Johansson / Lynøe Medicine & Philosophy

A Twenty-First Century Introduction
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-3-11-032136-4
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 475 Seiten

This textbook introduces the reader to basic problems in the philosophy of science and ethics, mainly by means of examples from medicine. It is based on the conviction that philosophy, medical science, medical informatics, and medical ethics are overlapping disciplines. It claims that the philosophical lessons to learn from the twentieth century are not that nature is a ‘social construction’ and that ‘anything goes’ with respect to methodological and moral rules. Instead, it claims that there is scientific knowledge, but that it is never completely secure; that there are norms, but that they are situation-bound; and that, therefore, it makes good sense to search for scientific truths and try to act in a morally decent way. Using philosophical catchwords, the authors advocate ‘fallibilism’ and ‘particularism’; a combination that might be called ‘pragmatic realism’.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Johansson, Ingvar

Lynøe, Niels

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Ethik, Moralphilosophie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;F2008 contents;5
2;F2008 foreword;7
3;F2008 chapter 1;9
4;F2008 chapter 2;15
4.1;We will distinguish between the question (i) how science develops and the question (ii) why it develops, i.e., what causes it to develop. ;16
4.2;(i) Does science always accumulate by adding one bit of knowledge to another, or are there sometimes discontinuities and great leaps in which the old house of knowledge has to be torn down in order to give room for new insights? The history of science se;16
4.3;(ii) When those who search for causes behind the scientific development think they can find some overarching one-factor theory, they quarrel with each other whether the causes are factors such as technological, economic, political, social, and cultural c;16
4.3.1;Pure externalist view 3 4;17
4.3.1.1;Figure 1: Anatomical structures drawn by Leonardo da Vinci ;20
4.4;2.3 Evolution and revolution;24
4.4.1;1883 The Streptococci bacterium Julius Rosenbach;41
4.4.2;1884 The Staphylococci bacterium Julius Rosenbach;41
4.4.3;1884 The Diphtheria bacterium Friedrich Loeffler;41
4.4.4;1884 The Tetanus bacterium Arthur Nicolaier;41
4.4.5;1885 The Escherich Coli bacterium Theodor Escherich;41
4.4.5.1;Figure 8: Cowpox infected blisters from the milkmaid, Sarah Nelmes.;44
4.4.5.1.1; Living yeast cells ;46
4.4.5.1.2;Living yeast cells Fermentation process is working;46
4.4.5.1.3;Dead yeast cells Fermentation process is not working;46
4.4.5.1.3.1;Reference list;49
5;F2008 chapter 3;51
6;F2008 chapter 4;99
6.1;4. What Does Scientific Argumentation Look Like?;99
6.2;The conclusion allows two different interpretations, one which turns the preceding inference into a deduction, and one which keeps it inductive. On the one hand, the conclusion can be interpreted as another way of stating only and exactly what is already;146
7;F2008 chapter 5;163
7.1;Reference list;179
8;F2008 chapter 6;181
8.1;6. The Clinical Medical Paradigm;181
8.2;Reference list;216
9;F2008 chapter 7;219
10;F2008 chapter 8;253
10.1;8. Pluralism and Medical Science;253
10.1.1;Reference list;273
11;F2008 chapter 9;275
11.1;Outside of very well integrated groups, it is hard to legislate about word meanings. In everyday discourse, words tend to take on a life of their own independent of any stipulations. This is important to remember when it comes to the words ‘ethics’, ‘mor;275
11.1.1; Duties to oneself Duties to others;282
11.1.2;Perfect duties Do not commit suicide! Do not make false promises! ;282
11.1.3;Imperfect duties Develop your talents! Help others!;282
11.2;Reference list;350
12;F2008 chapter 10;353
12.1;10. Medical Research Ethics;353
12.2;10.4 The Helsinki Declarations and research ethics committees;380
12.2.1;Informed consent ;383
12.2.1.1; Consent ;383
12.3;Event Research ethical reaction;385
12.4;Reference list;406
13;F2008 chapter 11;409
14;F2008 name index;472
14.1;Escherich, Theodor 33;472
14.2;Loeffler, Friedrich 33;473
14.3;Nicolaier, Arthur 33;474
14.4;Rosenbach, Julius 33;474