WOOD

Structure and Properties
Erscheinungsjahr 2006
ISBN: 978-0-87849-487-3
Verlag: Trans Tech Publications

Buch, Englisch, 419 Seiten, Format (B × H): 170 mm x 240 mm, Gewicht: 600 g

One of the oldest construction materials is wood which, technically speaking, belongs to the group of polymer matrix composites; one which is conveniently and expertly produced by Nature. Due to its organic cell-type structure, the density of wood remains modest. Thus, as its strength and stiffness can - in certain cases - attain remarkable values, its levels of specific strength and stiffness (absolute strength or stiffness divided by density) can reach magnitudes which are competitive with those of other construction materials. It is demonstrated, for instance, that the specific strength of wood in the axial direction can exceed those of low-carbon steel and concrete. Its specific stiffness can also be comparable to those of aluminum alloys and low-carbon steels, and is better than that of concrete. In constructional design, especially in the dimensioning of supports, the values of specific strength and stiffness are of utmost importance.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kettunen, Pentti O.

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Technologie der Holzverarbeitung

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Dedication
Motto
Preface
Contents
Symbols and Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Structure of Wood
1.1 Macroscopic Structure
1.2 Microstructure
1.3 Structure of the Cell Wall
1.4 Constituents of the Structure of Cell Walls
1.5 Arrangement of the Structural Components in the Cell Wall
1.6 The Branches
1.7 Cell Structure of the Outer Surface
1.8 Structural Defects
2. Liquids in the Structure of Wood
2.1 Motion of Liquids in the Structure of a Living Tree
2.2 Moisture of Wood
2.3 Moisture Content of Timber
2.4 Measurement of Moisture. 2.5 The Influence of Moisture on the Dimensions of Wood
2.6 Exercises
3. Density
3.1. Essence of Density. Factors Having an Influence on the Density
3.2 Porosity
3.3 Exercises
4. Thermal Properties. 4.1. Linear Thermal Expansion
4.2 Hygrothermal Deformation
4.3 Thermal Conductivity
4.4 Thermal Insulation
4.5 Specific Heat. 4.6 Heat Value
4.7 Thermal Diffusivity. 4.8 Comparison of the Thermal Properties of Wood and other Materials
4.9 Summary of the Thermal Properties
4.10 Exercises
5. Mechanical Properties. 5.1. Elastic and Anelastic Properties
5.2 Strength under Monotonic Short-Term Loading
5.3. Creep, Strain and Strength under Long-Term Unidirectional Constant Loading
5.4 Fatigue
5.5 Strength under Repeated Unidirectional Loading
5.6 Fracture and Fracture Strength
5.7 Summary of the Mechanical Properties
5.8 Exercises
6. Electrical Properties
6.1 Conductivity and Resistivity
6.2 Permittivity
6.3 Power Factor
6.4 Dielectric Strength. 6.5 Piezoelectricity
6.6 Exercises
7. Acoustic Properties
7.1 Speed of Sound
7.2 Absorption of Sound Waves and other Vibrations
7.3 Intensity of Sound. 7.4 Impedance, Reflection Factor and other Acoustic Properties
7.5 Exercises
8. Deterioration of Wood
8.1 Degradation and Damage Caused by Living Nature
8.2 Degradation Caused by Lifeless Nature
8.3 Deterioration Caused by Handling
8.4 Exercises
9. Chemical Degradation
9.1 Degradation of the Structural Constituents
9.2. Degradation by Corrosion
9.3. Exercises
10. Summary
11. Closing Words
References
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3