Endemism in Vascular Plants

2014
ISBN: 978-94-007-6912-0
Verlag: Springer

Buch, Englisch, 348 Seiten, Format (B × H): 160 mm x 241 mm, Gewicht: 7342 g

Reihe: Plant and Vegetation

The book is the first comprehensive analysis of the macroecology and geobotany of endemic vascular plants with case-studies and analyses from different regions in the world. Endemism is a pre-extinction phenomenon. Endemics are threatened with extinction. Due to international nature conservation policies and due to the perception of the public the concept’s importance is increasing. Endemism can result from different biological and environmental processes. Depending on the process conservation measures should be adapted. Endemic vascular plant taxa, in the setting of their species composition and vegetation types are important features of landscapes and indicators of the quality of relating habitats. The book is an important basis for biologists, ecologists, geographers, planners and managers of nature reserves and national parks, and people generally interested in nature conservation and biogeography of vascular plants.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hobohm, Carsten

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Biodiversität
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Botanik Pflanzenökologie
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltschutz, Umwelterhaltung
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Naturschutzbiologie, Biodiversität
• Geowissenschaften Geographie | Raumplanung Biogeographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Part I. The Meaning of Endemism
1. The Increasing Importance of Endemism: Responsibility, the Media and Education
Carsten Hobohm & Caroline M. Tucker
1.1. What is endemism?
1.2. The Increasing Importance of Endemism in the Media
1.3. Endemism, Responsibility and Education
2. How to Quantify Endemism
Carsten Hobohm & Caroline M. Tucker
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Number of Individuals (N)
2.3. Number of Taxa (E)
2.4. Proportion of Endemics (E/S)
2.5. Bykow`s Index of Endemism (BI)
2.6. Density, Endemic Species Diversity in Space (E/A)
2.7. Endemics-Area-Relationships (EARs)
2.8. Range-Size Rarity (RSR) and weighted endemism (WE, CWE)
2.9. Parsimony Analysis of Endemism (PAE)
2.10. Phylogentic Measures of Endemism (PE)
2.11. Habitat Preferences (E/H)
2.12. Perception of Endemics

Part II. Endemic Vascular Plants over Time
3. Factors that Create and Increase Endemism
Ines Bruchmann & Carsten Hobohm
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Neo- and Paleoendemism
3.3. Constancy and Change
3.4. Age of the Geological Substrate and Landscape
3.5. Dispersal, Isolation, Hard and Soft Boundaries
3.6. Growth of Phylogenetic Trees and Evolutionary Speed
4. Factors that Threaten and Reduce Endemism
Ines Bruchmann & Carsten Hobohm
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Extinctions in the Past and Recent Threats
4.3. Disturbance of Habitats
4.4. Biological Resource Use
4.5. Invasive and Other Problematic Species
4.6. Climate Change
4.7. Problems of Reproduction
4.8. Biotic Crisis and Conservation of Endemic Vascular Plants

Part III. Endemic Vascular Plants in Space
5. Biogeography of Endemic Vascular Plants – Overview
Carsten Hobohm, Ines Bruchmann, Monika Janišová, Jan Jansen & Uwe Deppe
5.1. Latitudinal, Longitudinal, Radial and Altitudinal Gradients
5.2. Oceanic Islands, Continental Islands and Mainland Regions
5.3. Endemism in Relation to Habitat
6. Endemism on Islands - Case Studies
6.1. Juan Fernández Islands
Andres Moreira-Muñoz & Sergio Elórtegui
6.2. Madeira Islands
Miguel de Sequeira & Carsten Hobohm
6.3. Corsica, Mediterranean
Carsten Hobohm
6.4. Madagascar
Carsten Hobohm
6.5. Comparison of endemism and habitat affinities on Juan Fernández Islands, Madeira Archipelago, Tenerife and Corsica
Carsten Hobohm
7. Endemism in Mainland Regions - Case Studies
7.1. Endemism in an Ecotone: from Chaparral to Desert in Baja California, Mexico
Sula E. Vanderplank
7.2. Ecuador
Carsten Hobohm
7.3. Central Chile Ecoregion
Andrés Moreira-Muñoz
7.4. Europe`s Mainland
Carsten Hobohm
7.5. Turkey
Gerhard Pils
7.6. High Mountain Regions of Iran
Jalil Noroozi
7.7. The Role of Edaphic Substrate Versus Altitudinal Climate in Endemic Plant Distribution Patterns in the Cape Midlands Escarpment, Eastern Cape, South Africa
V. Ralph Clark & Nigel P. Barker
7.8. Taxonomic Composition and Spatial Pattern of Endemic Seed Plant Species in Southwest China
Wenjing Yang, Jihong Huang & Keping Ma
7.9. Habitats of Tertiary Relict Trees in China
Cindy Q. Tang

Part IV. Endemism in Vascular Plants – Synthesis
Ines Bruchmann, Monika Janišová, Cindy Q. Tang, Caroline M. Tucker, Sula Vanderplank, Nigel P. Barker, V. Ralph Clark, Uwe Deppe, Sergio Elórtegui, Carsten Hobohm, Jihong Huang, Jan Jansen, Keping Ma, Andres Moreira-Muñoz, Masahiko Ohsawa, Jalil Noroozi, Gerhard Pils, Miguel de Sequeira, Marinus J.A. Werger, Wenjing Yang & Yongchuan Yang

Appendix
Glossary