Marai / Owen New Techniques in Sheep Production

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6217-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 302 Seiten, Web PDF

New Techniques in Sheep Production is an eight-part book that first reviews sheep production systems and scope for improvement. Subsequent chapter focuses on methods of increasing fecundity. Parts III and IV describe reproduction methods and genetic improvement techniques. Other chapters discuss breed development; feeding systems; management and health control; and evaluation of techniques in sheep production. This book will be of value to the pioneer farmers, their advisers, and supporters in the associated marketing and supply organizations, as well as to students at agriculture and veterinary universities and colleges.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Marai, I. Fayez M.

Owen, J. B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;New Techniques in Sheep Production;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;6
6;Part I: Review of current sheep production systems and the scope for improvement;12
6.1;Chapter 1. Wool;14
6.1.1;Summary;14
6.1.2;Introduction;14
6.1.3;What does the wool buyer pay for?;15
6.1.4;Increasing fleece weight and improving wool quality;16
6.1.5;Fleece characteristics;18
6.1.6;Possibilities for change in Britain;19
6.1.7;References;21
6.2;Chapter 2. Meat;22
6.2.1;Summary;22
6.2.2;Introduction;22
6.2.3;Sheepmeat production in Britain;24
6.2.4;Current British systems of lamb production;27
6.2.5;Detailed results for lowland spring lambing flocks, 1985;29
6.2.6;Recent improvements;32
6.2.7;Scope for further improvements;34
6.3;Chapter 3. Milk;36
6.3.1;Summary;36
6.3.2;Introduction;36
6.3.3;Existing systems of sheep's milk production;38
6.3.4;Milk products;40
6.3.5;Scope for technical advance;41
6.3.6;The future;43
7;Part II: Methods of increasing fecundity;46
7.1;Chapter 4. Genetic variation in ovulation rate in sheep;48
7.1.1;Summary;48
7.1.2;Introduction;48
7.1.3;Ovulation rate;49
7.1.4;Embryo survival;52
7.1.5;Selection on ovulation rate;53
7.1.6;Discussion;54
7.1.7;References;55
7.2;Chapter 5. Increasing prolificacy of ewes by means of gonadotrophin therapy and treatment with Fecundin;58
7.2.1;Summary;58
7.2.2;Introduction;58
7.2.3;Superovulatory responses in Fecundin-treated ewes;60
7.2.4;The use of Fecundin in out-of-season breeding;61
7.2.5;Oestrus synchronization and artificial insemination;64
7.2.6;References;66
7.3;Chapter 6. Frequent lambing systems;68
7.3.1;Summary;68
7.3.2;Introduction;68
7.3.3;Example of frequent lambing systems;69
7.3.4;CAMAL (Cornell Alternate Month Accelerated Lambing system);71
7.3.5;STAR system;73
7.4;Chapter 7. Advancement of puberty in male and female sheep;76
7.4.1;Summary;76
7.4.2;Introduction;76
7.4.3;Sexual maturation and the attainment of puberty in the sheep;76
7.4.4;Improved reproductive performance of ewe lambs;77
7.4.5;Improved reproductive performance of ram lambs;81
7.4.6;Conclusions;82
7.4.7;References;82
8;Part III: Reproduction methods;88
8.1;Chapter 8. Embryo transfer;90
8.1.1;Summary;90
8.1.2;Introduction;90
8.1.3;Procedures for embryo transfer;91
8.1.4;Practical application;97
8.1.5;Conclusions;98
8.1.6;References;98
8.2;Chapter 9. Artificial insemination;102
8.2.1;Summary;102
8.2.2;Introduction;102
8.2.3;Some factors affecting fertility;103
8.2.4;Conclusions;110
8.2.5;References;110
9;Part IV: Genetic improvement techniques;114
9.1;Chapter 10. Genetic engineering, chromosome analysis and sex determination;116
9.1.1;Summary;116
9.1.2;Introduction;116
9.1.3;Genetic engineering;116
9.1.4;Chromosome analysis;120
9.1.5;Sex determination;121
9.1.6;General perspective;121
9.1.7;References;122
9.2;Chapter 11. Indirect selection;124
9.2.1;Summary;124
9.2.2;Introduction;124
9.2.3;General considerations;125
9.2.4;Growth and lean meat production;126
9.2.5;Reproduction;127
9.2.6;Resistance to stress and disease;128
9.2.7;Development and application;130
9.2.8;Conclusions;132
9.2.9;References;132
9.3;Chapter 12. Carcass evaluation in sheep breeding programmes;136
9.3.1;Summary;136
9.3.2;Introduction;136
9.3.3;Prospects for genetic improvement in carcass composition;137
9.3.4;Requirements of in vivo assessment techniques;140
9.3.5;Techniques for in vivo assessment;141
9.3.6;Comparison of techniques;149
9.3.7;Conclusions;152
9.3.8;Acknowledgements;153
9.3.9;References;153
10;Part V: Breed development;156
10.1;Chapter 13. Formation of new breeds;158
10.1.1;Summary;158
10.1.2;Introduction;158
10.1.3;Stratification;159
10.1.4;Economic pressures since 1945;160
10.1.5;The need for new breeds;160
10.1.6;New breed development;161
10.1.7;Reference;167
10.2;Chapter 14. Group breeding schemes and simplified recording in sheep improvement;168
10.2.1;Summary;168
10.2.2;Introduction;168
10.2.3;Group breeding schemes;169
10.2.4;References;172
10.3;Chapter 15. Improving fecundity in subtropical fat-tailed sheep;174
10.3.1;Summary;174
10.3.2;Introduction;174
10.3.3;Fecundity of subtropical fat-tailed sheep;175
10.3.4;Improving fecundity in subtropical fat-tailed sheep;178
10.3.5;Conclusions;181
10.3.6;References;181
11;Part VI: Feeding systems;184
11.1;Chapter 16. Nutrition of housed sheep;186
11.1.1;Summary;186
11.1.2;Introduction;186
11.1.3;Recommended nutrient allowances;187
11.1.4;Nutritional principles—their application in formulating feeding strategies;191
11.1.5;Diets and feeding regimes for continuously housed sheep;195
11.1.6;Nutritional problems specific to housed sheep;196
11.1.7;Conclusions;197
11.1.8;References;198
11.2;Chapter 17. Early weaning and fattening of lambs;200
11.2.1;Summary;200
11.2.2;Introduction;200
11.2.3;Management of early weaning systems;201
11.2.4;Manipulation of body composition;203
11.2.5;Rumen development and type of feeds;204
11.2.6;References;206
11.3;Chapter 18. Improving feed resources: a key step towards expanding ruminant production in semiarid north Africa and west Asia;208
11.3.1;Summary;208
11.3.2;Introduction;208
11.3.3;Improving traditional feed resources;209
11.3.4;Introducing new feed resources;211
11.3.5;Integrated feeding systems;212
11.3.6;Conclusions;213
11.3.7;References;213
12;Part VII: Management and health control;216
12.1;Chapter 19. Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal number determination;218
12.1.1;Summary;218
12.1.2;Introduction;218
12.1.3;Non-ultrasonic techniques;219
12.1.4;Principles of ultrasound;220
12.1.5;Benefits of scanning;228
12.1.6;Development of scanning in the United Kingdom;229
12.1.7;Conclusions;230
12.1.8;References;230
12.2;Chapter 20. Synchronized breeding and lambing;232
12.2.1;Summary;232
12.2.2;Introduction;232
12.2.3;Synchronization of lambing;238
12.2.4;Advantages and disadvantages of synchronized breeding and lambing;244
12.2.5;Conclusions;246
12.2.6;References;246
12.3;Chapter 21. Increasing productivity by manipulating mating behaviour;250
12.3.1;Summary;250
12.3.2;Introduction;250
12.3.3;Effect of the ram on reproductive performance of the ewe;251
12.3.4;Increasing fertility by regulating ram–ewe contact;254
12.3.5;Prediction of fertility and fecundity;257
12.3.6;References;258
12.4;Chapter 22. New developments in health control;264
12.4.1;Summary;264
12.4.2;Introduction;264
12.4.3;Footrot;265
12.4.4;Pasteurellosis;266
12.4.5;Trace elements;267
12.4.6;Neonatal care;270
12.4.7;Abortion;273
12.4.8;References;277
13;Part VIII: Evaluation of new techniques;280
13.1;Chapter 23. Economic response to increasing genetic potential for reproductive performance;282
13.1.1;Summary;282
13.1.2;Introduction;282
13.1.3;Characters and genetic resources;283
13.1.4;Method of evaluation;283
13.1.5;Profit value of litter types;284
13.1.6;Distribution of litter types;285
13.1.7;Application to the Merinoland breed;288
13.1.8;References;290
13.2;Chapter 24. Systems development of new techniques;292
13.2.1;Summary;292
13.2.2;Introduction;292
13.2.3;Optimum prolificacy;293
13.2.4;Stocking rate comparisons;294
13.2.5;Mixed systems;296
13.2.6;Conclusions;296
13.2.7;References;296
14;Index;298