Liberman Breast MRI

Diagnosis and Intervention
1. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-0-387-27595-6
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 514 Seiten

Drs. Elizabeth Morris and Laura Liberman, two rising stars in breast MRI from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, edited this complete, superbly illustrated practical guide. The comprehensive text is written by contributors from the top cancer centers in the world. Introductory chapters are devoted to diagnosis and cover the basics of performing breast MRI exams, setting up a breast MR program, and understanding clinical indications. Additional chapters discuss breast interventional procedures, including the surgeon's use of MR and MR-guided needle interventions. A comprehensive diagnostic atlas completes the volume and addresses the spectrum of clinical situations, such as various carcinomas, special tumor types, and benign histologies. Radiologists, residents, and fellows will benefit from this guide's thorough examination of image interpretation, which highlights pitfalls that specialists must recognize.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Liberman, Laura

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;11
2;Foreword I --- Larry Norton, MD;6
3;Foreword II --- by Beryl McCormick, Clifford Hudis, and Patrick I. Borgen;7
4;Preface;9
5;Contributors;14
6;I Principles and Practice;16
6.1;1 Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Historical Overview --- Joo Young Melissa Lee and Elizabeth A. Morris;17
6.1.1;1. Dynamic Approach;17
6.1.2;2. Time Intensity Curves;17
6.1.3;3. Morphologic Approach;18
6.1.4;4. Combination of Dynamic and Morphologic Approaches;19
6.1.5;5. Conclusion;19
6.1.6;References;19
6.2;2 Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques --- Nola M. Hylton;21
6.2.1;1. MRI Versus Mammography;21
6.2.2;2. Technical Requirements for Performing Breast MRI;22
6.2.3;3. Imaging Coils;23
6.2.4;4. Patient Preparation and positioning;23
6.2.5;5. Image Acquisition Methods;23
6.2.6;6. Fat Suppression;26
6.2.7;7. Image Postprocessing;26
6.3;3 Setting Up a Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Program --- Elizabeth A. Morris;29
6.3.1;1. Patient Issues;29
6.3.2;2. Personnel Issues;30
6.3.3;3. Breast MRI Protocols;30
6.3.4;4. Scheduling Considerations;31
6.3.5;5. Patient Preparation;31
6.3.6;6. Examination Interpretation;33
6.3.7;7. Kinetic Analysis;33
6.3.8;8. Communication of Results;34
6.3.9;9. Interventional Issues;34
6.3.10;10. Data Gathering;34
6.3.11;11. Practice Growth Issues;34
6.3.12;12. Coil Issues;35
6.3.13;13. Selecting the Sequence;35
6.3.14;14. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Sequence;35
6.3.15;15. Conclusion;36
6.4;4 The Normal Breast --- Elizabeth A. Morris;37
6.4.1;1. Breast Anatomy;37
6.4.2;2. Vessels;43
6.4.3;3. Lymphatics and Lymph Nodes;45
6.4.4;4. Pectoralis Major Muscle;48
6.4.5;5. Breast Density;49
6.4.6;6. Premenopausal Breast;50
6.4.7;7. Postmenopausal Breast;52
6.4.8;8. Chemopreventive Agents;53
6.4.9;9. Pregnancy;53
6.4.10;10. Skin and Nipple;53
6.4.11;11. Fat;57
6.4.12;12. Fibrous Tissue and Calcifications;57
6.4.13;13. Conclusion;57
6.5;5 The Axilla --- Joo Young Melissa Lee and D. David Dershaw;59
6.5.1;1. Anatomy;59
6.5.2;2. Pathophysiology of Metastatic Disease to Lymph Nodes;59
6.5.3;3. Imaging Methods;60
6.5.4;4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lymph Nodes;60
6.5.5;5. Identifying Metastatic Disease;61
6.5.6;6. New Contrast Agents;64
6.5.7;7. Conclusion;64
6.6;6 Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lexicon --- Elizabeth A. Morris;65
6.6.1;1. Standardization of Terminology;65
6.6.2;2. Technique;66
6.6.3;3. Breast Histopathology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging;67
6.6.4;4. Morphologic Features;67
6.6.5;5. Description of Terms;67
6.6.6;6. Value of T2;91
6.6.7;7. Kinetics;91
6.6.8;8. Suggested Algorithm for Interpretation;91
6.7;7 Dynamic Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- Christiane K. Kuhl;93
6.7.1;1. Pathophysiological Basis of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging;93
6.7.2;2. Technical Issues;94
6.7.3;3. Choice of Pulse Sequences;95
6.7.4;4. Generating the Source Data for Kinetic Analysis: Region of Interest Placement;100
6.7.5;5. Analysis of Enhancement Kinetics;102
6.7.6;6. Pharmakokinetic Modeling;103
6.7.7;7. Understanding Published Literature:Survivors and One-Hit Wonders of Kinetic Approaches;103
6.7.8;8. How To Use Information Obtainedfrom Dynamic Data;105
6.7.9;9. Lesion Categorization: How We Integrate Morphologic and Kinetic Information;113
6.7.10;10. Appearance of the Normal and the Diseased Breast in Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging;116
6.7.11;11. Current Applications of Dynamic Bilateral Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging;142
6.7.12;12. Future Directions;149
6.8;8 Benign Lesions --- Andrea F. Abramson;154
6.8.1;1. Mass Lesions;154
6.8.2;2. Nonmass Lesions;171
6.8.3;3. High-Risk Lesions;176
6.9;9 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ --- Jennifer H. Menell;178
6.9.1;1. Mammography and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ;178
6.9.2;2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ;179
6.9.3;3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Mammographically Evident Calcifications;179
6.9.4;4. False-Negative Results by Magnetic Resonance and Mammography;180
6.9.5;5. Nuclear Grade;180
6.9.6;6. Significant Ductal CarcinomaIn Situ Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging;180
6.9.7;7. Conclusion;184
6.10;10 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Invasive Breast Carcinoma --- Lia Bartella and D. David Dershaw;187
6.10.1;1. Tumor Neovascularity and Angiogenesis;187
6.10.2;2. Secondary Signs of Invasive Breast Cancer;188
6.10.3;3. Types of Invasive Breast Cancer;188
6.10.4;4. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Not Otherwise Specified (NOS);188
6.10.5;5. Specialized Subtypes of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma;189
6.10.6;6. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma;191
6.10.7;7. Other Breast Malignancies;192
6.10.8;8. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Versus Invasive Carcinoma;195
6.11;11 The High-Risk Patient and Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- Laura Liberman;198
6.11.1;1. Models for Predicting Breast Cancer Risk;198
6.11.2;2. Screening Mammography:Guidelines and Limitations;198
6.11.3;3. Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening: Published Results;199
6.11.4;4. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ;204
6.11.5;5. False-positive Results;204
6.11.6;6. False-negative Results;207
6.11.7;7. Probably Benign Lesions at High-risk Screening Magnetic Resonance Imaging;207
6.11.8;8. Ultrasound Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging for High-risk Screening;208
6.11.9;9. Second Look Ultrasound;208
6.11.10;10. Breast MRI in Women with BRCA Mutations;210
6.11.11;11. Caveats;211
6.11.12;12. Conclusion;211
6.12;12 Assessment of Extent of Disease Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- Laura Liberman;214
6.12.1;1. Ipsilateral Breast;214
6.12.2;2. Contralateral Breast;221
6.12.3;3. Invasive Lobular Cancer;223
6.12.4;4. Conclusion;225
6.13;13 Assessment of Residual Disease --- Elizabeth A. Morris;228
6.13.1;1. The Preoperative Work-Up;228
6.13.2;2. Relationship Between Residual and Recurrent Disease;228
6.13.3;3. Pathology Issues;238
6.13.4;4. Postoperative Work–Up;238
6.13.5;5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Experience;238
6.13.6;6. Goals of Breast Cancer Treatment;239
6.13.7;7. Treatment Issues;239
6.13.8;8. Conclusion;239
6.14;14 Posttherapeutic Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- Jennifer B. Kaplan and D. David Dershaw;241
6.14.1;1. Neoadjuvant Therapy;241
6.14.2;2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Breast Conservation Therapy;246
6.15;15 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women with Breast Implants --- Laura Liberman and Wendie A. Berg;252
6.15.1;1. Implants: Types and Terms;252
6.15.2;2. Implant Failure;253
6.15.3;3. Imaging Implant Rupture;254
6.15.4;4. Breast Cancer Detection in Women with Implants;266
6.15.5;5. Summary and Conclusions;268
6.16;16 Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Clinical Tool --- D. David Dershaw;270
6.16.1;1. The Augmented Breast;270
6.16.2;2. Lesion Characterization;271
6.16.3;3. Breast Conservation: Staging Tumor and Detecting Recurrence;273
6.16.4;4. Assessing Treatment Response;275
6.16.5;5. Disease of the Nipple;276
6.16.6;6. Unknown Primary;276
6.16.7;7. Screening;278
6.17;17 Breast Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy --- Robert E. Lenkinski and Rachel Katz-Brull;280
6.17.1;1. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Breast;281
6.17.2;2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Human Tissues and Tissue Extracts;281
6.17.3;3. Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Human Breast Disease;282
6.17.4;4. Clinical Single Voxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Breast;282
6.17.5;5. Future Developments;283
6.17.6;6. Summary;285
6.18;18 The Surgeon’s Perspective --- Alexandra Heerdt;287
6.18.1;1. Screening for and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer;287
6.18.2;2. Local Therapy for Breast Cancer;288
6.18.3;3. Continuing Surveillance of the Breast Cancer Patient;290
6.18.4;4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Needle Localization: Technical Considerations for the Surgeon;290
6.19;19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Needle Localization --- Laura Liberman;294
6.19.1;1. Equipment Considerations;294
6.19.2;2. Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique and Interpretation at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center;297
6.19.3;3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Localization Technique;298
6.19.4;4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Needle Localization: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Experience;303
6.19.5;5. Challenging Scenarios at Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Localization;305
6.19.6;6. Advice and Caveats;306
6.19.7;7. Conclusions;309
6.20;20 Percutaneous Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Breast Biopsy --- Laura Liberman;311
6.20.1;1. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy;311
6.20.2;2. Automated Core Biopsy;312
6.20.3;3. Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy;313
6.20.4;4. Challenging Scenarios at Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy;326
6.20.5;5. Conclusion;327
6.21;21 Image-Guided Ablation of Breast Cancer --- Laura Liberman and Nanette Bracero;330
6.21.1;1. Terminology;330
6.21.2;2. Methods of Thermal Destruction;331
6.21.3;3. Image-Guided Ablation of Breast Cancer: Problems;337
6.21.4;4. Summary and Conclusions;338
7;II Atlas;340
7.1;22 Normal Breast;341
7.1.1;1. Breast Density;341
7.1.2;2. Nipple;345
7.2;23 Malignant Lesions;346
7.2.1;1. Distribution of Tumor;346
7.2.2;2. Staging;366
7.2.3;3. Metastasis;384
7.2.4;4. Invasive Carcinoma;385
7.2.5;5. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ;397
7.2.6;6. Other Tumors;404
7.2.7;7. Recurrence;406
7.2.8;8. Residual;411
7.3;24 High-Risk Lesions;420
7.3.1;1. Atypical Duct Hyperplasia;420
7.3.2;2. Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia;422
7.3.3;3. Lobular Carcinoma In Situ;422
7.3.4;4. Radial Scar;425
7.4;25 Benign Lesions;426
7.4.1;1. Fibroadenoma;426
7.4.2;2. Cysts;434
7.4.3;3. Lymph Nodes;439
7.4.4;4. Duct Ectasia;449
7.4.5;5. Papilloma;452
7.4.6;6. Fibrocystic Changes;454
7.4.7;7. Abscess;460
7.4.8;8. Duct Hyperplasia;461
7.4.9;9. Sclerosing Adenosis;463
7.4.10;10. Adenomyoepithelioma;464
7.4.11;11. Fibrosis;464
7.4.12;12. Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia;467
7.4.13;13. Skin Lesions;471
7.4.14;14. Gynecomastia;474
7.5;26 Findings Following Intervention;475
7.5.1;1. Excisional Biopsy;475
7.5.2;2. Needle Biopsy;494
7.5.3;3. Reconstructive Surgery;496
7.6;27 Pitfalls in Analysis of Carcinomas;500
7.6.1;1. Atypical Appearance of Carcinomas;500
7.6.2;2. Suboptimal Positioning;507
7.6.3;3. Suboptimal Windowing;509
7.6.4;4. Coil Artifact;511
7.6.5;5. Metallic Artifact;512
7.6.6;6. Misregistration;513
8;Index;514