E-Book, Englisch, 310 Seiten, Format (B × H): 153 mm x 227 mm
Karlhofer / Pallaver Federal Power-Sharing in Europe
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-8452-8342-5
Verlag: Nomos
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
E-Book, Englisch, 310 Seiten, Format (B × H): 153 mm x 227 mm
ISBN: 978-3-8452-8342-5
Verlag: Nomos
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
This innovative volume marks the debut of an exhaustive political science typology of European power-sharing systems. It covers the EU as well as federal and quasi-federal regional states, such as Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, but also asymmetric cases from other European states with “constitutional” regions. A detailed and systematic focus is laid on the models and structures related to how powers are allocated, on the tensions between the centre and the periphery, on practical problems and power conflicts in selected policy areas as well as on reform proposals. An international team of authors analyses current developments at the European and national levels and draws lessons from comparative political science.
The editors are members of the Research Centre on Federalism at the University of Innsbruck.
With contributions by:
Dr. Maria Ackrén, Prof. Dr. Marco Brunazzo, Prof. Dr. César Colino, Prof. Dr. Srdjan Djordjevic, Dr. Malcolm Harvey, Prof. Ayudante Dr. Angustias Hombrado, ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr.Ferdinand Karlhofer, Dr. Soeren Keil, MMag Dr.Manfred Kohler, Dr. Sean Müller, Univ.-Prof. DDr. Günter Pallaver, Dr. Bettina Petersohn, Univ.-Prof. Dr.Simona Piattoni, Mag. Marija Radosavljevic, Prof. Dr.Roland Sturm, Prof. Dr. Adrian Vatter, Prof. Dr. Jens Woelk
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Cover;1
2; Part 1: Federal States;9
2.1; Austria: Federal Politics within and beyond the Constitutional Frame;11
2.1.1; I. Introduction;11
2.1.2; II. The making of the Austrian federation;12
2.1.3; III. Distribution of competences between restriction and compensation;16
2.1.3.1; A. Flexible constitution;16
2.1.3.2; B. A party-oriented form of federalism;17
2.1.3.3; C. Executive federalism;18
2.1.4; IV. Substate autonomy as opposed to federal state power;20
2.1.4.1; A. Subnational scope for action;21
2.1.4.2; B. Intergovernmental coordination: Land governors as veto players in the federal system;22
2.1.5; V. Federal relations between persistence and need for reform;24
2.1.5.1; A. Selected policy fields;24
2.1.5.1.1; 1. Public education;24
2.1.5.1.2; 2. Healthcare policy;25
2.1.5.1.3; 3. Finance relations;25
2.1.5.2; B. Land governors: Interests and logic of action;26
2.1.5.3; C. The federal system in need of reform;27
2.1.6; VI. The prospects of Austria’s real federalism;30
2.2; Federalism and Decentralisation in Switzerland;39
2.2.1; I. Introduction;39
2.2.2; II. Vertical power-sharing in Switzerland;41
2.2.2.1; A. Away from the minimal state (1848–1918) …;41
2.2.2.2; B. … towards the welfare state (1919–2008);44
2.2.2.3; C. Current division of power and institutional safeguards;46
2.2.3; III. The federal reform of 2008;51
2.2.3.1; A. Precursors;51
2.2.3.2; B. The federal reform of 2008;52
2.2.4; IV. Selected policy areas;55
2.2.4.1; A. Highways: newly centralised—or not?;55
2.2.4.2; B. Special schools: newly cantonalised—or not?;57
2.2.5; V. Conclusion;58
2.3; The Länder Lose Out. Competence Sharing in German Federalism;65
2.3.1; I. How Competences are allocated in Germany;65
2.3.1.1; A. Cooperative federalism and the dominant role of consensus in German politics;65
2.3.1.2; B. The powers of the federal level and the Länder;67
2.3.1.2.1; 1. Tax policies as a precondition for and consequence of centralised competence;68
2.3.1.2.2; 2. Financial support as a steering mechanism;70
2.3.1.3; C. The responsibilities of the German Länder;71
2.3.1.3.1; 1. Radio and TV;71
2.3.1.3.2; 2. Economic policies of the Länder;72
2.3.1.3.3; 3. Technology transfer;73
2.3.1.3.4; 4. The lottery monopoly;73
2.3.1.3.5; 5. Support for small and medium-sized enterprises (Mittelstand);74
2.3.1.3.6; 6. Police and home security;75
2.3.1.3.7; 7. Education policies;76
2.3.1.3.8; 8. Cultural policies;77
2.3.2; II. Reforms of the way responsibilities are shared between the federal level and the Länder;78
2.3.2.1; A. The devolution of powers;78
2.3.2.2; B. The 2006 federalism reforms;78
2.3.2.3; C. The 2009 federalism reforms;79
2.3.3; III. Summary and prospects;81
2.4; Belgium: A Role Model for Dual Federalism?;87
2.4.1; I. Introduction;87
2.4.2; II. The prelude to Belgian federalisation in 1993;88
2.4.3; III. The new federal structure of Belgium from 1993 to 2001: components, features and particularities;89
2.4.3.1; A. The Communities and Regions: Institutions and Responsibilities;91
2.4.3.2; B. The Regions and Communities at European Union level and the Council of Ministers especially;96
2.4.3.3; C. The asymmetry between exclusive political competence and the financial autonomy of Regions and Communities;99
2.4.3.4; D. Remnants of the unitary state: Provinces and Municipalities;102
2.4.3.5; E. Horizontal distribution of power at the federal level;103
2.4.4; IV. The legislative Branch: House of Representatives and Senate;104
2.4.5; V. The executive Branch: The Federal Government and the King;107
2.4.6; VI. The Judicial Branch;109
2.4.7; VII. The state reforms of 2013/14: furthering the trend towards regional autonomy;109
2.4.7.1; A. Senate reform;110
2.4.7.2; B. Synchronising election dates;111
2.4.7.3; C. Constitutive Autonomy for Brussels and the German-speaking Community;113
2.4.7.4; D. Changes to the distribution of competences and financial relations;113
2.4.8; VIII. Belgium: A role model for successful reforms in federalism?;115
2.5; In Search of Functionality and Acceptance: The Distribution of Competences in Bosnia and Herzegovina;119
2.5.1; I. Introduction;119
2.5.2; II. The “Twin Union State” of Dayton;121
2.5.2.1; A. The distribution of competences in Bosnia’s complex political system;121
2.5.2.2; B. Entities, cantons and municipalities;123
2.5.3; III. Distribution of competences;126
2.5.3.1; A. Structure of the distribution of competences;126
2.5.3.2; B. Implementing the distribution of competences—selected policy areas and finances;129
2.5.3.2.1; 1. Security and defence policy;130
2.5.3.2.2; 2. Citizenship and fundamental rights;132
2.5.3.2.3; 3. Finances;133
2.5.4; IV. Areas of competence: interpretation and control;134
2.5.5; V. Dynamics and change;136
2.5.5.1; A. Procedures for changing the distribution of competence;136
2.5.5.2; B. The extraordinary powers of the High Representative of the International Community;138
2.5.5.3; C. Reform of the distribution of competences;140
2.5.6; VI. Future prospects;142
3; Part 2: Regional States and European Union;147
3.1; Italy: The Pendulum of “Federal” Regionalism;149
3.1.1; I. Introduction and theoretical approach;149
3.1.2; II. Historical starting point and the Constitution of 1948;151
3.1.3; III. Regional emergence;155
3.1.4; IV. Sluggish reform process;157
3.1.5; V. The performance of the regions;163
3.1.5.1; A. The reforms of some public policy areas;164
3.1.6; VI. Constitutional reform and a new trend towards centralism;168
3.1.7; VII. Summary and explanatory model;171
3.2; Spain: Complexity, Counteracting Forces and Implicit Change;181
3.2.1; I. Introduction: The Spanish autonomic state and the historical development of power distribution;181
3.2.2; II. Theory and actual dynamics: finances and material and functional expansion and overlapping in exercising competences in various sectors;187
3.2.2.1; A. The role of public finance in the exercising of competences;190
3.2.2.2; B. Selected examples of the exercising of regional competences: decentralisation and centralisation without constitutional amendment;193
3.2.2.2.1; 1. Justice administration;194
3.2.2.2.2; 2. Foreign action;195
3.2.2.2.3; 3. Immigration;196
3.2.2.2.4; 4. Housing;196
3.2.2.2.5; 5. Labour relations;197
3.2.2.2.6; 6. Tourism;197
3.2.3; III. Reform and evolution of the distribution of competences: internal and external factors;198
3.2.3.1; A. General consideration;198
3.2.3.2; B. The effects of the recent crisis on competences and reform prospects: reinforcing previous tendencies?;200
3.2.4; IV. Conclusions;202
3.3; Devolution in the United Kingdom: An Ongoing Process;207
3.3.1; I. Introduction;207
3.3.2; II. Accommodating the distribution of competences in the political system;208
3.3.2.1; A. Scotland;209
3.3.2.2; B. Wales;210
3.3.2.3; C. Northern Ireland;211
3.3.2.4; D. London;212
3.3.3; III. Exercising powers—selected examples;213
3.3.3.1; A. Devolved finances;213
3.3.3.2; B. Policy divergence;214
3.3.3.3; C. Policy convergence;216
3.3.3.4; D. Conflicting competence;217
3.3.4; IV. Competence reform;218
3.3.4.1; A. Wales;218
3.3.4.2; B. Scotland;221
3.3.5; C. Northern Ireland;223
3.3.5.1; D. England;225
3.3.6; V. A complex picture;226
3.4; Island Autonomies—Constitutional and Political Developments;229
3.4.1; I. Introduction;229
3.4.2; II. Structure of the distribution of powers;231
3.4.2.1; A. The Åland Islands;232
3.4.2.2; B. The Faroe Islands;234
3.4.2.3; C. Greenland;236
3.4.2.4; D. The Portuguese Islands of the Azores and Madeira;238
3.4.3; III. The procedure of amendments regarding autonomous status;240
3.4.4; IV. Exercising powers—the islands’ relationships with the EU;242
3.4.5; V. Conclusions;245
3.5; Political and Territorial Autonomy of Vojvodina in Serbia;251
3.5.1; I. Introductory notes;251
3.5.2; II. The previous constitution of Serbia;253
3.5.3; III. The political environment during the adoption of the new Serbian constitution;254
3.5.4; IV. Modern constitutional problems of Vojvodina's autonomy;256
3.5.5; IV. Conclusion;261
3.6; Federal Power-Sharing in the European Union;265
3.6.1; I. Introduction;265
3.6.2; II. Visions of federal polities;266
3.6.3; III. Visions of multi-level policies;272
3.6.4; IV. The division of competences between EU institutions and member states;278
3.6.5; V. The normative justification of the Union;279
4; Part 3: Synopsis and Conclusions;289
4.1; Power-Sharing on the Move: Change, Reform and Creeping Centralisation in Europe’s Federal and Regional Systems;291
4.1.1; I. Introduction;291
4.1.2; II. Federal structures;293
4.1.3; III. Social basis;295
4.1.4; IV. The role of political parties;297
4.1.5; V. Coordination and cooperation;300
4.1.6; VI. Developments and trends: federal and regional systems under pressure to reform themselves;301
4.1.7; VII. Summary;304
5; List of Authors;309
