Loche / Cappa / Ghizzoni Pediatric Neuroendocrinology

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9303-8
Verlag: S. Karger
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 17, 228 Seiten

Reihe: Endocrine Development

The neuroendocrine system plays a pivotal role in the control of growth, puberty, reproduction, and intermediate metabolism. The last decades have witnessed rapid progress in the understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in neuroendocrine function, paralleled by dramatic improvements in imaging techniques.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Loche, S.

Cappa, M.

Ghizzoni, L.

Maghnie, M.

Savage, M.O.

Weitere Mitwirkende

Mullis, P.-E.

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Pädiatrie, Neonatologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Neurologie, Klinische Neurowissenschaft
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Endokrinologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Contents;6
3;Preface;8
4;The Transcriptome and the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal System;9
4.1;Abstract;9
4.2;Osmoregulation;10
4.3;Detection of Hyperosmolality;10
4.4;The Hypothalamo-Neurohypopyseal System;12
4.5;Function-Related Plasticity;12
4.6;A Comprehensive Description of the HNS Transcriptome;13
4.7;The HNS Transcriptome Is Highly Strain Dependent;15
4.8;Conclusion;16
4.9;References;17
5;Role of Sleep and Sleep Loss in Hormonal Release and Metabolism;19
5.1;Abstract;19
5.2;Hormones that Influence Glucose Regulation and Appetite Control Are Influencedby Sleep;19
5.3;Obesity and Sleep Loss: Epidemiologic Evidence;22
5.4;Obesity, Diabetes and Sleep Loss: Evidence from Laboratory Studies;25
5.5;Conclusions;28
5.6;Acknowledgements;28
5.7;References;28
6;Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation;30
6.1;Abstract;30
6.2;Sex Differences in Cognition and Aggression: Little Effect of the Social Environment;30
6.3;Organizational and Activational Effects of Sex Hormones;31
6.4;Programmed Gender Identity Is Irreversible;33
6.5;Neurobiological Factors of Sexual Differentiation of the Brain;33
6.6;Sex Differences in the Human Brain;34
6.7;Transsexuality;36
6.8;Transsexuality and the Brain;36
6.9;Sexual Orientation;38
6.10;Sexual Orientation and the Brain;39
6.11;Conclusions;40
6.12;Acknowledgements;41
6.13;References;41
7;Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonists: An Update;44
7.1;Abstract;44
7.2;The ‘CRH Family’;44
7.3;CRH Receptor Antagonists;46
7.4;Clinical Implications of CRHR Antagonists;47
7.5;References;50
8;New Concepts on the Control of the Onset of Puberty;52
8.1;Abstract;52
8.2;General Aspects;52
8.3;‘Upstream’ Genes and the Transcriptional Control of Puberty;53
8.4;Epigenetics and Puberty;56
8.5;Concluding Remarks;57
8.6;References;57
9;Roles of Kisspeptins in the Control of Hypothalamic-Gonadotropic Function: Focuson Sexual Differentiation and Puberty Onset;60
9.1;Abstract;60
9.2;Brain Sexual Differentiation and Puberty Onset;61
9.3;Sexual Differentiation of Kiss1 Neurons: Functional Implications;62
9.4;Kiss1 System and the Timing of Puberty: Mechanisms and Physiological Relevance;63
9.5;Kiss1 System as Transmitter for the Metabolic Regulation of Puberty and Fertility;65
9.6;Future Directions and Conclusions;67
9.7;Acknowledgments;68
9.8;References;68
10;Role of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Axis in Neurogenesis;71
10.1;Abstract;71
10.2;Neurogenesis, Neuroprotection and Plasticity;73
10.3;The Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 System in the Brain;74
10.4;Age-Related Effects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 onNeurogenesis;75
10.5;Endogenous and Local Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 versusTherapy;77
10.6;Brain Region-Specific Effects;78
10.7;Treatment of Disease and Neurogenesis;78
10.8;Experimental Validity for Human Clinical Use;79
10.9;Conclusion;80
10.10;References;80
11;Sex Steroids, Growth Hormone, Leptin and the Pubertal Growth Spurt;85
11.1;Abstract;85
11.2;The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis;86
11.3;GH/IGF-1 Axis;87
11.4;Leptin and Central Peptide Hormones;87
11.5;Linear Growth and Adolescent Development;90
11.6;Body Composition and Adolescent Development;91
11.7;References;92
12;Endocrine and Metabolic Actions of Ghrelin;94
12.1;Abstract;94
12.2;Neuroendocrine Actions;95
12.3;Ghrelin, Appetite and Energy Expenditure;97
12.4;Peripheral Metabolic Actions of Ghrelin;99
12.5;Conclusions;100
12.6;References;100
13;Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Central Adrenal Insufficiency in Children;104
13.1;Abstract;104
13.2;Methods;105
13.3;Results;108
13.4;Discussion;110
13.5;References;114
14;Central Nervous System-Acting Drugs Influencing Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function;116
14.1;Abstract;116
14.2;Synthetic GCs;121
14.3;Serotonergic Drugs;123
14.4;Conclusions;125
14.5;References;126
15;Genetic Factors in the Development of Pituitary Adenomas;129
15.1;Abstract;129
15.2;Sporadic Tumors;136
15.3;Conclusion;138
15.4;References;140
16;Diagnosis and Treatment of Cushing’s Disease in Children;142
16.1;Abstract;142
16.2;Diagnosis of Paediatric Cushing’s Disease;143
16.3;Treatment of Cushing’s Disease;149
16.4;Conclusions;151
16.5;References;151
17;Prolactinomas in Children and Adolescents;154
17.1;Abstract;154
17.2;Clinical Presentation;155
17.3;Diagnosis;160
17.4;Treatment Strategy;162
17.5;Conclusion;164
17.6;References;165
18;Pituitary Tumors: Advances in Neuroimaging;168
18.1;Abstract;168
18.2;Background;169
18.3;Pituitary Adenomas;171
18.4;Main Differential Diagnosis;173
18.5;Incidentalomas;180
18.6;References;180
19;Resistin: Regulation of Food Intake, Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism;183
19.1;Abstract;183
19.2;The Discovery of Resistin;184
19.3;Regulation of Resistin by Obesity and Insulin/Glucose Alterations;184
19.4;Effects of Resistin on Glucose Metabolism;185
19.5;Resistin and Lipid Metabolism;187
19.6;Resistin and Food Intake;189
19.7;Concluding Remarks;189
19.8;Acknowledgements;190
19.9;References;190
20;Hypothalamic Obesity;193
20.1;Abstract;193
20.2;Hypothalamic Energy Regulation;194
20.3;Etiologies of Hypothalamic Obesity;195
20.4;Clinical Characteristics of HyOb;198
20.5;Hormonal and Metabolic Characteristics of HyOb;198
20.6;Treatment;200
20.7;Conclusions;201
20.8;References;201
21;Neuroendocrine Consequences of Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescents;205
21.1;Abstract;205
21.2;Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis;206
21.3;Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis;207
21.4;Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis;209
21.5;Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis;210
21.6;Peptides and Cytokines that Signal Energy Availability;210
21.7;Insulin and Adiponectin;211
21.8;Leptin;211
21.9;Ghrelin;212
21.10;Peptide YY;212
21.11;Other Hormones;213
21.12;Bone Metabolism;213
21.13;Hormonal Determinants of Low Bone Density in Anorexia Nervosa;216
21.14;Body Composition;218
21.15;Statural Growth;219
21.16;Conclusion;219
21.17;Grant Support;219
21.18;References;220
22;Author Index;223
23;Subject Index;224