Lee Thermal and Flow Measurements

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-8493-7972-7
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 400 Seiten

Thermal and flow processes are ubiquitous in mechanical, aerospace and chemical engineering systems. Experimental methods including thermal and flow diagnostics are therefore an important element in preparation of future engineers and researchers in this field. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of experimentation, a fundamental guidance book is essential in the engineering curriculum and as a technical reference.
Thermal and Flow Measurements provides a synthesis of the basic science and engineering of diagnostic methods that students and engineers need to understand, design and apply to measurements in mechanical, aerospace and chemical engineering processes. A clear exposition is given on the basic concepts and application aspects of a wide range of thermal and flow diagnostics, starting from basic sensors, flow visualization, velocimetry, laser optical diagnostics, particle sizing methods, gas sampling methods, to micro-, nano-scale sensors and lidars. The presentation of topics allow readers to see the fundamental principles behind each methodology as well as the application details.

Zielgruppe

Undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical, aerospace, chemical, and civil engineering.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lee, T.-W.

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Maschinenbau
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Thermodynamik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction
Thermal and Flow Measurements
Some Examples of Thermal and Flow Measurements
Characteristics of Measurement Systems
Time Response of Measurement Systems
Time-Series Analysis and Signal Processing
Error Estimates and Uncertainty Analysis
 Error Estimates Using Gaussian Distribution
Data Regression
Uncertainty Analysis
Dimensional Analysis and Similitude
Basic Science and Engineering in Thermal
   and Flow Measurements
Basic Measurements of Pressure, Temperature,
and Flow Rates
Pressure Measurements 
Manometers
 Pressure Transducers Based on Elastic Strain
Piezoelectric Transducers
Some Implementation Issues
Temperature Sensors
Temperature Measurements Based on Thermal Expansion
     of Materials
Thermocouples
Resistance-Based Temperature Sensors
 Pyrometer Measurements of Temperature
Strain Gauges
Flow Rate Measurements
Obstruction Flowmeters 
Rotameters
Turbine Flowmeters 
Thermal Mass Flowmeters
 Flow Velocity Measurements Using Pitot
     and Static Pressure Probes
Flow Visualization and Image Analysis
Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines
Direct Photography Using Flow Tracers
Surface Imaging Using Thermochromatic Liquid Crystals
     and Pressure-Sensitive Coatings
Shadowgraph and Schlieren Imaging
Interferometry
Laser Tomographic Imaging
Image Processing and Analysis 
Image Acquisition
Basic Image Operations
Image Enhancements
Edge Detection 
Flow Velocity Measurements
Laser Doppler Velocimetry
The Operating Principle 
Operational Setup
Particle Seeding
Hot Wire Anemometry
Operating Principle
Operational Considerations
Particle Image Velocimetry 
Particle Image Density 
Stereoscopic PIV for Three-Component Velocity
     Measurements
Other Image-Based Methods
Optical Diagnostics for Measurements of Species
Concentrations and Temperature
Rayleigh Scattering
Rayleigh Scattering Theory
Applications of Rayleigh Scattering 
Mie Scattering 
Applications and Assessments
Raman Scattering
Molecular Energy and Spectroscopy
Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Thermometry Based on LIF
Vibrational and Rotational Spectroscopy 
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Particle Sizing and Two-Phase
Flow Measurements
Parameters to Characterize Groups of Particles
Light Scattering and Extinction Measurements of Particle Size
Laser-induced Incandescence Measurements of Particle Volume
     Fraction and Size
Laser Diffraction
Phase Doppler Analysis
Particle Mass Flux Measurements
Fiberoptic Correlation Method
Acoustic Measurements
Capacitance Probes
Isokinetic Sampling 
Gas Sampling Measurements
Sampling Probes
Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) Analyzers
Measurements of Nitric Oxides
Hydrocarbon Analysis
Measurements of Sulfur Oxides
Gas Chromatography
Mass Spectroscopy
Scaled Measurements
MEMS Devices
Microfabrication Methods
Microfluidic Sensors and Devices 
Pressure and Temperature Sensors
Bio- and Chemical Sensors
Nanotechnology Sensors
Microscopic Imaging Techniques
LIDARS
Appendix A: Electronic Devices.
Operational Amplifiers
Inverting Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Current-to-Voltage Converter
Differential Amplifier
Trigger Electronics
Frequency Filters
Filter Basics
 Active Filters
Appendix B: Optics
Optical Instruments
Diffraction
Diffraction Grating 
Interference 
Appendix C: Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Radiation  
Maxwell’s Equations
Electromagnetic Wave Equation
Radiative Transfer Equation
Blackbody Radiation
Appendix D: Quantum Mechanics and Atomic/Molecular Structure
Vibrational and Rotational Energy of Simple Molecules 
Energy Transitions and Spectroscopy