Freris / Infield Renewable Energy in Power Systems

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-0-470-98894-7
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 300 Seiten, E-Book

Renewable Energy (RE) sources differ from conventional sources inthat, generally they cannot be scheduled, they are much smallerthan conventional power stations and are often connected to theelectricity distribution system rather than the transmissionsystem. The integration of such time variable'distributed' or 'embedded' sources intoelectricity networks requires special consideration.
This new book addresses these special issues and covers thefollowing:
* The characteristics of conventional and RE generators withparticular reference to the variable nature of RE from wind, solar,small hydro and marine sources over time scales ranging fromseconds to months
* The power balance and frequency stability in a network withincreasing inputs from variable sources and the technical andeconomic implications of increased penetration from suchsources with special reference to demand side management
* The conversion of energy into electricity from RE sources andthe type and characteristics of generators used
* The requirement to condition the power from RE sources and thetype and mode of operation of the power electronic converters usedto interface such generators to the grid
* The flow of power over networks supplied from conventional plusRE sources with particular reference to voltage control andprotection
* The economics and trading of 'green' electricity innational and international deregulated markets
* The expected developments in RE technology and the future shapeof power systems where the penetration from RE sources is large andwhere substantial operational and control benefits will be derived from extensive use of power electronic interfaces andcontrollers
The text is designed to be intelligible to readers who havelittle previous knowledge of electrical engineering. The moreanalytical electrical aspects are relegated to an Appendix forreaders who wish to gain a more in depth understanding. Thebook's flexible structure makes its accessible to the generalengineer or scientists but also caters for readers with anon-scientific background. Economists, planners and environmentalspecialists will find parts of the book informative.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Freris, Leon

Infield, David

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Foreword.
Preface.
Acknowledgements.
1 Energy and Electricity.
1.1 The World Energy Scene.
1.2 The Environmental Impact of Energy Use.
1.3 Generating Electricity.
1.4 The Electrical Power System.
References.
2 Features of Conventional and Renewable Generation.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Conventional Sources: Coal, Gas and Nuclear.
2.3 Hydroelectric Power.
2.4 Wind Power.
2.5 PV and Solar Thermal Electricity.
2.6 Tidal Power.
2.7 Wave Power.
2.8 Biomass.
2.9 Summary of Power Generation Characteristics.
2.10 Combining Sources.
References.
3 Power Balance/ Frequency Control.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Electricity Demand.
3.3 Power Governing.
3.4 Dynamic Frequency Control of Large Systems.
3.5 Impact of Renewable Generation on Frequency Control andReliability.
3.6 Frequency Response Services from Renewables.
3.7 Frequency Control Modelling.
3.8 Energy Storage.
References.
Other Useful Reading.
4 Electrical Power Generation and Conditioning.
4.1 The Conversion of Renewable Energy into Electrical Form.
4.2 The Synchronous Generator.
4.3 The Transformer.
4.4 The Asynchronous Generator.
4.5 Power Electronics.
4.6 Applications to Renewable Energy Generators.
References.
5 Power System Analysis.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 The Transmission System.
5.3 Voltage Control.
5.4 Power Flow in an Individual Section of Line.
5.5 Reactive Power Management.
5.6 Load Flow and Power System Simulation.
5.7 Faults and Protection.
5.8 Time Varying and Dynamic Simulations.
5.9 Reliability Analysis.
References.
6 Renewable Energy Generation in Power Systems.
6.1 Distributed Generation.
6.2 Voltage Effects.
6.3 Thermal Limits.
6.4 Other Embedded Generation Issues.
6.5 Islanding.
6.6 Fault Ride-through.
6.7 Generator and Converter Characteristics.
References.
7 Power System Economics and the Electricity Market.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 The Costs of Electricity Generation.
7.3 Economic Optimization in Power Systems.
7.4 External Costs.
7.5 Effects of Embedded Generation.
7.6 Support Mechanisms for Renewable Energy.
7.7 Electricity Trading.
References.
8 The Future - Towards a Sustainable Electricity SupplySystem.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 The Future of Wind Power.
8.3 The Future of Solar Power.
8.4 The Future of Biofuels.
8.5 The Future of Hydro and Marine Power.
8.6 Distributed Generation and the Shape of Future Networks.
8.7 Conclusions.
References.
Appendix: Basic Electric Power Engineering Concepts.
A.1 Introduction.
A.2 Generators and Consumers of Energy.
A.3 Why AC?.
A.4 AC Waveforms.
A.5 Response of Circuit Components to AC.
A.6 Phasors.
A.7 Phasor Addition.
A.8 Rectangular Notation.
A.9 Reactance and Impedance.
A.10 Power in AC Circuits.
A.11 Reactive Power.
A.12 Complex Power.
A.13 Conservation of Active and Reactive Power.
A.14 Effects of Reactive Power Flow - Power FactorCorrection.
A.15 Three-phase AC.
A.16 The Thévenin Equivalent Circuit.
Reference.
Index.