Jerabek / Haas / Petersen The Early Days of Survey Research and Their Importance Today

1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-7003-2026-5
Verlag: new academic press
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 3, 312 Seiten

Reihe: Edition Sozialwissenschaften

Paul Felix Lazarsfeld ­ 1901 in Wien geboren, 1976 in New York gestorben

­ wurde in den USA zu einem der Gründerväter gleich mehrerer

Disziplinen: Soziologie, Politologie und Kommunikationswissenschaft.

Braumüller/nap legt den ersten Reader zu einem der ganz Großen der

modernen Sozialwissenschaften vor.Zu wenigen anderen Namen finden

sich in Personenregistern großer sozial- und

wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Studien so zahlreiche Eintragungen wie zu

Paul Felix Lazarsfeld. Dennoch: Anders als bei manchen seiner

Generationskollegen ­ Theodor W. Adorno, Siegfried Kracauer, Norbert

Elias oder Heinz Hartmann;Max Weber, Georg Simmel oder Helmuth Plessner ­

korrespondiert Lazarsfelds Rang und Bedeutung nicht mit seiner heutigen

Sichtbarkeit. So gibt es keine anspruchsvolle Edition seiner Werke und

auch keine Biografie. Selbst Einzelausgaben sind selten. Mit dem ersten

Band der neuen Braumüller-Reihe Edition Sozialwissenschaften liefert

Herausgeber Wolfgang Langenbucher eine umfassende Dokumentation von

Leben und Werk und eine angemessene Würdigung des Paul Felix Lazarsfeld.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jerabek, Hynek

Haas, Hannes

Petersen, Thomas

Richter, Rudolf

Weitere Mitwirkende

Haas, Hannes

Richter, Rudolf

Fachgebiete

• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Forschung und Information Forschungsmethodik, Wissenschaftliche Ausstattung
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Soziologie Allgemein Empirische Sozialforschung, Statistik
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Politische Kultur Öffentliche Meinung und Umfragen

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;5
2;Preface;9
3;Introduction;10
4;Acknowledgments;16
5;References;16
6;1 Six Examples of Collaboration Between Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Robert K. Merton;18
6.1;1. The Program Analyzer and the Focused Interview;19
6.2;2. “Mass Persuasion” and the “Firehouse Projects”;22
6.3;3. Patterns of Influence: “Influentials” – the Siblings of “Opinion Leaders”;25
6.4;4. Interplay of Theory and Empirical Research;27
6.5;5. Theory and Methodology in Teaching Seminars and “Friendship as a Social Process” as an Example;29
6.6;6. “A Professional School for Training in Social Research” (PFL and RKM 1950) and the Battle for a Model of Post-graduate Study (1952–1956);32
6.7;Conclusion: Two Evaluations of the Collaboration between Lazarsfeld and Merton;36
6.8;References;40
7;2 Paul Lazarsfeld: Marginality, Migration and the Institutionalization of Research;44
7.1;Importance;47
7.2;Methods and procedures;48
7.3;Columbia and dominance;53
7.4;The irony of marginality;55
7.5;Social change and the fate of ideas;57
7.6;References;58
8;3 Asking for Justifications: An Aspect of Paul Lazarsfeld’s “Reason Analysis”;59
8.1;An Observation about Emotive Trigger Events;61
8.2;A Commentary;63
8.3;References;63
9;4 Lazarsfeld’s Approach to Researching Audience;65
9.1;The Context of Media Research;65
9.2;Coverage Analysis;68
9.3;Audience Segmentation;68
9.4;Evaluative and Affective Reactions;69
9.5;Methods and Techniques;69
9.6;Program Analyzer;71
9.7;The Program Analyzer at Work;72
9.8;Customary Applications and the Later Use of the Program Analyzer;75
9.9;After the Program Analyzer;75
9.10;The Legacy of Lazarsfeld’s Approach;77
9.11;References;79
10;5 Straw Polls in the U. S.: Measuring Public Opinion 100 Years Ago;82
10.1;The Literary Digest;88
10.2;Business and Politics;90
10.3;Today’s business-news poll links;93
10.4;References;94
10.5;6Hadley Cantril’s Theoretical and Methodological Legacy in Current Public Opinion Research;101
10.6;Cantril as a Prominent Public Opinion Theorist;101
10.7;Toward Methodological Knowledge;104
10.8;Toward Relevant Research Outcomes;109
10.9;Conclusion;111
10.10;References;112
11;7 Three Stages in the Institutionalization of Empirical Social Research;116
11.1;1. A short review of literature on the institutionalization of ESR;116
11.2;2. General Model of Establishment of Empirical Social Research as Part of Academic Sociology;118
11.3;3. Twelve Key Decisions in Chicago – The First Stage in the Institutionalization of Empirical Social Research;118
11.4;4. Processing Mass Data: Survey Research – the Second Stage in the Institutionalization of Empirical Social Research;122
11.5;5. Survey Analysis: A New Strategy of Data Analysis – the Third Stage in the Institutionalization of Empirical Social Research;125
11.6;6. Empirical Social Research Is a Part of Academic Sociology – What Does This Mean?;130
11.7;References;132
12;8 Rediscovering the Prehistory of Social Research in Austria;135
12.1;Basic notions, broader ideas and methods;136
12.2;Social research and its tasks;140
12.3;Conclusion;142
12.4;References;143
13;9 Cenek Adamec and the Early Stages of Public Opinion Research in the Czech Lands;145
13.1;The Czechoslovak Institute for Public Opinion Research;146
13.2;Cenek Adamec;152
13.3;Theoretical and Methodological Questions;156
13.4;The Year 1948 and the End of the Institute;160
13.5;References;163
14;10 The Early Days of Survey Research in Latin America;166
14.1;The first surveys in Latin America and the “Office of Inter-American Affairs”;166
14.2;Debates within the U. S. State Department;166
14.3;Hadley Cantril: the founder of communication research in Latin America;167
14.4;“The Export Information Bureau” and its mass media research activities;169
14.5;The first scientific surveys in Brazil and Argentina;170
14.6;Frictions between the State Department and the OIAA;170
14.7;The cancellation of the contracts with 4 A’s;174
14.8;The Coordination Committees and research on the mass media in Latin America;174
14.9;Research conducted in the field of radio;176
14.10;Research conducted in the field of the press;177
14.11;Research in the field of motion pictures;178
14.12;Early survey research in Latin America – a balance;179
14.13;References;180
15;11 “The Obvious and Logical Way to Ascertain the Public’s Attitude Toward a Problem”: Roy Morgan and The Australian Gallup Poll, 1941–1973;182
15.1;The Gallup Method;184
15.2;Sampling;185
15.3;Weighting;190
15.4;Question formats;192
15.5;Defining the “problem”;194
15.6;Conclusion;197
15.7;References;198
16;12 Indirect and “Hidden” Surveys: An Almost Forgotten Survey Technique from the Early Years;202
16.1;The challenge of conducting surveys in an enemy country;202
16.2;The Canadian pilot study;203
16.3;The Moroccan study: experiences and consequences;206
16.4;The methodology of disguised interviewing;207
16.5;From disguised to open interviewing in occupied enemy countries;209
16.6;Research on the usefulness and validity of disguised interviewing after the war;211
16.7;Other forms and traditions of disguised interviewing;213
16.8;Final remarks;215
16.9;References;217
17;13 One of the Earliest Practical Applications of Survey Research: Surveys for Legal Evidence;219
17.1;The early days;220
17.2;Initial attempts to submit survey findings as legal evidence;222
17.3;The Struggle for Acceptance by the Courts;222
17.4;Transferring the survey method to Europe;225
17.5;References;227
18;14 The Art of Discovering Something Simple and New.The Role of Outsiders in the History of Social Research;229
18.1;Gottlieb Schnapper-Arndt;233
18.2;Adolf Levenstein;237
18.3;How does one go about discovering simple new things?;240
18.4;References;245
19;15 Imagination – The Philosophical Foundation of Survey Analysis;248
19.1;1 Imagination in Survey Analysis;249
19.2;2 Inspiration from the History of Science;254
19.3;Conclusion;259
19.4;References;259
20;16 Paul Lazarsfeld, Early Polling and the Internet: Pioneering Research as a Guide for Twenty-First Century Scholarship;261
20.1;Paul Lazarsfeld and the democratic experiment;262
20.2;A brief history of survey research: Gallup, Cantril and presidential autonomy;268
20.3;Public opinion expression in the 21 century and beyond;269
20.4;Conclusion;272
20.5;References;272
21;17 Pollsters as Entertainers in the SpotlightDo We Need Special Guidelines for Pollsters’ Appearance in the Media?;275
21.1;1 The historical development of pollsters’ role as experts in the media;276
21.2;2 Criticism of pollsters’ media appearances;279
21.3;3 Do we need special guidelines for pollsters’ media appearances?;280
21.4;References;281
22;18 Why Academic and Commercial Survey Research Institutes Must Not Drift Apart:Lessons to be Learned from the Early Days of Survey Research;284
22.1;The influence of academic research on survey methodology;288
22.2;The need for cooperation;292
22.3;References;294
23;Notes on Contributors;297
24;Index;301