Global Challenges, Consequences, and Prospects
Buch, Englisch, 560 Seiten, Format (B × H): 168 mm x 246 mm, Gewicht: 1021 g
ISBN: 978-1-119-00910-8
Verlag: Wiley
The sustainable use of natural resources is an important global challenge, and improved metal sustainability is a crucial goal for the 21st century in order to conserve the supply of critical metals and mitigate the environmental and health issues resulting from unrecovered metals.
Metal Sustainability: Global Challenges, Consequences and Prospects discusses important topics and challenges associated with sustainability in metal life cycles, from mining ore to beneficiation processes, to product manufacture, to recovery from end-of-life materials, to environmental and health concerns resulting from generated waste. The broad perspective presented highlights the global interdependence of the many stages of metal life cycles. Economic issues are emphasized and relevant environmental, health, political, industrial and societal issues are discussed. The importance of applying green chemistry principles to metal sustainability is emphasized.
Topics covered include:
• Recycling and sustainable utilization of precious and specialty metals
• Formal and informal recycling from electronic and other high-tech wastes
• Global management of electronic wastes
• Metal reuse and recycling in developing countries
• Effects of toxic and other metal releases on the environment and human health
• Effect on bacteria of toxic metal release
• Selective recovery of platinum group metals and rare earth metals
• Metal sustainability from a manufacturing perspective
• Economic perspectives on sustainability, mineral development, and metal life cycles
• Closing the Loop – Minerals Industry Issues
The aim of this book is to improve awareness of the increasingly important role metals play in our high-tech society, the need to conserve our metal supply throughout the metal life cycle, the importance of improved metal recycling, and the effects that unhindered metal loss can have on the environment and on human health.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Nachhaltigkeit
- Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Abfallbeseitigung, Abfallentsorgung
- Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Bergbau, Hüttenwesen
- Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltmanagement, Umweltökonomie
- Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Metallurgie
- Geowissenschaften Geologie Wirtschaftsgeologie
Weitere Infos & Material
List of Contributors xvii
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
1 Recycling and Sustainable Utilization of Precious and Specialty Metals 1
Reed M. Izatt and Christian Hagelüken
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 How did we come to this Situation? 4
1.3 Magnitude of the Waste Problem and Disposal of End-of-Life Products 7
1.4 Benefits Derived by the Global Community from Effective Recycling 8
1.5 Urban Mining 13
1.6 Technologies for Metal Separations and Recovery from EOL Wastes 16
1.7 Conclusions 19
References 21
2 Global Metal Reuse, and Formal and Informal Recycling from Electronic and Other High-Tech Wastes 23
Ian D. Williams
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Metal Sources 24
2.3 E-waste 28
2.4 Responses to the E-waste Problem 29
2.5 Reuse of Metals from High-tech Sources 31
2.6 Recycling of Metals from High-tech Sources 36
2.7 Conclusions 46
References 47
3 Global Management of Electronic Wastes: Challenges Facing Developing and Economy-in-Transition Countries 52
Oladele Osibanjo, Innocent C. Nnorom, Gilbert U. Adie, Mary B. Ogundiran, and Adebola A. Adeyi
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 E-waste Composition 56
3.3 E-waste Generation 61
3.4 Problems with E-waste 63
3.5 E-waste Management Challenges Facing Developing Countries 65
3.6 Environmental and Health Impacts of E-Waste Management in Developing Countries 71
3.7 Solutions for Present and Future Challenges 73
3.8 Conclusions 77
References 78
4 Dynamics of Metal Reuse and Recycling in Informal Sector in Developing Countries 85
Mynepalli K. C. Sridhar and Taiwo B. Hammed
4.1 Introduction 85
4.2 Science of Metals 86
4.3 Technosphere, Demand and Mobility of Metals 89
4.4 Waste Dumpsites and Treasures of Heavy Metals 92
4.5 Scrap Metal and Consumer Markets 96
4.6 Export of Metal Scrap 99
4.7 E-waste Scavenging and End-of-Life Management 102
4.8 Scrap Metal Theft 105
4.9 Conclusions 106
References 106
5 Metal Sustainability from Global E-waste Management 109
Jinhui Li and Qingbin Song
5.1 Introduction 109
5.2 E-Waste Issues 109
5.3 E-Waste Management in China 112
5.4 Recycling of Metals Found in E-waste 119
5.5 Challenges and Efforts in Metal Sustainability in China 124
5.6 Summary 127
5.7 Acknowledgment 130
References 131
6 E-waste Recycling in China: Status Quo in 2015 134
Martin Streicher-Porte, Xinwen Chi, and Jianxin Yang
6.1 Introduction 134
6.2 Formal E-waste Collection and Recycling System in China 135
6.3 Informal E-waste Collection and Recycling 139
6.4 Conclusions 146
References 147
7 Metallurgical Recovery of Metals from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in PRC 151
Xueyi Guo, Yongzhu Zhang, and Kaihua Xu
7.1 Introduction 151
7.2 Major Sources of E-Waste in China 152
7.3 Strategies and Regulations for WEEE Management and Treatment 153
7.4 Recycling and Processing of WEEE 159
7.5 Current Issues in WEEE Treatment in China 167
7.6 Conclusions 167
References 168
8 Metal Pollution and Metal Sustainability in China 169
Xiaoyun Jiang, Shengpei Su, and Jianfei Song
8.1 Introduction 169
8.2 Heavy Metal Pollution in China 170
8.3 Metal Sustainability in China 185
8.4 Metal Sustainability in China: Future Prospects 192
References 193
9 Mercury Mining in China and its Environmental and Health Impacts 200
Guangle Qiu, Ping Li, and Xinbin Feng
9.1 Introduction 200
9.2 Mercury Mines and Mining 201
9.3 Mercury in the Environment 202
9.4 Human Exposure and Health Risk Assessment 211
9.5 Summary 216
References 216
10 Effects of Non-Essential Metal Releases on the Environment and Human Health 221
Peter G.C. Campbell and Jürgen Gailer
10.1 Introduction 221
10.2 Metal Biogeochemical Cycles 222
10.3 Metal Environmental Toxicology 226
10.4 Case Study: Cadmium 229
10.5 Chronic Low-Level Exposure of Human Populations to Non-Essential Metals 232
References 243
11 How Bacteria are Affected by Toxic Metal Release 253
Mathew L. Frankel, Sean C. Booth, and Raymond J. Turner
11.1 Introduction to Bacteria in the Environment 253
11.2 Bacterial Interactions with Metals 255
11.3 Bacterial Response to Toxic Metals 257
11.4 How Are Metals Toxic to Bacteria? 261
11.5 Conclusions 265
References 265
12 Application of Molecular Recognition Technology to Green Chemistry: Analytical Determinations of Metals in Metallurgical, Environmental, Waste, and Radiochemical Samples 271
Yoshiaki Furusho, Ismail M.M. Rahman, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Neil E. Izatt
12.1 Introduction 271
12.2 Technologies Used for Green Chemistry Trace Element Analysis 272
12.3 Elemental Analysis Instrumentation 273
12.4 Arsenic Speciation in Food Analysis 275
12.5 Metal Separation Resins and Their Application to Elemental Analyses 275
12.6 Green Chemistry Analytical Applications of Metal Separation Resins 279
12.7 Conclusions 288
References 290
13 Ionic Liquids for Sustainable Production of Actinides and Lanthanides 295
Paula Berton, Steven P. Kelley, and Robin D. Rogers
13.1 Introduction 296
13.2 f-Element Chemistry in Ionic Liquids 297
13.3 Applications of Ionic Liquids in f-Element Isolation 298
13.4 Summary 308
13.5 Acknowledgments 308
References 309
14 Selective Recovery of Platinum Group Metals and Rare Earth Metals from Complex Matrices Using a Green Chemistry/Molecular Recognition Technology Approach 317
Steven R. Izatt, James S. McKenzie, Ronald L. Bruening, Reed M. Izatt, Neil E. Izatt, and Krzysztof E. Krakowiak
14.1 Introduction 317
14.2 Molecular Recognition Technology 319
14.3 Strengths of Molecular Recognition Technology in Metal Separations 320
14.4 Applications of Molecular Recognition Technology to Separations Involving Platinum Group Metals 322
14.5 Applications of Molecular Recognition Technology to Separations Involving Rare Earth Elements 327
14.6 Comparison of Opex and Capex Costs for Molecular Recognition Technology and Solvent Extraction in Separation and Recovery of Rare Earth Metals 330
14.7 Conclusions 331
References 331
15 Refining and Recycling Technologies for Precious Metals 333
Tetsuya Ueda, Satoshi Ichiishi, Akihiko Okuda, and Koichi Matsutani
15.1 Introduction 333
15.2 Precious Metals Supply and Demand 334
15.3 Autocatalysts (Pt, Pd, Rh) 337
15.4 Electronic Components 344
15.5 Catalysts for Fuel Cell Application 349
15.6 Extraction and Refining Technologies for Precious Metals 355
15.7 Conclusions 359
References 360
16 The Precious Metals Industry: Global Challenges, Responses, and Prospects 361
Michael B. Mooiman, Kathryn C. Sole, and Nicholas Dinham
16.1 Introduction: The Precious Metals Industry 361
16.2 Current and Emerging Challenges 365
16.3 Responding to the Challenges: Mitigating Approaches and New Developments 380
16.4 Concluding Remarks: A Long-Term View of the Precious Metals Industry 388
References 389
17 Metal Sustainability from a Manufacturing Perspective: Initiatives at ASARCO LLC Amarillo Copper Refinery 397
Luis G. Navarro, Tracy Morris, Weldon Read, and Krishna Parameswaran
17.1 Introduction 397
17.2 General Overview of Sustainability from the Copper Industry Perspective 398
17.3 A Brief History of ASARCO LLC 399
17.3.1 Asarco’s Footprint in Amarillo, Texas 399
17.4 How Refined Copper Is Produced 400
17.5 Introduction to Physical Chemistry of Copper Electrorefining 402
17.6 Electrolyte Purification 404
17.8 Other Sustainable Development Efforts at ACR 419
17.9 Conclusions 421
References 422
18 Sustainability Initiatives at ASARCO LLC: A Mining Company Perspective 424
Dr. Krishna Parameswaran
18.1 Introduction 424
18.2 What is Sustainable Mining? 425
18.3 Exploration 427
18.4 Innovative Reclamation Methods 436
18.5 Reclamation of San Xavier Tailings Storage Facilities and Waste Rock Deposition Areas 441
18.6 Fostering Renewable Energy Projects on Disturbed Lands 442
18.7 Utilization of Mining Wastes 448
18.8 Conclusions 450
References 451
19 Recycling and Dissipation of Metals: Distribution of Elements in the Metal, Slag, and Gas Phases During Metallurgical Processing 453
Kenichi Nakajima, Osamu Takeda, Takahiro Miki, Kazuyo Matsubae, and Tetsuya Nagasaka
19.1 Introduction: Background, Motivation, and Objectives 453
19.2 Method: Chemical Thermodynamic Analysis of the Distribution of Elements in the Smelting Process 454
19.3 Element Distribution Tendencies in Recycling Metals 456
19.4 Metallurgical Knowledge for Recycling: Element Radar Chart for Metallurgical Processing 463
References 465
20 Economic Perspectives on Sustainability, Mineral Development, and Metal Life Cycles 467
Roderick G. Eggert
20.1 Introduction 467
20.2 The Many Faces of Sustainability 468
20.3 Economic Concepts 469
20.4 Implications for Mine Development 471
20.5 Implications for Regional and National Mineral Development 473
20.6 Implications for Metal Life Cycles, Material Efficiency, and the Circular Economy 476
20.7 What to Do? 481
Acknowledgments 482
References 483
21 Closing the Loop: Minerals Industry Issues 485
William J. Rankin and Nawshad Haque
21.1 Introduction 485
21.2 The Waste Hierarchy 486
21.3 Reducing and Eliminating Wastes 487
21.4 Tools for Closing the Loop 497
21.5 Closing the Loop: Barriers and Drivers 503
References 505
Index 508
