Lyman Practical Drug Enforcement, Third Edition

3. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4200-0983-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 368 Seiten

Reihe: Practical Aspects of Criminal & Forensic Investigations

Criminal investigation is a dynamic endeavor impacted by changes in human nature, statutory and constitutional laws, and methods of operation. New challenges are constantly posed for the investigator and the investigation of drug offenses is no exception. It takes advanced skills to keep pace with the criminal mind. Unfortunately, the skills acquired in basic police training are just that: basic. In order to stay ahead of their criminal counterparts, drug enforcement officers must seek extensive, ongoing training and knowledge, not just to secure a lawful conviction but to keep themselves and the public safe. This new edition of the bestselling Practical Drug Enforcement provides a thoroughly revised and updated guide to the contemporary aspects of covert criminal investigations and the management of the drug enforcement unit itself. Appealing to a wide variety of law enforcement officers in all jurisdictions, it addresses different methods of detection, investigation, surveillance, and capture of drug traffickers as well as identifies those methods commonly employed by criminals to avoid detection. Drawing from the author’s expertise in the field, and as a nationally recognized consultant, this book contains practical hands-on information for the officer in the street and the administrator coordinating operations. This edition includes new drug identification photos, charts, and updated statistics, as well as an entirely new chapter on the surreptitious monitoring of suspects, entrapment, and “possession with intent” cases. New topics include— - Drug courier profiling

- High-tech surveillance, including GPS and thermal imaging

- Raid procedures for clandestine labs

- Drug diversion by physicians and pharmacies

- Searching, seizing, and handling drug evidence

- Reverse sting operations

- Undercover work, risks, and stress

- Informant management
Designed as an investigative resource on current drug enforcement techniques, Practical Drug Enforcement, Third Edition allows law enforcement personnel from a variety of jurisdictions and priorities to maintain concurrent initiatives regarding the identification, apprehension, and prosecution of all known drug offenders and drug traffickers at local and national levels.

Zielgruppe

Drug enforcement officers and trainers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lyman, Michael D.

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Kriminalsoziologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Initiation of Drug Investigations: Sources of Information

Case Initiation,

Target Selection,

Receiving Information,

Verifying Information, Case Preparation,

Budgeting Resources,

Other Information Sources

Outside Law Enforcement Agencies

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

The U.S. Customs Service

The U.S. Marshal Service

Other Criminal Justice Agencies

Probation and Parole Offices

Court Records

Prosecutor’s Records

Public Service Agencies

State Departments of Motor Vehicles

Social Service Agencies

Medical Examiner’s Office

City or State Licensing Departments

Tax Departments

Departments of Highways or Roads

Health Departments

Sanitation Departments

Boards of Education

Practical Drug Enforcement

Private Sector Sources

Telephone/Cellular Phone Companies

Public Utility Companies

Banks

Credit Agencies

Telegraph Companies

Other Sources

Undercover Intelligence

Trashing

Summary

Suggested Readings

Undercover Operations

Preparing for Undercover Assignments

Personnel

The Roles of Officers

Equipment

Standard-Issue Police Equipment

Special Equipment

Vehicles

Radios

Recording Devices

Undercover Identification

Weapons

Working Undercover

The Cover Story

Protecting the Undercover Officer’s Cover

Infiltration

Drug-Buy Operations

Preparations

Hazards

The Buy–Walk Procedure

The Buy–Bust Procedure

Location of the Buy

Outdoor Locations

Indoor Locations

Precautions

Planning the Drug Buy

Prebuy Planning

Postbuy Planning

The Flash-Roll

Conspiracy Investigations

Element One: The Agreement

Element Two: The Overt Act

Types of Conspiracies

The Chain Conspiracy

The Wheel Conspiracy

The Enterprise Conspiracy

Forfeiture Sanctions

Sharing Provisions of Federal Forfeiture Laws

The Vehicle Indemnity Form

Identification of Drug Evidence

Narcotics

Narcotics of Natural Origin

Opium

Morphine

Codeine

Semisynthetic Narcotics

Heroin

Hydromorphone

Oxycodone

Hydrocodone

Synthetic Narcotics

Oxycontin

Meperidine

Dextropropoxyphene

Fentanyl 5

Narcotic Treatment Drugs

Methadone

LAAM

Stimulants

Cocaine

Street Terms: Cocaine

Amphetamines

Methamphetamine

Khat

Depressants

Barbiturates

Benzodiazepines

Rohypnol

Rohypnol and Drug-Facilitated Rape

Practical Drug Enforcement

Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

GHB and Drug-Facilitated Rape

Chloral Hydrate

Cannabis

Marijuana

Bongs

Hashish

Hashish Oil

Hallucinogens

LSD

Peyote and Mescaline

New Hallucinogens

MDMA (Ecstasy) and other Phenethylamines

Raves

Phencyclidine and Related Drugs

Ketamine

Informant Management

Who Becomes an Informant?

Types of Informants

Psychological Motivations of Informants

The Fear Motivation

The Revenge Motivation

The Perverse Motivation

The Mercenary Motivation

The Repentance Motivation

The Egotistical Motivation

The Unwitting Informant

Informant Interviews

Contracting an Informant

Method of Payment

Expenditures of Official Drug Funds

Criminal Activity by the Informant

The Cooperating Individual Agreement

Informant Payments

Use of Female Informants by Male Officers

Statement of Officer-Informant Relationship

Informant Statements

Procedures for Drug Purchases

Inside Drug Buys

Multiple Drug Buys

Controlled Drug Buys (Informant Drug Buys)

Mutual Agreements and Understandings

The Cover Story

Method of Introduction

Negotiating Amounts

Time of Day

Manipulation of Funds

Protection of Informant Identity

Wilson v. United States

Special Informant Problems

The Informant with “Cold Feet”

The Informant and the Target’s Right to Counsel

Other Problems with Informants

Officer-Informant Relationships

Informants of the Opposite Sex

Crimes Committed by the Informant

Officers Who “Own” Their Informants

The Informant in the Courtroom

The Controlled Drug Purchase

Surveillance Operations

Preparing for the Surveillance

Foot Surveillance

One-Man Surveillance

Two-Man Surveillance

ABC Method

Progressive or “Leapfrog” Method

Difficulties in Surveillance Operations

Vehicle Surveillance

Fixed Surveillance

Electronic Surveillance

Audio Surveillance

Bumper Beepers

Wiretaps

Passive Monitoring

Video and Photo Surveillance

Undercover Apartments

Surveillance of Undercover Personnel

Stakeouts

Preparation

Practical Drug Enforcement

Personnel Selection

Equipment

Briefings

Assignment of Duties

Team Planning

Training

Communications

Deployment

Stakeout Postevent Procedures

Foot Pursuits

Satellite-Assisted Surveillance

Thermal Imaging

The Mechanics of Thermal Imaging

Thermal Imaging Applications

Structure Profiles

Disturbed Services/Hidden Compartments

Legal Limitations of Thermal Imaging

Serving High-Risk Warrants

Classifying High-Risk Warrants

Step One: Planning

Step Two: Briefing

Step Three: Execution

Step Four: Critique

Booby Traps

Exterior Booby Traps

Safety Precautions

Types of Traps

The Punji Pit

The Foot Breaker

The Trotline

The Mousetrap

Interior Booby Traps

Safety Precautions

Types of Traps

Magazine Bomb

Hot Light

Armstrong’s Mixture

Other Weapons

Drug Raid Procedures

Checklist for Raid Preparation

The Raid Leader

Tactical Considerations

External Control Methods

Immediate Reaction Maneuver

L-Shaped Clearance Maneuver

L-Shaped Sweep Maneuver

Internal Control Methods

The Wraparound Entry Method

The Crisscross Entry Method

The High-Risk Entry Method

The Final Raid Report

Drug Enforcement and the Patrol Officer

Patrol Enforcement of Drug Violations

Intelligence Gathering

Street Observations

Unrelated Arrests

Open-Air Drug Markets and Police Patrol

Open-Air Drug Markets

Drug Dealer Profiles

The Jamaican Drug Operation Case Study

Patrol Response to Open-Air Markets

The Coordinated Response

Conducting Area and Vehicle Searches

Interdicting Drugs in Transit

Major Transportation Routes

Identifying Drug Couriers

Observing the Behavior of Drug Couriers

Investigative Stops Using Drug Courier Profiles

Profiling: The Legal Environment

Clandestine Laboratories

Safety Considerations

Identifying Laboratory Operations

Investigation Techniques

Seizure and Forfeiture

Health and Safety Regulations

Practical Drug Enforcement

Chemicals Found in Laboratories

Hazardous Chemicals

Conducting a Laboratory Raid

Contamination Prevention and Decontamination

Controlling Precursor Chemicals

Pharmaceutical Diversion

Drug Control Legislation

Drug Types and Regulations

Diversion Tactics

Physician Investigations

Doctors Who Divert Drugs

Nurses Who Divert Drugs

Drug Theft

Substituting Drugs

Undercover “Patients”

Medical License Control

Prescription Clinics

Stress and Pain Clinics

Pharmacy Investigations

Prescription Forgeries

Punishment of Violators

Professional Patients (the “Scammer)

The Fat Lady Scam

The Breast Cancer Scam

The Toothache Scam

The Altered Scrip Scam

The Phantom Refill Scam

The Drug Audit

Problems in Diversion Investigations

Special Enforcement Operations

Marijuana Cultivation

Growing Marijuana

Commercial Grade

Sinsemilla

Indoor Growing Operations

Cloning

Hydroponics

Evidence of Marijuana Cultivation

Domestic Eradication

Smuggling Investigations

Air Smuggling

Aircrafts for Smuggling

Aircraft Data Plates

Search of a Typical Light Plane

Search of Commercial Aircraft

The Pilots

Ground Smuggling

Search of a Typical Automobile

Reverse Sting Operations

Planning the Reverse Sting

Manpower Considerations

Conducting the Sting

Legal Considerations in Drug Enforcement Operations

Surreptitious Monitoring of Suspect’s Conversations

Types of Surreptitiously Monitored Statements

Fourth Amendment Challenges

Fifth Amendment Challenges

Sixth Amendment Challenges

Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel in Police Car and in Interrogation Room Monitoring Scenarios

Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel in Jail Monitoring Scenarios

The Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel in the “Unrelated Charge”

Monitoring of Suspects in Sixth Amendment Situations: “Elicitation” vs. “Listening Post”

Summary of Sixth Amendment

Monitoring under Federal and State Statutes

Federal Law: The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act

State law

Entrapment

Sorrels v. United States

Sherman v. United States

Confusion

Practical Drug Enforcement

United States v. Russell

Hampton v. United States

Jacobson v. United States

Predisposition

Definition of “Predisposition”

Factors in Predisposition

Possession with Intent to Distribute Drugs

Possession

Actual Possession

Constructive Possession

Joint Possession

Lookouts, Brokers, and Other Participants

Possession with Intent to Distribute

Quantity

Quality

Packaging

Location

Large Amounts of Cash

Weapons

Addiction of the Possessor

Presence of Paraphernalia

Traffic

Association with Known Dealers, Gang Membership

Searching and Seizing Drug Evidence

Searching the Suspect’s Premises

Searching the Suspect’s Vehicle

The Front-End

The Interior

The Rear Area

The Underside

Searching Pickup Trucks and Work Vehicles

Other Vehicles

Consent Searches

Dwelling Searches

Handling Drug Evidence

Counting and Weighing Evidence

Sealing and Labeling Evidence

Suggested Reading

Appendix I: Drug Scheduling

Appendix II

Appendix III: Code of Federal Regulations: Section 1310.02 — Substances Covered