung, Umweltkriminalität, Umweltrecht
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Bodenkunde, Sedimentologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. THE PLANT HORMONE, ETHYLENE.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Ethylene as a Gas.- 1.3. Biological Activity of Ethylene.- 1.4. Historical Perspective.- 1.5. Sources of Ethylene and Applications.- 1.6. Future Prospects.- 1.7. References.- 2. ETHYLENE IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Endogenous Production of Ethylene.- 2.3. Biosynthetic Pathway.- 2.4. Regulation of Ethylene Production.- 2.5. Metabolism.- 2.6. Mechanism of Action and Ethylene Receptors.- 2.7. Ethylene Production by Lower Plants.- 2.8. Concluding Remarks.- 2.9. References.- 3. BIOCHEMISTRY OF MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Substrates/Precursors/Stimulators of Ethylene.- 3.3. Biosynthetic Pathways.- 3.4. Methionine-Dependent and -Independent Pathways.- 3.5. Molecular Aspects of the Ethylene-forming Enzyme of Pseudomonas syringae.- 3.6. Structure of Ethylene-forming Enzymes.- 3.7. Microbial Metabolism of Ethylene.- 3.8. Concluding Remarks.- 3.9. References.- 4. FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE.- 4.1. Microbial Production of Ethylene.- 4.2. Factors Affecting Microbial Production of Ethylene in Vitro.- 4.3. Effect of Ethylene on Microbial Growth.- 4.4. Concluding Remarks.- 4.5. References.- 5. ETHYLENE IN SOIL.- 5.1. Ethylene Production in Soil.- 5.2. Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Ethylene Production.- 5.3. Organic Amendments and Ethylene Accumulation.- 5.4. Inorganic Amendments and Ethylene Accumulation in Soil.- 5.5. Nitrate as a Suppressor of Ethylene Accumulation in Soil.- 5.6. Ferrous Iron as a Stimulator of C2H4 Production in Soil.- 5.7. Persistence of Ethylene in Soil.- 5.8. Plant Responses Evoked by Ethylene and Waterlogging.- 5.9. Concluding Remarks.- 5.10. References.- 6. ETHYLENE IN SYMBIOSIS.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Symbiotic Associations.- 6.3. Nodulation.- 6.4. Mycorrhizal Associations.- 6.5. Lichen (An Algal-Fungal Symbiosis).- 6.6. Concluding Remarks.- 6.7. References.- 7. ETHYLENE IN PATHOGENESIS.- 7.1. Infection: A Biotic Stress.- 7.2. Enhanced Ethylene Production during Pathogenesis.- 7.3. Source of Accelerated Ethylene Evolution during Pathogenesis.- 7.4. Role of Ethylene in Disease Development.- 7.5. Role of Ethylene in Disease Resistance.- 7.6. Soil Ethylene as a Weedicide.- 7.7. Concluding Remarks.- 7.8. References.- 8. ETHYLENE IN AGRICULTURE: SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Ethylene Sources and Their Applications in Agriculture.- 8.3. Alterations in Endogenous Ethylene Biosynthesis and Plant Responses.- 8.4. Concluding Remarks.- 8.5. References.