Khan Accelerated Bridge Construction

Best Practices and Techniques
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-0-12-407225-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 656 Seiten

The traveling public has no patience for prolonged, high cost construction projects. This puts highway construction contractors under intense pressure to minimize traffic disruptions and construction cost. Actively promoted by the Federal Highway Administration, there are hundreds of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) construction programs in the United States, Europe and Japan. Accelerated Bridge Construction: Best Practices and Techniques provides a wide range of construction techniques, processes and technologies designed to maximize bridge construction or reconstruction operations while minimizing project delays and community disruption. - Describes design methods for accelerated bridge substructure construction; reducing foundation construction time and methods by using pile bents - Explains applications to steel bridges, temporary bridges in place of detours using quick erection and demolition - Covers design-build systems' boon to ABC; development of software; use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) - Includes applications to glulam and sawn lumber bridges, precast concrete bridges, precast joints details; use of lightweight aggregate concrete, aluminum and high-performance steel

Dr. Khan has more than 35 years of experience as a structural and bridge engineer, project and design manager for transportation and industrial clients. Ali has supervised numerous design projects on behalf of the New Jersey Department of Transportation, New Jersey Turnpike Authority, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Maryland State Highway Administration and Washington Metropolitan Area Transportation Authority

Autoren/Hrsg.

Khan, Mohiuddin Ali

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Accelerated Bridge
Construction;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Contents;6
5;Preface;12
5.1;Objectives;13
5.2;Need to incorporate growing technologies;14
5.3;Track record of successful bridge design and construction;14
5.4;Conference proceedings & periodicals on bridge engineering;15
5.5;Study of FHWA, AASHTO, ACI, PCA, AISC, NCHRP, and TRB publications;15
6;Section 1 -
Innovative Construction Methods;16
6.1;Chapter 1 -
Introduction to Modern Accelerated Bridge Construction;18
6.1.1;1.1 Rapid construction and early delivery of bridges;18
6.1.2;1.2 A review of the many aspects of ABC philosophy and benefits to society;27
6.1.3;1.3 Scope of ABC work;30
6.1.4;1.4 Multiple factors that may affect ABC progress and benefits;37
6.1.5;1.5 ABC planning for new and replacement bridges;40
6.1.6;1.6 Urgency in fixing defective bridges;47
6.1.7;1.7 Impact of ABC on long-term life-cycle costs;59
6.1.8;1.8 Recent advancements in ABC methods, literature, and design codes;60
6.1.9;1.9 Using advanced management techniques in ABC;62
6.1.10;1.10 Conclusions for developing and promoting ABC;64
6.2;Chapter 2 - Recent Developments in ABC Concepts;68
6.2.1;2.1 Application of ABC concepts;68
6.2.2;2.2 A practical approach to solving ABC issues;70
6.2.3;2.3 Variations in ABC methods;73
6.2.4;2.4 Advantages of ABC drawings and contract documents;76
6.2.5;2.5 Accelerated management;77
6.2.6;2.6 Accelerated bridge rehabilitation;79
6.2.7;2.7 Asset management after identifying SD bridges;81
6.2.8;2.8 Inspection programs;90
6.2.9;2.9 Bridges on waterways;93
6.2.10;2.10 Funding allocations for structurally deficient bridges;95
6.2.11;2.11 Grand challenges by the AASHTO technical committee for construction (T-4);108
6.2.12;2.12 Design-build contracts and role played by the Design-Build Institute of America;110
6.2.13;2.13 Types of contracts;112
6.2.14;2.14 The Construction Management General Contractor Institute;115
6.2.15;2.15 The Construction Industry Institute;115
6.2.16;2.16 Conclusions for ABC and design–build contracts;116
6.3;Chapter 3 - Research and Training in ABC Structural Systems;118
6.3.1;3.1 Background;118
6.3.2;3.2 Variations in structural systems and scope of work;119
6.3.3;3.3 SHM and prioritization of bridges for rehabilitation and replacement;128
6.3.4;3.4 ABP leads to ABC;132
6.3.5;3.5 Compliance with environmental permit regulations;139
6.3.6;3.6 Insurances against liabilities;139
6.3.7;3.7 Utility coordination prior to and during construction;140
6.3.8;3.8 ABC for railway bridges;141
6.3.9;3.9 Choosing the accelerated construction route in New Jersey;142
6.3.10;3.10 FHWA innovative techniques;144
6.3.11;3.11 Surges in transportation publications and workshops;148
6.3.12;3.12 Continuing education, training and research in ABC;149
6.3.13;3.13 Training in emergency and disaster management;154
6.3.14;3.14 Webinars on ABC at FIU;155
6.3.15;3.15 Seminar on ABC at Philadelphia Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE;162
6.3.16;3.16 Design-Build Institute of America’s training programs in promoting design-build methods;163
6.3.17;3.17 The need for a national center devoted to ABC;163
6.3.18;3.18 Research challenges for developing ABC technology;163
6.3.19;3.19 Conclusions on identifying the ways and means to promote ABC structural systems;171
6.4;Chapter 4 - Innovative ABC Techniques;174
6.4.1;4.1 Maintaining the right-of-way philosophy with accelerated bridge construction;174
6.4.2;4.2 Ensuring adequate investment returns;185
6.4.3;4.3 Modern concrete technology and accelerated bridge construction;188
6.4.4;4.4 Recent innovations leading to faster bridge delivery;193
6.4.5;4.5 Development of diverse repair technologies;199
6.4.6;4.6 New materials and technology;200
6.4.7;4.7 Modern equipment;202
6.4.8;4.8 Fiber-reinforced polymer concrete;203
6.4.9;4.9 Lightweight concrete;210
6.4.10;4.10 Prefabricated bridge decks and overlays;213
6.4.11;4.11 Use of recycled concrete aggregate;220
6.4.12;4.12 Applications of innovative precast members;222
6.4.13;4.13 Alternatives to concrete materials;223
6.4.14;4.14 Use of other recyclable materials;224
6.4.15;4.15 Conclusions;225
7;Section 2 - Recent Developments in
ABC Concepts;228
7.1;Chapter 5 - Modular Bridge Construction Issues;230
7.1.1;5.1 Prefabricated bridge elements and systems;230
7.1.2;5.2 General prefabrication criteria;233
7.1.3;5.3 Promoting prefabrication by FHWA and others;237
7.1.4;5.4 Advancements in prefabrication technology by AASHTO and the prestressed concrete institute;238
7.1.5;5.5 Prefabricated steel girders;245
7.1.6;5.6 Precast components for substructures;252
7.1.7;5.7 Miscellaneous prefabricated bridge elements;254
7.1.8;5.8 Alternative use of hybrid-composite beam;255
7.1.9;5.9 Essential deck overlays for improving riding surface quality;258
7.1.10;5.10 Types of rapid bridge construction;259
7.1.11;5.11 ABC presents challenging and technically sensitive issues;260
7.1.12;5.12 Use of new construction materials;264
7.1.13;5.13 Proprietary manufacturing companies;266
7.1.14;5.14 Further case studies of prefabricated bridges;267
7.1.15;5.15 Conclusions for prefabricated bridges;269
7.2;Chapter 6 - Rapid Bridge Insertions Following Failures;272
7.2.1;6.1 Introduction;272
7.2.2;6.2 Bridge failures can be prevented by asset management methods of ABC;274
7.2.3;6.3 Inspection and rating procedures as a starting point for maintenance;276
7.2.4;6.4 Probability of failure and risk management;279
7.2.5;6.5 Failure studies of conventional bridges;284
7.2.6;6.6 History of failures during construction and case studies;287
7.2.7;6.7 Vulnerability to failure of U.S. bridges;298
7.2.8;6.8 Rapid insertion/emergency replacement methods using ABC;302
7.2.9;6.9 Accelerated bridge replacement (ABR);307
7.2.10;6.10 Recent progress made with successful completion of ABC;310
7.2.11;6.11 Curved girders instability in unbraced erection conditions;314
7.2.12;6.12 Costs of bridge failures and funding allocations;320
7.2.13;6.13 Conclusions;321
7.3;Chapter 7 - ABC Planning and Resolving ABC Issues;324
7.3.1;7.1 Our failing infrastructure and transportation problems;324
7.3.2;7.2 Planning bridges on new routes and replacements on existing routes;331
7.3.3;7.3 Role of government agencies in maintaining infrastructure;336
7.3.4;7.4 Engineers meeting the need to replace or rehabilitate bridges;339
7.3.5;7.5 Progress in design build, prefabrication, and the role of the construction manager/general contractor;347
7.3.6;7.6 MPT during construction;350
7.3.7;7.7 Action required by environmental engineer;351
7.3.8;7.8 Improved aesthetics;352
7.3.9;7.9 Design-related issues;353
7.3.10;7.10 States across the country implementing ABC;356
7.3.11;7.11 Overview of maintenance procedures;359
7.3.12;7.12 Increasing the service life of bridges;359
7.3.13;7.13 Practical examples of Pennsylvania and New Jersey bridges;362
7.3.14;7.14 Conclusions;364
8;Section 3 -
Modular Bridges;366
8.1;Chapter 8 - Prefabrication of the Superstructure;368
8.1.1;8.1 Introduction;368
8.1.2;8.2 Continuous reconstruction of nationwide bridges;371
8.1.3;8.3 Developments in ABC technology;374
8.1.4;8.4 The stakeholders in promoting rapid construction;374
8.1.5;8.5 Environmental impact, guidelines, historic sites, and transportation;376
8.1.6;8.6 Case studies of a variety of bridges using PBES in the United States;378
8.1.7;8.7 Notable progress in the United States;379
8.1.8;8.8 Selecting and optimizing the girder shape;380
8.1.9;8.9 Selected examples of successful application of precast construction;405
8.1.10;8.10 Use of lightweight concrete for girders (a win–win situation);406
8.1.11;8.11 Deck overlay options;408
8.1.12;8.12 Use of ABC outside USA;408
8.1.13;8.13 Publications;410
8.1.14;8.14 Conclusions;411
8.2;Chapter 9 - Prefabrication of the Substructure and Construction Issues;414
8.2.1;9.1 Rapid substructure construction a greater challenge than that of rapid superstructure;414
8.2.2;9.2 An overview of rapid substructure construction;416
8.2.3;9.3 Design of precast substructure elements;421
8.2.4;9.4 Substructure construction techniques using SPMT units;421
8.2.5;9.5 Case studies of prefabricated substructures;425
8.2.6;9.6 Additional bridges with precast concrete substructures;426
8.2.7;9.7 FHWA listed bridges with prefabricated substructures;437
8.2.8;9.8 ABC alternative contracting methods;439
8.2.9;9.9 Construction specifications and details for accelerated completion;444
8.2.10;9.10 Precast structure elements guidelines;448
8.2.11;9.11 Important sheet checklist;449
8.2.12;9.12 Toolkit of innovative designs for rapid bridge renewal;451
8.2.13;9.13 Environmental issues with ABC;452
8.2.14;9.14 Conclusions;453
8.3;Chapter 10 - Alternative ABC Methods and Funding Justification;458
8.3.1;10.1 Priority needs and replacement costs;458
8.3.2;10.2 Study of traffic volume, traffic counts, and traffic maps;461
8.3.3;10.3 Structural performance of existing bridges;463
8.3.4;10.4 Review of infrastructure health by FHWA and ASCE;466
8.3.5;10.5 ABC application in asset management;469
8.3.6;10.6 Evaluating the condition of state bridges and funding;476
8.3.7;10.7 Need for timely project funding;477
8.3.8;10.8 Value engineering goals in ABC;483
8.3.9;10.9 Policy making and scope of ABC reconstruction;486
8.3.10;10.10 Innovative techniques and new applications;497
8.3.11;10.11 Conclusions;502
8.4;Chapter 11 - A Review of Chapters, River Bridges, and Conclusions;504
8.4.1;11.1 Introduction to chapter 11;504
8.4.2;Part 1;504
8.4.3;Part 2;515
8.4.4;11.2 Coordination with highway maintenance schedule;515
8.4.5;11.3 ABC applications for bridges located on rivers;516
8.4.6;11.4 Planning of bridges over rivers;520
8.4.7;11.5 Issues of scour-critical bridges;522
8.4.8;11.6 Rapid repairs and replacement of bridges on rivers;527
8.4.9;11.7 Procedures for scour-related accelerated rehabilitation;536
8.4.10;11.8 Scour countermeasures for new bridges;543
8.4.11;11.9 Case studies and ABC research;548
8.4.12;11.10 Conclusions;553
8.4.13;11.11 Future deployment of ABC;557
8.4.14;11.12 Literature review/acknowledgements;558
9;Appendix 1 - Selected Bibliography;560
9.1;Chapter 1 Introduction to modern accelerated bridge construction (ABC);560
9.2;Chapter 2 Recent developments in ABC concepts;561
9.3;Chapter 3 Research and training in ABC structural systems;563
9.4;Chapter 4 Innovative ABC techniques;565
9.5;Chapter 5 Modular bridge construction issues;566
9.6;Chapter 6 Rapid bridge insertions following failures;566
9.7;Chapter 7 ABC planning and resolving ABC issues;568
9.8;Chapter 8 Prefabrication of the superstructure;570
9.9;Chapter 9 Prefabrication of the substructure and construction issues;572
9.10;Chapter 10 Alternative ABC methods and funding evaluation;573
9.11;Chapter 11 A review of chapters, river bridges and conclusions;574
9.12;Additional useful references;579
9.13;Reference construction week online.com;579
10;Index;582
11;Part 1 - References to
Literature;600
11.1;Appendix 2 - Glossary of Terms;602
11.2;Appendix 3 - PennDOT Bridge Inspection Terminology and Sufficiency Ratings;610
12;Part 2 -
Training in ABC;614
12.1;Appendix 4 - Proposed 3 Credits Course for Seniors and Graduate Students;616
12.1.1;Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Course Details;616
12.2;Appendix 5 - Training Courses and Workshops in Accelerated Bridge Construction;618
12.2.1;Free webinars;621
12.2.2;Publications;622
12.2.3;Educate and communicate with industry;622
12.3;Appendix 6a: ASCE–Temple University College of Engineering;624
12.3.1;Appendix 6b: Use of BRADD Software;625
12.3.2;Appendix 6c: FHWA-Recommended Alternate Construction Specifications;625
12.3.3;References;628
12.3.4;Appendix 6e: Engineering News-Record List of 100 Design-Build Companies Working on ABC Projects;629
13;Part 3 -
ASCE Report Cardand Survey Form;632
13.1;Appendix 7 - ASCE Infrastructure Report Card 2014;634
13.1.1;Sample Summary Topics to Address Innovation and New Technology;634
13.1.2;Transportation;635
13.2;Appendix 8 - Survey Form for Scour Countermeasures;636
13.2.1;Research Survey Form;636
13.2.2;Survey of Scour Countermeasures;636
14;Part 4 -
Lightweight Bridges;640
14.1;Appendix 9 - Rapid Construction of Timber, Aluminum, and Lightweight Bridges;642
14.1.1;A9.1 Ideal low live loads and small spans for rapid construction;642
14.1.2;A9.2 General Guidelines;644
14.2;Appendix 10;648
14.3;Appendix 11 - Manufacturers of Prefabricated Bridges Using Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC);650

Leseproben

Preface
This textbook has been developed for the purpose of incorporating the latest developments in accelerated bridge construction (ABC) projects. Its objectives are to focus on creating awareness, educate, train, and inform bridge engineers in the art and science of effective rapid construction and delivery to the public. It will entice State Department of Transportations and their staff to select rapid construction techniques and save travel time of public and money especially during construction. The applications of routine design procedures using AASHTO LRFD Specifications, State Design Manuals with specific reference to ABC, and the vast amount of bridge design software will not change except for new load combinations resulting from: Lifting, transporting, erection, roll-in, slide-in, or float-in loads, etc. Users following the guidelines in this book will be able to perform the following new tasks: • Understand the different types of ABC technologies that can be used or are in use today in USA and in other countries. • Understand the various types of prefabricated elements used in bridges. • Assess specific sites for the most appropriate ABC technology for the project. • Plan and implement an ABC program as recommended by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). • Examine the success and limitations of the techniques in terms of time savings and cost. • Understand the construction aspects of Prefabricated Bridge Elements & Systems (PBES) projects and ready-made modular bridges. • Understand the long-term durability of bridges built with ABC. The presentation of text is kept simple and straight forward so that the reader does not have to look to other books for explanation. The book deals with concepts and methodology to promote rapid construction. Emphasis is placed on case studies of successful projects completed in several states in the recent years. Bridge design specifications and construction provisions are kept to a minimum. The author is indebted to a few stalwarts in this new technology: Benjamin Beerman of FHWA Every Day Counts Program for his help with the one-day course on ABC organized at Temple University by American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (of which the author is a Board Member and Ex-Chairman of Structural Engineering Institute in Philadelphia). Professor Atorod Azizinamini of Florida International University (FIU) for organizing useful continuing education seminars from experts and from which the author has benefited. Tom Macioce, Chief Bridge Engineer at PennDOT for presenting a seminar to Structural Engineering Institute (SEI) and highlighting the current progress in bridge engineering. Dr Ehsan Minai of Pennoni Associates for conducting ASCE Report Card and research with the author, for evaluation and recommendations for Pennsylvania State Bridges for using ABC. The criteria of an independent study to review infrastructure is also applicable to other states in USA. This book is about problem solving for the chronic construction delays, removing bottlenecks, and providing an insight into related important issues causing them. As a bridge engineer and teacher of modern bridge engineering, I find that there is a need for a book to address new technology on rapid construction for many practical reasons, such as minimizing public discomfort during extended years of construction. Modern topics such as availability of Self-propelled modular transporters (SPMTs), heavy capacity lifting cranes, temporary bents for lateral slide-in construction, prioritization and selection of bridges for retrofit and replacement, value engineering and selection of design-build and alternate methods of construction. AASHTO LRFD and State codes are still applicable as live loads govern but the minor changes will take time to catch up with the innovations and incorporating new procedures for lifting and erection of assembled bridges. The updated provisions will not aim at educating or inspiring the reader with fundamentals. This process is possible by highlighting required changes through textbook chapters. Practicing engineers continuously find the need for a textbook, which can simplify the interpretation of guidelines and make it more palatable for office use. A book should address the state of art of bridge construction, highlight major issues by offering necessary explanations, and use case studies of the associated practical problems. If the developments in the subject are understood by teachers and students at university level, the future practicing engineers will have a jump start and the purpose of the book will be well served. Some State codes have been more enterprising in developing the technology as compared to the Federal codes. The textbook can serve basically as a companion reference manual to the codes and specifications, with an emphasis on the newer topics and will focus on both traditional and nontraditional methods of construction. Objectives
The issues are basically presenting a method of safe, economical, and durable construction of the multibillion dollar transportation industry, the resulting advantages of which to the society appear to be significant, for example avoiding being stuck in traffic jams while commuting to work or delayed by a roadway closed for repairs or taking undesirable detours. Innovative ideas and engineering for structural planning, prefabrication of components. and precast connection details developed by design and construction teams over the years are referred to, making the textbook useful for design and constructability. In particular studying and applying the following aspects: 1. Recent advancements in construction techniques, such as design-build management, prefabrication, typical modular bridge manufacture, and transporting to the site and alternate slide-in methods. 2. Revisions to design criteria based on splicing of long members, lifting, and erection. 3. Increase in the volume of vehicular traffic on highways results from enhancement in automobile industry production and with their marketing motto “one car for each family.” This has resulted in an overload of existing bridges and highways, increased wear and tear, and in the number of accidents. The highway network should be able to accommodate increases in average daily traffic and average daily truck traffic. Frequent traffic counts may be necessary for adjusting direction of flow in the network. 4. Modern materials technology, the developments in new types of concrete, steel, and other construction and repair materials. 5. Developments in construction methodology, the use of long span cranes, hauling of long span girders, and improvements in erection on sites. 6. Updates on important developments in bridge and highway maintenance and use of asset management techniques of bridges and highways based on structural health monitoring by remote sensors. Need to incorporate growing technologies
There are relatively few books on similar topics or on developments in modern technology on design and rapid construction disciplines. Maintenance may include the much neglected highway structures, such as precast modular retaining walls, providing emergency relief bridges and scour countermeasures, retrofits at bridges and embankments. A fresh approach to the topics is reflected in the proposed chapter contents given below. This book may be used both as a textbook or a desk reference. In addition, the textbook will address: A review of ABC philosophy and its benefits to society; Management aspects of ABC such as design-build, Progress in design-build, prefabrication, precasting, and the role of the construction manager/general contractor (CM/GC); Safety and structural performance of existing bridges; ABC planning for new and replacement bridges; Traffic volume data, traffic counts, and maps availability; Urgency in fixing defective bridges and rapid bridge insertions ability following failures; Funding needs and promoting investments for ABC projects each year such as P3 Programs; Variations in ABC methods; Need for modular ABC drawings, details, and contract documents; Accelerated bridge rehabilitation (ABR); Problems of ABC for bridges located on waterways; FHWA initiatives to promote design-build contracts such as Every Day Counts Program; Limited need for traffic control during construction; The need for training of engineers and research in further innovations; The benefits of easier compliance with the environmental and permitting regulations, coordination with utility companies for early delivery of utility pipes on site and rapid assembly; ABC applications in railway bridges; Emphasizing the need for a national center devoted to ABC; Introducing new concrete materials, fiber-reinforced polymer concrete, lightweight concrete for prefabricated bridge decks and overlays; Alternative use of hybrid-composite beam; Types of precast components for substructures; Surges in transportation, publications, and workshops; Case studies of prefabricated...