International Business Transactions

2. Auflage 2021
ISBN: 978-1-79248-694-4
Verlag: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company

Buch, Englisch, 277 Seiten, Paperback

This textbook provides an overview of current international business patterns and the laws surrounding such patterns, with an emphasis on what makes them different from domestic ones. A significant force underlying the internationalization of the world economy has been the rapid, sustained growth of international business, both in the traditional form of international trade and in the newer forms of multinational, global, and transnational business.The design of this book is to provide the student with a basic understanding of the major rules governing cross-border commercial transactions in the contexts of both substantive and procedural law. It is written from a pragmatic point of view to give the student more than just the theoretical components of international business transactions.In the context of procedural law, topics covered include international contracts, international sales, international finance, international transportation, and tax. This text covers the various types of structures used to conduct international business, the types of contracts in international transactions, trade terms, required documents for payments, shipping, transportation, and banking. It also explains tax structures, tax evasion vs. avoidance, and the various updated international tax policies recommended by the Organization for Economic and Cooperation Development (OECD).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fachgebiete

• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Betriebswirtschaft Betriebswirtschaft: Theorie & Allgemeines
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Betriebswirtschaft Unternehmensfinanzen

Inhaltsverzeichnis

- Introduction
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1 Business Structures
- Introduction
- Ethical Considerations 1.1
- Liability
- Various Business Structures
- Comparing Joint Ventures
- Piercing the Corporate Veil
- Several Actions That May Justify the "Piercing of the Corporate Veil"
- Franchise
- Sale of Products Through Resale Models
- Operating Company (OpCo)/Holding Company (HoldCo)
- Entering a Foreign Jurisdiction—US Case Study*
- Facts and Assumptions
- Potential Structures
- Ethical Considerations 1.2
- Summary
- International Business Structures in Sweden, Germany, Russia, France & Japan
- Accuracy of China Foreign Jurisdiction
- Entering a Foreign Jurisdiction—China Case Study
- The Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise (WFOE)
- Joint Ventures
- Variations of a JV
- Hong Kong Holding Company
- Entering a Foreign Jurisdiction–Brazil & Germany Case Studies
- Joint Venture
- Contractual Joint Venture
- Wholly Owned Subsidiaries
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 2 Contracts
- International Contract Law
- The Role of Contracts in Private International Law
- Cultural Differences
- Balance of Power
- Enforcement and Remedies
- Principles of International Contract Law
- History of International Law
- International Organizations and Treaties
- International Chamber of Commerce
- Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
- Ethical Considerations 2.1
- Pre-Contractual Liability
- 1. Contracts in Common and Civil Law System - Four Corners Rule
- 2. Promissory Estoppel
- 3. Culpa in contrahendo (Fault in Conclusion of a Contract)
- 4. Pre-Contractual Instruments
- Frustration
- 1. Frustration of Purpose
- 2. Impossibility
- 3. Commercial Impracticability
- 4. Anticipatory Repudiation
- Frustration Around the World
- Force Majeure (Unforeseen Circumstance)
- Material Adverse Change
- Contractual Clauses
- Governing Law
- 1. Choice of Law
- 2. Choice of Forum (Jurisdiction)
- Other Clauses
- COVID-19
- Limitations Period
- Intellectual Property and Licensing
- Dispute Resolution
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 3 Dispute Resolution
- Introduction
- Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
- Enforcement of Arbitral Awards
- Ethical Considerations 3.1
- Litigation
- Jurisdiction
- Jurisdiction and Litigation in the United States vs. Canada
- Ethical Considerations 3.2
- Decision Tree
- Jurisdiction and Court System in Russia
- Governing Law Clauses
- Different Types of Clauses
- Ethical Considerations 3.3
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 4 Finance
- Introduction
- Payment Methods of International Trade
- Cash-in-Advance (Prepayment)
- Open Account (Direct Payment)
- Letters of Credit (Documentary Credit)
- Documentary Collection
- Ethical Considerations 4.1
- Bill of Exchange
- Origins of Bills of Exchange
- Bills of Exchange Today
- Laws Governing Bills of Exchange
- Bills of Exchange in Other Parts of the World
- Bill of Lading
- Consignment
- Drafts
- Sight Draft
- Time Draft
- Acceptance
- Negotiable Instruments
- Letter of Credit
- Types of Letters of Credit
- Independent Principle
- Benefits of a Letter of Credit
- Consequences of Not Obtaining a Letter of Credit
- Parties to a Letter of Credit Transaction
- Contracts in a Letter of Credit Transaction
- Four-Party Transaction with a Letter of Credit
- Three-Party Transaction with a Letter of Credit
- Laws Applicable to the Letter of Credit
- Letters of Credit Characteristics
- Confirmed and Unconfirmed Letters of Credit
- Ten Rules Regarding International Letters of Credit
- Common Discrepancies found in Letters of Credit
- Obligation of Banks
- Strict Compliance
- Typical Documents Required in a Letter of Credit
- Types and Conditions of Letters of Credit
- Back-to-Back Letter of Credit
- Standby Letter of Credit
- Optional Parties in a Letter of Credit Transaction
- Freight Forwarder
- Surveyors
- Alternative Methods of Guaranteeing Performance
- Performance Bond
- Bid Bonds
- Credit Surety
- Retention Fund
- Demand Guarantee
- Factoring and Forfaiting
- Factoring
- Forfaiting
- Countertrade
- Barter
- Buyback
- Counter Purchase
- Offset Agreement
- Tolling
- Swap
- Production Sharing
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 5 Liability of Carriers of Goods and Passengers
- Introduction
- Air Carriage
- International Air Carrier Liability
- Beginnings of International Air Transportation
- Conventions
- Ethical Considerations 5.1
- Montreal Convention, Article 1
- Montreal Convention, Article 17
- Air Carriers and Accidents
- Atlas Air Flight 3591
- International Air Travel Embarking and Disembarking
- Montreal Convention and the Types of Afforded Damages
- US Death on the High Seas Act and Punitive Damages for International Air Carriers
- Other Types of Damages
- Jurisdiction and Statute of Limitations Issues
- Damages for Personal Belongings and Cargo Losses
- Pets on Airplanes
- Sea Carriage
- Liability Uncertainties
- Governing Rules
- Containers
- Shipping Pallets
- Customary Freight Unit
- Exceptions to the Package Limitation
- Due Diligence Required Under COGSA
- Seaworthy Requirement
- Burden of Proof Required Under COGSA
- Conclusion
- Chapter 6 Incoterms
- Introduction
- Historical Introduction to Incoterms
- What have we learned so far about Incoterms?
- Iterations of Incoterms
- Overview of Incoterms 2010
- Overview of Incoterms 2020
- Incoterms Examination and Analysis
- Rules for Any Mode of Transport
- Rules for Sea and Inland Waterway Transport
- Incoterms Liability & Risk Transfers
- Diagrams
- A Strong Note of Caution
- Incoterms 2020 vs. the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)
- Common Mistakes Made When Using Incoterms
- Practical Application
- Other Issues of Concern
- Ethical Considerations 6.1
- Conclusion
- Chapter 7 Intellectual Property
- Introduction
- Patents
- Definition of a Patent
- Ethical Considerations 7.1
- Patentability
- Subject Matter
- Business Methods
- Application Process
- Infringement of Patent Protection
- Trademarks
- Definition of a Trademark
- Types of Trademarks
- Alternates to Trademarks
- Trademarks Act
- Ethical Considerations 7.2
- Ethical Considerations 7.3
- Non-Traditional Trademarks
- Exclusions from Trademark Protection
- Obtaining Trademark Protection
- Trademark Infringement
- Trademark Dilution
- Remedies
- Copyrights
- Definition of Copyright
- Copyright Owner vs. Author
- Forms of Copyright Expression
- Exclusions from Copyright Protection
- Copyright Protection
- Requirements for Copyright Protection
- Registering a Copyright
- Rights of a Copyright Owner
- Bundle of Rights
- Moral Rights
- Copyright Registration
- Copyright Infringement and Exemptions
- Copyright Collectives
- Legality of Posting Videos and Copyright with Creative Commons
- Illegal Downloading from the Internet
- How Canadian Law Views Online Video Streaming
- Industrial Design
- Definition of Industrial Design
- Industrial Design Registration Process
- Trade Secrets
- Definition of a Trade Secret
- Protection and Infringement
- Comparing Areas of Intellectual Property
- Transfer of Intellectual Property
- Reasons for Transferring Intellectual Property
- Transfer Arrangements
- Common Licensing Clauses
- Other License Agreement Considerations
- International Protection for Intellectual Property
- Reasons for the Existence of International Protection
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
- Berne Convention
- Universal Copyright Convention (UCC)
- Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
- Rome Convention
- Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 8 Tax
- Introduction
- Taxable Entities
- Taxation
- Taxation and Income Levels
- Basic Charging Provision
- Income Tax Bases
- Income Categories
- Residence of Individuals
- Temporary Absences
- Deemed Residents
- 183 Day Rule
- Dual Residency
- Residence of Corporations
- Taxation of Non-Residents
- Space at Disposal
- Agency
- Place of Management
- Severing Residential Ties
- Short-term Residents & Departure Tax
- Double Taxation
- Tax Treaties
- Tax Avoidance
- Ethical Considerations 8.1
- Tax Haven
- Tax Evasion
- Tax Planning
- Double Irish and Dutch Sandwich
- Electronic Commerce
- Permanent Establishment
- Cloud-Based Infrastructure
- Base Erosion and Profit Sharing
- Ring-Fencing
- BEPS Framework
- Multilateral Instrument
- Trusts
- Offshore Trusts
- Residence of Trusts
- Dividends
- Chapter Summary