Jabbar Sustainable Jute-Based Composite Materials

Mechanical and Thermomechanical Behaviour
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-319-65457-7
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 108 Seiten

Reihe: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology

This book shows how jute waste is collected from industry and used as a cheaper source to extract and use cellulose. Novel environment-friendly methods are explored for surface modification of natural fibers. The advantages of using biocomposites are listed and the author shows how they can be used effectively as secondary structural parts.

Abdul Jabbar is a PhD scholar in the Department of Material Engineering Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic and a lecturer at the National Textile University Faisalabad, Pakistan. 

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jabbar, Abdul

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Acknowledgements;7
3;Contents;8
4;1 Introduction;11
4.1;Abstract;11
4.2;1.1 Background;11
4.3;1.2 Objectives of Research;12
4.4;References;13
5;2 Literature Review;15
5.1;Abstract;15
5.2;2.1 Natural Fiber Composites;15
5.3;2.2 Natural Fibers and Their Classification;15
5.4;2.3 Chemical Composition and Structure of Plant-Based Natural Fibers;16
5.4.1;2.3.1 Cellulose;19
5.4.2;2.3.2 Hemicelluloses;19
5.4.3;2.3.3 Lignin;20
5.4.4;2.3.4 Pectin;21
5.5;2.4 Bast Fibers;21
5.6;2.5 A Brief Overview of Jute Fiber;24
5.7;2.6 Natural Fibers Reinforced Composites in Automotives;25
5.8;2.7 Polymer Matrices;27
5.8.1;2.7.1 Thermosets;28
5.8.2;2.7.2 Thermoplastics;28
5.8.3;2.7.3 Rubber Matrices;28
5.8.4;2.7.4 Bio-based Polymer Matrices;29
5.9;2.8 Jute Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites;29
5.10;2.9 Micro-/Nanocellulose Filler Composites;31
5.11;2.10 Surface Treatments of Natural Fibers;32
5.11.1;2.10.1 Chemical Treatment of Natural Fibers;33
5.11.1.1;2.10.1.1 Alkali Treatment;33
5.11.1.2;2.10.1.2 Silane Treatment;34
5.11.1.3;2.10.1.3 Acetylation Treatment;35
5.11.1.4;2.10.1.4 Benzoylation Treatment;35
5.11.1.5;2.10.1.5 Peroxide Treatment;35
5.11.1.6;2.10.1.6 Permanganate Treatment;35
5.11.1.7;2.10.1.7 Isocyanate Treatment;36
5.11.1.8;2.10.1.8 Maleated Coupling Agents;36
5.11.1.9;2.10.1.9 Graft Copolymerization;36
5.11.2;2.10.2 Physical Treatments of Natural Fibers;36
5.11.2.1;2.10.2.1 Plasma Treatment;37
5.11.2.2;2.10.2.2 Corona Treatment;37
5.11.2.3;2.10.2.3 Steam Explosion;38
5.11.3;2.10.3 Biological Treatments of Natural Fibers;38
5.11.3.1;2.10.3.1 Enzyme Treatment;38
5.11.3.2;2.10.3.2 Fungi Treatment;39
5.11.3.3;2.10.3.3 Treatment with Bacterial Nanocellulose;39
5.12;2.11 Creep in Natural Fiber Composites;40
5.13;2.12 Creep Models;43
5.14;References;45
6;3 Research Methodology;52
6.1;Abstract;52
6.2;3.1 Materials;52
6.3;3.2 Methodology;53
6.3.1;3.2.1 Chemical Pretreatment of Jute Fabric and Waste Jute Fibers;53
6.3.2;3.2.2 Pulverization of Waste Jute Fibers;54
6.3.3;3.2.3 Purification and Extraction of Cellulose from Waste Jute Fibers and Nanocellulose Coating;54
6.3.4;3.2.4 Treatment Methods;56
6.3.4.1;3.2.4.1 Enzyme Treatment;56
6.3.4.2;3.2.4.2 Ozone Treatment;56
6.3.4.3;3.2.4.3 Laser Treatment;57
6.3.4.4;3.2.4.4 Plasma Treatment;57
6.3.5;3.2.5 Preparation of Composites;57
6.3.6;3.2.6 Characterization and Testing;59
6.3.6.1;3.2.6.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM);59
6.3.6.2;3.2.6.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Particle Size Distribution;59
6.3.6.3;3.2.6.3 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD);60
6.3.6.4;3.2.6.4 Mechanical Testing;60
6.3.6.4.1;Tensile and Flexural Tests;60
6.3.6.4.2;Fatigue Test;61
6.3.6.4.3;Fracture Toughness;62
6.3.6.5;3.2.6.5 Creep Test;62
6.3.6.6;3.2.6.6 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis;64
6.3.6.7;3.2.6.7 Creep Modeling;65
6.4;References;65
7;4 Effect of Pulverized Micro Jute Fillers Loading on the Mechanical, Creep, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Jute/Green Epoxy Composites;66
7.1;Abstract;66
7.2;4.1 Overview;66
7.3;4.2 Results and Discussion;67
7.3.1;4.2.1 Characterization of Jute Fibers;67
7.3.2;4.2.2 Tensile Properties;69
7.3.3;4.2.3 Flexural Properties;70
7.3.4;4.2.4 Short-Term Creep;70
7.3.5;4.2.5 Time–Temperature Superposition (TTS);73
7.3.6;4.2.6 Dynamic Mechanical Properties;76
7.4;4.3 Summary;77
7.5;References;78
8;5 Extraction of Nanocellulose from Waste Jute Fibers and Characterization of Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Nanocellulose-Coated Jute/Green Epoxy Composites;80
8.1;Abstract;80
8.2;5.1 Overview;80
8.3;5.2 Results and Discussion;81
8.3.1;5.2.1 SEM Study of Chemically Treated Jute Fibers and Jute Cellulose Nanofibrils;81
8.3.2;5.2.2 Surface Topology of Nanocellulose-Coated Jute Fabric;83
8.3.3;5.2.3 XRD Analysis of Jute Fibers;83
8.3.4;5.2.4 Tensile Properties;84
8.3.5;5.2.5 Flexural Properties;86
8.3.6;5.2.6 Fatigue Life;86
8.3.7;5.2.7 Fracture Toughness;88
8.3.8;5.2.8 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis;91
8.4;5.3 Summary;93
8.5;References;93
9;6 Flexural, Creep and Dynamic Mechanical Evaluation of Novel Surface-Treated Woven Jute/Green Epoxy Composites;95
9.1;Abstract;95
9.2;6.1 Overview;95
9.3;6.2 Results and Discussion;96
9.3.1;6.2.1 SEM Observation of Jute Fibers After Surface Treatments;96
9.3.2;6.2.2 FTIR Analysis;96
9.3.3;6.2.3 Flexural Properties;98
9.3.4;6.2.4 Creep Behavior;98
9.3.5;6.2.5 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis;100
9.4;6.3 Summary;104
9.5;References;104
10;7 Conclusions and Future Work;106
10.1;Abstract;106
10.2;7.1 Mechanical Properties;106
10.3;7.2 Creep Behavior;107
10.4;7.3 Dynamic Mechanical Properties;107
10.5;7.4 Proposed Applications and Limitations;107
10.6;7.5 Future Work;108