Hackney Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Principles and Practice
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-0-12-809691-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 136 Seiten

Reihe: Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry

A new volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice focuses on the basic and applied aspects of energy metabolism in humans. Concise and scientific, yet intelligible to the nonscientist, the book consists of two parts. Part I, Introduction: Basics and Background, provides the biochemistry necessary to understand the rest of the book and describes analytical processes and results as an aid to grasping the science. Part II, Applications: Knowledge into Practice, explores measurement techniques for metabolism, energy expenditure of various activities, techniques that enhance expenditure, metabolic adaptation, foods and drugs that enhance expenditure, and the role of bioanalytical chemistry in future research in exercise and sport. Discussion of the benefits of exercise and practices for improving the capacity to perform exercise is illustrated by many useful and entertaining examples. This volume allows readers to come away with a grasp of the scientific concepts, how they are manifested in research techniques, and how the results of research can be applied in the real world of public health and personal development. The Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series is published in partnership with RTI International and edited by Brian F. Thomas. Please be sure to check out our other featured volumes: - Thomas, Brian F. and ElSohly, Mahmoud. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis: Quality Assessment, Assurance, and Regulation of Medicinal Marijuana and Cannabinoid Preparations, 9780128046463, December 2015. - Tanna, Sangeeta and Lawson, Graham. Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence, 9780128054635, April 2016. - Rao, Vikram, Knight, Rob, and Stoner, Brian. Sustainable Shale Oil and Gas: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Geochemistry Methods, 9780128103890, forthcoming September 2016. - Farsalinos, Konstantinos, et al. Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles, 9780128112410, forthcoming November 2016. - Provides readers with the fundamental biochemistry and some elements of the physiology behind physical activity/exercise and describes the analytical techniques used to elucidate the science - Written in clear, concise, compelling prose that is neither simplistic to scientists nor too sophisticated for a large, diverse global audience - A one-page Close-Up in each chapter illustrates key topics to catch, engage, entertain, and create a novel synthesis of thought

Dr. Anthony C. Hackney is a Professor of Exercise Physiology and Nutrition at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research group studies how stress affects the hormonal responses of the endocrine system. In particular, his focus is on the dysfunctions and dysregulations that develop from stress exposures which can ultimately compromise physiological responses and adaptations. Dr. Hackney is an editor and author of the successful books Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport and Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women, as well as author of the Elsevier book Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed research papers and book chapters, given over 150 national and international scientific conference presentations, and has had current and previous research projects funded by the National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense, USAID, and the National Academy of Sciences. He is an Editorial Board member for five exercise science, sports medicine, and physiology journals; has done visiting professorships in Uruguay, Kosovo, Norway, New Zealand, Germany, and Estonia; and is on the Board of Directors of the Center for the Study of Retired Athletes, UNC-CH. A recipient of three Fulbright Scholar awards, he was named Fellow, American Academy of Kinesiology (2010), Montoye Research Scholar, the American College of Sports Medicine (2015), Fellow, Huffines Institute for Sports Medicine (2015), and Kean-Pogue Senior Research Scholar, University of North Carolina (2016), among other honors and awards.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hackney, Anthony C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Dedication;6
5;Contents;8
6;Foreword;12
7;Preface;14
8;Acknowledgments;16
9;I. Introduction: Basics and Background;18
9.1;1 Energy and Energy Metabolism;20
9.1.1;Energy;20
9.1.2;Energy Transformation;20
9.1.3;Chemical Energy of the Body;21
9.1.4;Enzymes;21
9.1.5;Energy Consumption;22
9.1.6;Energy Transformation in Exercise;22
9.1.7;References;27
9.2;2 Energy Metabolism of Macronutrients During Exercise;28
9.2.1;Overview of Metabolic Energy Pathways;28
9.2.2;Carbohydrate Metabolic Pathways;28
9.2.2.1;Nutrients into Glucose;28
9.2.2.2;Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain;30
9.2.3;Lipid Metabolic Pathways;32
9.2.4;Protein Metabolism Pathways;33
9.2.4.1;Transamination and Oxidative Deamination;35
9.2.4.2;BCAA and Glucose Cycles;36
9.2.5;Bioenergetics;36
9.2.6;References;39
9.3;3 Regulation of Energy Metabolism During Exercise;40
9.3.1;Overview of Control Systems;40
9.3.2;Central Mechanisms—Neuroendocrine;41
9.3.2.1;The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS);41
9.3.2.2;Does the Brain Really Control Everything?;44
9.3.3;Peripheral Mechanisms—Internal Milieu and Allosteric Modulation;44
9.3.4;Running Out of Energy;45
9.3.5;References;47
10;II. Applications: Knowledge into Practice;48
10.1;4 Measurement Techniques for Energy Expenditure;50
10.1.1;Historical Background;50
10.1.2;Laboratory Based;50
10.1.2.1;Direct Calorimetry;50
10.1.2.2;Indirect Calorimetry;51
10.1.2.2.1;Oxygen Uptake;52
10.1.2.2.2;Gas Concentration Measurement;52
10.1.2.3;Doubly Labeled Water (DLW) Technique Using Stable Isotopes;54
10.1.3;Field Based;54
10.1.3.1;Calculation Formulas;54
10.1.3.2;Physical Activity Questionnaires;55
10.1.3.3;Activity Monitors;56
10.1.3.3.1;Heart Rate Monitors;56
10.1.3.3.2;Motion Sensors;56
10.1.4;Limitations and Errors in Measurements and Estimations;57
10.1.5;References;59
10.2;5 Energy Expenditure at Rest and During Various Types of Physical Activity;60
10.2.1;Energy Expenditure and Utilization Concepts;60
10.2.2;Metabolic Rate in the Resting State;60
10.2.3;Metabolic Rate During Ordinary Living Activities and During Exercise;62
10.2.4;Thermic Effect of Food;62
10.2.5;Examples of Energy Expenditure During Various Activities;63
10.2.6;Estimation of Exercise Energy Expenditure: Metabolic Calculations and Formulas;64
10.2.7;Factors Influencing RMR Energy Expenditure;65
10.2.7.1;Age;65
10.2.7.2;Gender;66
10.2.7.3;Obesity;66
10.2.7.4;Miscellaneous;67
10.2.8;References;68
10.3;6 Energy Storage, Expenditure, and Utilization: Components and Influencing Factors;70
10.3.1;Energy Balance Equation;70
10.3.2;Effect of Physical Activity on the EBE;72
10.3.2.1;Effect on EI;72
10.3.2.2;Effect on EO;73
10.3.3;Exercise Intensity and Substrate Utilization;73
10.3.4;The Crossover Concept and Exercise Energy Metabolism;74
10.3.5;Implications of the Crossover Concept;75
10.3.6;Limitation of Exercise Alone in Achieving Negative Energy Balance;77
10.3.7;Environmental Influences on Energy Expenditure: Geography and Climate Matter;77
10.3.8;References;80
10.4;7 Exercise Training and Metabolic Adaptation;82
10.4.1;Exercise Training Principles;82
10.4.2;Exercise Training Adaptation;83
10.4.3;Aerobic Training;84
10.4.3.1;Cellular — Tissue Adaptations;85
10.4.3.2;Changes in Substrate Utilization;88
10.4.4;Anaerobic and Resistance Training;90
10.4.4.1;Cellular — Tissue Adaptations;92
10.4.4.2;Changes in Substrate Utilization;93
10.4.5;Mechanisms of Muscular Fatigue;94
10.4.6;References;98
10.5;8 Pharmacologic and Nutritional Substances to Enhance Performance or Produce Weight Loss;100
10.5.1;Adaptogenic Herbs;100
10.5.2;Amino Acids;101
10.5.3;Anabolic Steroids;102
10.5.4;Caffeine;103
10.5.5;Ephedrine;104
10.5.6;Erythropoietin—Blood Doping;105
10.5.7;Levothyroxine;106
10.5.8;Metreleptin;107
10.5.9;Sibutramine;108
10.5.10;Vitamins and Minerals;108
10.5.11;World Anti-Doping Agency Testing Program;110
10.5.12;References;112
10.6;9 Bottom Line: Why Should I Exercise?;114
10.6.1;What to Expect When Everything Goes Right;114
10.6.2;What to Expect When Everything Goes Wrong;116
10.6.2.1;Injuries and the Recovery Process;116
10.6.2.1.1;Soft-Tissue Injuries;117
10.6.2.1.2;Other Injuries;119
10.6.3;Prevention: Tips for Success;121
10.6.4;References;123
10.7;10 Future Scientific Research in Exercise and Sport and the Role of Bioanalytical Chemistry;124
10.7.1;Analytical Technology Advances;124
10.7.2;Future Trends and Research Priorities;126
10.7.3;What Are the Health Challenges of Tomorrow?;127
10.7.4;Conclusion;127
10.7.5;References;129
11;Index;130
12;Back Cover;137