Gupta Indian Ocean Region

Maritime Regimes for Regional Cooperation
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4419-5989-8
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 400 Seiten

Reihe: The Political Economy of the Asia Pacific

It is a privilege to introduce the reader to this book, as I believe that it will make a signi?cant contribution to, given the dif?culties in the knowledge of the Indian Ocean, developing cooperation in the Indian Ocean region. There have been numerous failed efforts at regional cooperation in different fora in the Indian Ocean. As a result of the land-based orientation of the people in the region, the importance for countries to develop the power to govern the sea has largely been ignored. The maritime approach taken by Manoj Gupta to the Indian Ocean as a region in international relations offers a timely and critical assessment of the potential for regional cooperation and ocean governance. The political leadership in the region can no longer ignore the need for coop- ation in maritime affairs in the Indian Ocean. This book enriches the literature on Indian Ocean issues as it argues convincingly that the security of nations, economic well-being of the people and health of the Indian Ocean cannot be divested from one another. All are fundamentally dependant on the ability of the countries in the region to individually and collectively exert the power to govern the sea.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gupta, Manoj

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Preface;7
3;Acknowledgements;9
4;Contents;11
5;List of Figures;17
6;List of Tables;19
7;Glossary;21
8;Part I Introduction: Power of the Oceans Across Regions;25
8.1;1 Researching the Indian Ocean Region;26
8.1.1;1.1 Indian Ocean Region;26
8.1.2;1.2 Maritime Regime Building for Regional Cooperation;26
8.1.3;1.3 Importance of the Indian Ocean;27
8.1.4;1.4 Regional Cooperation for Ocean Governance;28
8.1.5;1.5 Centrality of the Book;29
8.1.6;1.6 Factors and Approach to Research;30
8.1.7;1.7 Contribution of the Book to IR and IO Studies;32
8.1.8;1.8 Structure of Book;33
8.1.9;1.9 A Note on Sources and Methods;34
8.1.9.1;1.9.1 Case Study on IOGOOS;35
8.1.9.2;1.9.2 Case Study on IOMOU for PSC;35
8.1.10;Notes;36
9;Part II Ocean Governance, Regional Cooperation and Regime Theory;38
9.1;2 The New Regime for Ocean Governance;39
9.1.1;2.1 Emergence of the New Legal Regime for the Oceans;39
9.1.2;2.2 Regime Change in the Oceans;40
9.1.3;2.3 Importance of Oceans;41
9.1.4;2.4 Changing Maritime Dimensions;44
9.1.5;2.5 Regime for Ocean Governance History in the Making;47
9.1.6;2.6 Defining Ocean Governance;49
9.1.7;2.7 Pressures of Ocean Governance;50
9.1.8;2.8 Indicators of Ocean Governance;51
9.1.9;2.9 Objectives and Principles of Ocean Governance;52
9.1.10;2.10 Initiatives for Ocean Governance;54
9.1.11;2.11 Strategy for Ocean Governance;57
9.1.12;2.12 Regulation and Control at Sea;59
9.1.13;2.13 Attributes of the Power to Govern the Sea;62
9.1.14;2.14 Conclusion;65
9.1.15;Notes;66
9.2;3 Indian Ocean Region;70
9.2.1;3.1 Indian Ocean Region as a Concept;70
9.2.2;3.2 Regions and Regional Orders;71
9.2.3;3.3 New Concept of Security;72
9.2.4;3.4 Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT);73
9.2.5;3.5 Indian Ocean RSCs;73
9.2.6;3.6 Regions and the Indian Ocean;75
9.2.7;3.7 Understanding the Geostrategic Maritime Realm;76
9.2.7.1;3.7.1 Indian Ocean Nomenclature;77
9.2.7.2;3.7.2 Indian Ocean Political Geography;79
9.2.8;3.8 Indian Ocean Regional Initiatives;81
9.2.9;3.9 Indian Ocean Regionalism;82
9.2.10;3.10 Indian Ocean Region Defined;85
9.2.11;3.11 Conclusion;86
9.2.12;Notes;87
9.3;4 Regime Theory and Application of Structuration Theory;90
9.3.1;4.1 Regime Effectiveness an Agenda for Research;90
9.3.2;4.2 Structurational Approach to Regimes;90
9.3.3;4.3 Regimes Do Matter;91
9.3.4;4.4 Conceptual Clarification of Regimes;91
9.3.5;4.5 Regime Definitions;92
9.3.6;4.6 Attributes and Classification of Regimes;93
9.3.7;4.7 Norm for Ocean Governance and Maritime Regimes;96
9.3.8;4.8 Driving Social Forces of Regime Formation;97
9.3.9;4.9 Process of Regime Formation;100
9.3.10;4.10 ActorStructure Interplay;101
9.3.11;4.11 Actors and Leadership;102
9.3.12;4.12 Structure in Regime Analysis;103
9.3.13;4.13 Elements of Structuration Theory;103
9.3.14;4.14 Application of Structuration Theory to Regime Theory;107
9.3.15;4.15 Conclusion;110
9.3.16;Notes;111
9.4;5 Methodological Considerations for Case Study Analysis;115
9.4.1;5.1 Integrating the Literature on Ocean Governance, Regions and Regimes;115
9.4.2;5.2 Maritime Regime Analysis in the Indian Ocean Region;117
9.4.3;5.3 Meaning of Regime Effectiveness;118
9.4.4;5.4 Objects of Assessment;118
9.4.5;5.5 Importance of Time and Space;119
9.4.6;5.6 Level of Collaboration as a Measure of Effectiveness;120
9.4.7;5.7 Behavioural Change and Institutional Effectiveness;121
9.4.8;5.8 Broader Consequences of Regime Effectiveness Across Space;121
9.4.8.1;5.8.1 Analytic Construct of Broader Consequences Across Space;122
9.4.9;5.9 Variables for Measurement of Regime Effectiveness;123
9.4.10;5.10 Constructing the Measurement Scale;126
9.4.11;5.11 Rubric for Measuring Regime Effectiveness;127
9.4.12;5.12 Conclusion;145
9.4.13;Notes;145
10;Part III Indian Ocean Rim Power to Govern the Sea;147
10.1;6 Regime for Marine Scientific Research in the Indian OceanRegion;148
10.1.1;6.1 Importance of Marine Scientific Research;148
10.1.2;6.2 Maritime Zones and Marine Scientific Research;149
10.1.3;6.3 International Legal Regime for Marine Scientific Research;150
10.1.3.1;6.3.1 Marine Scientific Research and Economic Interests;152
10.1.3.2;6.3.2 Marine Scientific Research and Military Interests;153
10.1.4;6.4 International Cooperation in Marine Scientific Research;154
10.1.5;6.5 Process of Regime Formation: Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS);155
10.1.6;6.6 Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System (IOGOOS) Regional Alliance;158
10.1.7;6.7 Actor Behaviour and Leadership;159
10.1.7.1;6.7.1 Knowledge-Based Actors and Intellectual Leadership;159
10.1.7.2;6.7.2 Interest-Based Actors and Entrepreneurial Leadership;160
10.1.7.3;6.7.3 Power-Based Actors and Structural Leadership;160
10.1.8;6.8 Structure Over Time;161
10.1.8.1;6.8.1 Signification---Communication and Level of Concern;161
10.1.8.2;6.8.2 Legitimisation---Contractual Environment;162
10.1.8.3;6.8.3 Domination---National Capacity;163
10.1.9;6.9 Broader Consequences Across Space;164
10.1.9.1;6.9.1 State Learning at the Unit Level;164
10.1.9.2;6.9.2 Regional Cooperation at the Subsystem Level;165
10.1.9.3;6.9.3 International Cooperation at the System Level;167
10.1.10;6.10 Stages of Regime Formation;171
10.1.10.1;6.10.1 Agenda Formation;171
10.1.10.2;6.10.2 Institutional Choice;172
10.1.10.3;6.10.3 Operationalisation;172
10.1.11;6.11 IOGOOS Projects;174
10.1.11.1;6.11.1 Indian Ocean Panel (IOP) and the Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS);174
10.1.11.2;6.11.2 Coastal Module of IOGOOS;177
10.1.11.3;6.11.3 Data and Information Management;179
10.1.12;6.12 Analysis of Regime Effectiveness;183
10.1.12.1;6.12.1 Stages of Regime Formation;184
10.1.12.2;6.12.2 Actor Behaviour and Leadership;184
10.1.12.3;6.12.3 Structure Over Time;189
10.1.12.4;6.12.4 Broader Consequences Across Space;190
10.1.12.5;6.12.5 Level of Collaboration;190
10.1.12.6;6.12.6 Effectiveness of the Regime for Marine Scientific Research;192
10.1.13;6.13 Conclusion;192
10.1.14;Notes;194
10.2;7 Intra-Indian Ocean Trade;202
10.2.1;7.1 Indian Ocean Commerce;202
10.2.2;7.2 Intra-Indian Ocean Trade Overview;202
10.2.3;7.3 Country-Specific Intra-Indian Ocean Trade Performance;205
10.2.3.1;7.3.1 Intra-Indian Ocean Trade and World Exports;205
10.2.3.2;7.3.2 Intra-Indian Ocean Trade and Developing Countries;206
10.2.3.3;7.3.3 Intra-Indian Ocean Trade and Industrialised Countries;207
10.2.4;7.4 IOR Regional Exports;208
10.2.5;7.5 Top-Performing IOR Countries;209
10.2.5.1;7.5.1 Australia;211
10.2.5.2;7.5.2 Singapore;211
10.2.5.3;7.5.3 Malaysia;211
10.2.5.4;7.5.4 Indonesia;213
10.2.5.5;7.5.5 Thailand;215
10.2.5.6;7.5.6 India;217
10.2.5.7;7.5.7 Saudi Arabia;218
10.2.5.8;7.5.8 United Arab Emirates;218
10.2.6;7.6 Conclusion;219
10.2.7;Notes;221
10.3;8 Shipping and Port State Control in the Indian Ocean;222
10.3.1;8.1 Shipping a Globalised Industry;222
10.3.2;8.2 International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Framework;224
10.3.3;8.3 World Shipping;226
10.3.4;8.4 IOR Shipping Fleet;227
10.3.5;8.5 Indian Ocean Port State Control;232
10.3.6;8.6 Actor Behaviour and Leadership;235
10.3.6.1;8.6.1 Power-Based Actors and Structural Leadership;235
10.3.6.2;8.6.2 Knowledge-Based Actors and Intellectual Leadership;238
10.3.6.3;8.6.3 Interest-Based Actors and Entrepreneurial Leadership;244
10.3.6.3.1;8.6.3.1 Classification Societies;244
10.3.6.3.2;8.6.3.2 Protection and Indemnity Insurance;247
10.3.6.3.3;8.6.3.3 Shipowners;248
10.3.6.3.4;8.6.3.4 Cargo Industry;249
10.3.7;8.7 Structure Over Time;251
10.3.7.1;8.7.1 Signification---Communication and Level of Concern;251
10.3.7.2;8.7.2 Legitimisation---Contractual Environment;252
10.3.7.3;8.7.3 Domination---National Capacity;252
10.3.8;8.8 Broader Consequences Across Space;257
10.3.8.1;8.8.1 State Learning at the Unit Level;257
10.3.8.2;8.8.2 Regional Cooperation at the Subsystem Level;257
10.3.8.3;8.8.3 International Cooperation at the System Level;258
10.3.9;8.9 Stages of Regime Formation;259
10.3.9.1;8.9.1 Agenda Formation;260
10.3.9.2;8.9.2 Institutional Choice;264
10.3.9.3;8.9.3 Operationalisation;265
10.3.10;8.10 Analysis of Regime Effectiveness;265
10.3.10.1;8.10.1 Stages of Regime Formation;265
10.3.10.2;8.10.2 Actor Behaviour and Leadership;266
10.3.10.3;8.10.3 Structure Over Time;270
10.3.10.4;8.10.4 Broader Consequences Across Space;271
10.3.10.5;8.10.5 Level of Collaboration;271
10.3.10.6;8.10.6 Effectiveness of the Regime for Port State Control;274
10.3.11;8.11 Conclusion;274
10.3.12; Notes;275
11;Part IV Conclusion: Power of the Sea from Coast to Coast;281
11.1;9 Prospects for Regional Cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region;283
11.1.1;9.1 Open Maritime Space or a Region;283
11.1.2;9.2 International Regimes and Ocean Governance;284
11.1.3;9.3 Effectiveness of Maritime Regimes in the Indian Ocean Region;286
11.1.4;9.4 Challenge to Building Good Order at Sea and Prospects for Regional Cooperation;288
11.1.5;9.5 Indian Ocean as a Regional Framework in International Relations;290
11.1.6;Notes;290
12;Appendix A: List of Persons Contacted;293
12.1;Interviews/Formal/Informal Discussions in Australia;293
12.2;Interviews/Formal/Informal Discussions in Indonesia;293
12.3;Other Interviews/Formal/Informal Discussions;294
13;Appendix B: Coding and Classification of IOGOOS Annual Reports;295
13.1;Use of Wef QDA Software;295
13.2;Example;295
13.3;Actor Behaviour/Leadership (ACBEL);296
13.4;Power-Based/Structured (POBAS);298
13.5;Interest-Based/Entrepreneurial (INBAE);299
13.6;Knowledge-Based/Intellectual (KNBAI);302
13.7;Structure Over Time (STROT);303
13.8;Signification/Level of Concern (SIGLOC);303
13.9;Legitimisation/Contractual Environment (LEGCOE);309
13.10;Domination/Capacity of Governments (DOMCOG);310
13.11;Broader Consequences Across Space (BREAS);317
13.12;State Learning/Unit Level (SLUL);320
13.13;Regional Cooperation/Subsystem level (RCSSL);323
13.14;International Cooperation/System Level (ICSL);325
13.15;Stages of Regime Formation (STAREGFOR);328
13.16;Agenda Formation (AGFOR);328
13.17;Institutional Choice (INCHO);336
13.18;Operationalisation (OPSTA);340
13.19;Process of Regime Formation (PROREGFOR);348
13.20;Imposition (IMPOS);349
13.21;Negotiation (NEGOT);351
13.22;Self-Generation (SELFG);351
14;Appendix C: Intra-Indian Ocean Trade (in USD Millions)2001 to 2007;352
15;Appendix D: Intra-Indian Ocean Exports by Value (in USD Millions) by Country 2001;359
16;Appendix E: Intra-Indian Ocean Exports by Value (in USD Millions) by Country 2002;360
17;Appendix F: Intra-Indian Ocean Exports by Value (in USD Millions) by Country 2003;361
18;Appendix G: Intra-Indian Ocean Exports by Value (in USD Millions) by Country 2004;362
19;Appendix H: Intra-Indian Ocean Exports by Value (in USD Millions) by Country 2005;363
20;Appendix I: Intra-Indian Ocean Exports by Value (in USD Millions) by Country 2006;364
21;Appendix J: Intra-Indian Ocean Exports by Value (in USD Millions) by Country 2007;365
22;Appendix L: Indian Ocean Countries Port State Control Inspection Data 2001 to 2006;369
23;Bibliography;376
24;Index;401