Process Analytical Chemistry

1995
ISBN: 978-0-7514-0038-0
Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buch, Englisch, 378 Seiten, HC runder Rücken kaschiert, Format (B × H): 160 mm x 241 mm, Gewicht: 1610 g

Process analytical chemistry (PAC) can be defined as the technology of obtaining quantitative and qualitative information about a chemical process in order to control or optimise its performance. This highly practical book provides an up-to-date introduction to the field with a special emphasis placed on industrial processes. Edited by representatives from one of the world's leading chemical companies and centres of excellence for research into the subject, the book is written by a transatlantic team of authors who provide a global perspective.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kowalski, B. D.

McLennan, F.

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Organische Chemie
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Biotechnologie Industrielle Biotechnologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Process analytical chemistry in perspectivel.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Terminology.- 1.3 An integrated approach.- 1.4 Technology and instrumentation.- 1.5 PAC maintenance and support.- 1.6 Safety.- 1.7 Information sources.- References.- 2 Sampling systems.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Sample points.- 2.3 Preconditioning system.- 2.4 Sample transport.- 2.5 Conditioning system.- 2.6 Stream selection.- 2.7 Sample disposal.- 3 Physical property analyzers.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Viscosity measurement.- 3.3 Boiling point measurement.- 3.4 Flash point measurement.- 3.5 Pour point, cloud point and associated measurements.- 3.6 Vapor pressure measurement.- 3.7 Density and specific gravity measurement.- 3.8 Heating value measurement.- 3.9 Measurement of octane number.- 3.10 Refractive index measurement.- 3.11 Thermal conductivity measurement.- Reference.- 4 Process chromatography.- 4.1 Historical perspective of process chromatography.- 4.2 A simple chromatography model.- 4.3 Process gas chromatography.- 4.4 Liquid chromatography.- 4.5 Process supercritical fluid chromatography.- 4.6 Ion chromatography.- 4.7 Programmer/controller/communication.- References.- 5 Flow injection analysis.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Fundamental principles.- 5.3 Instrumentation.- 5.4 FI methodologies.- 5.5 Process applications.- 5.6 Conclusions.- References.- 6 Molecular spectroscopy.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Optical spectroscopy.- 6.3 Process mass spectrometry.- References.- 7 Electrochemical methods.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Potentiometry.- 7.3 Amperometry.- 7.4 Conclusions.- References.- 8 Process chemometrics.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Definition.- 8.3 Process monitoring.- 8.4 Multivariate calibration.- 8.5 Non-linear calibration methods.- 8.6 Intrument standardization.- 8.7 Process modeling.- 8.8 Process control.- 8.9 The future.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 9 Environmental monitoring for a sustainable future: From pollution control to pollution prevention.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Environmental monitoring.- 9.3 Regulatory concerns.- 9.4 Environmental monitoring technology.- 9.5 The future.- References.- 10 Non-invasive techniques.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Benefits and drawbacks.- 10.3 Techniques.- 10.4 Conclusions.- References.- 11 Future developments of chemical sensor and analyzer systems.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 The higher order approach to array sensing.- 11.3 Optical sensing.- 11.4 Silicon processing for sensor development.- 11.5 Acoustic sensing.- 11.6 Metal oxide semiconductor sensors.- 11.7 Ion selective electrodes.- 11.8 Conclusion.- References.