Huston Fundamentals of Biomechanics

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4665-1038-8
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 470 Seiten

Biomechanics is a fundamental topic of study that employs the principles of mechanics applied to human systems and organs. This textbook provides a comprehensive survey of this increasingly important subject. After a review of terminology, a summary of human anatomy, and a presentation of anthropometric data, the text discusses methods for biomechanical analyses including essential mathematics, mechanics, and modeling techniques. It then covers tissue biomechanics, kinematics and dynamics of human body models, and applications such as lifting, walking, swimming, and accident victim simulation. Each chapter contains reference lists for more in-depth study and problems sets with solutions.

Zielgruppe

Undergraduate students in biomedical engineering departments and mechanical engineering departments taking an introductory course in biomechanics, graduate students in biomedical engineering and mechanical engineering, and researchers and practitioners in biomechanics and human factors/ergonomics.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Huston, Ronald L.

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Technik Allgemein Ergonomie, Barrierefreiheit
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Angewandte Biologie Biophysik
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Angewandte Physik Biophysik
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Medizintechnik, Biomedizintechnik, Medizinische Werkstoffe
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Medizintechnik, Biomedizintechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction
Principal Areas of Biomechanics
Approach in This Book
Problem
References

Review of Human Anatomy and Some Basic Terminology
Gross (Whole-Body) Modeling
Position and Direction Terminology
Terminology for Common Movements
Skeletal Anatomy
Major Joints
Major Muscle Groups
Anthropometric Data
Problems
References

Methods of Analysis I: Review of Vectors, Dyadics, Matrices,and Determinants
Vectors
Vector Algebra: Addition and Multiplication by Scalars
Vector Algebra: Multiplication of Vectors
Dyadics
Matrices/Arrays
Determinants
Relationship of 3 × 3 Determinants, Permutation Symbols,and Kronecker Delta Functions
Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, and Principal Directions
Maximum and Minimum Eigenvalues and the Associated Eigenvectors
Use of MATLAB®
Elementary MATLAB® Operations and Functions
Problems
References

Methods of Analysis II: Forces and Force Systems
Forces: Vector Representations
Moments of Forces
Moments of Forces about Lines
Systems of Forces
Special Force Systems
Principle of Action–Reaction
References

Methods of Analysis III: Mechanics of Materials
Concepts of Stress
Concepts of Strain
Principal Values of Stress and Strain
Two-Dimensional Example: Mohr’s Circle
Elementary Stress–Strain Relations
General Stress–Strain (Constitutive) Relations
Equations of Equilibrium and Compatibility
Use of Curvilinear Coordinates
Review of Elementary Beam Theory
Thick Beams
Curved Beams
Singularity Functions
Elementary Illustrative Examples
Listing of Selected Beam Displacement and Bending Moment Results
Magnitude of Transverse Shear Stress
Torsion of Bars
Torsion of Members with Noncircular and Thin-Walled Cross Sections
Energy Methods
Problems
References

Methods of Analysis IV: Modeling of Biosystems
Multibody (Lumped Mass) Systems
Lower-Body Arrays
Whole-Body, Head/Neck, and Hand Models
Gross-Motion Modeling of Flexible Systems
Problems
References

Tissue Biomechanics
Hard and Soft Tissue
Bones
Physical Properties of Bone
Bone Development (Wolff’s Law)
Bone Failure (Fracture and Osteoporosis)
Muscle Tissue
Cartilage
Ligaments/Tendons
Scalp, Skull, and Brain Tissue
Skin Tissue
Problems
References

Kinematical Preliminaries: Fundamental Equations
Points, Particles, and Bodies
Particle, Position, and Reference Frames
Particle Velocity
Particle Acceleration
Absolute and Relative Velocity and Acceleration
Vector Differentiation, Angular Velocity
Two Useful Kinematic Procedures
Configuration Graphs
Use of Configuration Graphs to Determine Angular Velocity
Application with Biosystems
Angular Acceleration
Transformation Matrix Derivatives
Relative Velocity and Acceleration of Two Points Fixed on a Body
Singularities Occurring with Angular Velocity Componentsand Orientation Angles
Rotation Dyadics
Euler Parameters
Euler Parameters and Angular Velocity
Inverse Relations between Angular Velocity and Euler Parameters
Numerical Integration of Governing Dynamical Equations
Problems
References

Kinematic Preliminaries: Inertia Force Considerations
Applied Forces and Inertia Forces
Mass Center
Equivalent Inertia Force Systems
Problems

Human Body Inertia Properties
Second Moment Vectors, Moments, and Products of Inertia
Inertia Dyadics
Sets of Particles
Parallel Axis Theorem
Eigenvalues of Inertia: Principal Directions
Eigenvalues of Inertia: Symmetrical Bodies
Application with Human Body Models
Problems
References

Kinematics of Human Body Models
Notation, Degrees of Freedom, and Coordinates
Angular Velocities
Generalized Coordinates
Partial Angular Velocities
Transformation Matrices: Recursive Formulation
Generalized Speeds
Angular Velocities and Generalized Speeds
Angular Acceleration
Mass Center Positions
Mass Center Velocities
Mass Center Accelerations
Summary: Human Body Model Kinematics
Problems
References

Kinetics of Human Body Models
Applied (Active) and Inertia (Passive) Forces
Generalized Forces
Generalized Applied (Active) Forces on a Human Body Model
Forces Exerted across Articulating Joints
Contribution of Gravity (Weight) Forces to the GeneralizedActive Forces
Generalized Inertia Forces
Problems
References

Dynamics of Human Body Models
Kane’s Equations
Generalized Forces for a Human Body Model
Dynamical Equations
Formulation for Numerical Solutions
Constraint Equations
Constraint Forces
Constrained System Dynamics
Determination of Orthogonal Complement Arrays
Problems
References

Numerical Methods
Governing Equations
Numerical Development of the Governing Equations
Outline of Numerical Procedures
Algorithm Accuracy and Efficiency
Problems
Reference

Simulations and Applications
Review of Human Modeling for Dynamic Simulation
Human Body in Free Space: A "Spacewalk"
Simple Weight Lift
Walking
15.5 Swimming
Crash-Victim Simulation I: Modeling
Crash-Victim Simulation II: Vehicle Environment Modeling
Crash-Victim Simulation III: Numerical Analysis
Burden Bearing: Waiter/Tray Simulations
Other Applications
Problems
References
Appendix: Anthropometric Data Tables
Glossary
Bibliography
Index

Über Autor(innen)

Ronald L. Huston is a Distinguished Research Professor in the School of Dynamic Systems, College of Engineering and Applied Science, at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio.