Diffusion in Natural Porous Media

Contaminant Transport, Sorption/Desorption and Dissolution Kinetics
1998
ISBN: 978-0-7923-8102-0
Verlag: Springer US

Buch, Englisch, Band 1, 207 Seiten, HC runder Rücken kaschiert, Format (B × H): 160 mm x 241 mm, Gewicht: 1090 g

Reihe: Topics in Environmental Fluid Mechanics

introduces the general principles of diffusion in the subsurface environment and discusses the implications for the fate and transport of contaminants in soils and groundwater. Emphasis is placed on sorption/desorption and the dissolution kinetics of organic contaminants, both of which are limited by the slow speed of molecular diffusion.
compiles methods for calculating the diffusion coefficients of organic compounds (in aqueous solution or vapor phase) in natural porous media. The author uses analytical solutions of Fick's 2nd law and some simple numerical models to model diffusive transport under various initial and boundary conditions. A number of these models may be solved using spreadsheets.
The book examines sorption/desorption rates of organic compounds in various soils and aquifer materials, and also examines the dissolution kinetics of nonaqueous phase liquids in aquifers, in both the trapped residual phase and in pools.
concludes with a discussion of the impact of slow diffusion processes on soil and groundwater decontamination and the implications of these processes for groundwater risk assessment.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Grathwohl, Peter

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Wasserversorgung
• Technische Wissenschaften Umwelttechnik | Umwelttechnologie Abfallwirtschaft, Abfallentsorgung
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Abfallbeseitigung, Abfallentsorgung
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Hydrologie, Hydrogeologie
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltverschmutzung, Umweltkriminalität, Umweltrecht
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Thermodynamik Festkörperphysik, Kondensierte Materie
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Angewandte Ökologie
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geotechnik
• Technische Wissenschaften Bauingenieurwesen Boden- und Felsmechanik, Geotechnik
• Technische Wissenschaften Umwelttechnik | Umwelttechnologie Luftreinhaltung
• Rechtswissenschaften Öffentliches Recht Umweltrecht Abfall- und Bodenschutzrecht

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Persistence of Organic Contaminants in the Subsurface Environment.- 1.2 Nonequilibrium Transport — Remediation of Contaminated Sites.- 1.3 Diffusion in Sediments and Rocks.- 2. Basics of Sorption and Diffusion in Soils and Sediments.- 2.1 Sorption of Organic Compounds in Soils and Sediments.- 2.2 Mass Transfer by Diffusion.- 3. Modeling of Diffusion Processes.- 3.1 Intraparticle Diffusion.- 3.2 Diffusion into Layers of Low Permeability.- 4. Measured Diffusion Coefficients.- 4.1 Time-Lag Experiments.- 4.2 Diffusion Coefficients from Sorption/Desorption Kinetics.- 4.3 Prediction of Diffusion Coefficients.- 5. Dissolution Kinetics of Non Aqueous Phase Liquids.- 5.1 Aqueous Solubility of Organic Compounds.- 5.2 Dissolution Kinetics.- 6. Risk Assessment — Remediation.- 6.1 Risk Assessment: Release Rates.- 6.2 Time Scales of Soil and Groundwater Remediation.- 6.3 Transport by Diffusion Compared to Advection.- References.- Appendices.- I. Analytical Methods: TCE and Phenanthrene.- II. Methods of Solids Characterization.- III. TCE-Diffusion Data: Time-Lag Method.- IV. Tracer Diffusion Data.- V. Examples for Long-Term Sorption Kinetics of Phenanthrene.