Martini / Chrousos / Labrie Neuroendocrinology

The Normal Neuroendocrine System
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-0-444-53703-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 312 Seiten

Neuroendocrinology is a discipline which originated about 50 years ago as a branch of Endocrinology and that is now strictly linked to neuroscience. Volumes 181 and 182 of Progress in Brain Research provide a rapid view of the major points presently discussed at biological and clinical levels. The chapters have been written by top scientists who are directly involved in basic or clinical research and who use the most sophisticated biotechnological techniques. The volumes cover of the role of genetics in many endocrine-related events, like neuroendocrinological diseases and endocrine depenedent cancers (prostate, breast, etc,). Interesting information is also provided on possibile treatments of neurodegenerative brain diseases (e.g., Alzheimer and similar syndromes).
• The best researchers in the field provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results • Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered • Of great value for researchers and experts, but also for students as a background reference

Autoren/Hrsg.

Martini, Luciano

Chrousos, George

Labrie, Fernand

Pacak, Karel

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;2
2;Other volumes in Progress in Brain Research;3
3;Title Page;4
4;Copyright Page;5
5;List of Contributors;6
6;“en guise d’introduction …’’;8
7;Contents;10
8;Chapter 1 Cellular signalling: peptide hormones and growth factors ;12
8.1;Abstract;12
8.2;Keywords;12
8.3;Historical survey;12
8.4;Cell surface events: the initiation of signalling;13
8.5;The signalling endosome; patterns of intracellular signalling15
8.6;Endosomal signalling: requirements and regulation in health and disease;19
8.7;Acknowledgements;21
8.8;Abbreviations;21
8.9;References;22
9;Chapter 2 Neuroendocrine control of energy homeostasis: update on new insights;28
9.1;Abstract;28
9.2;Keywords;28
9.3;Introduction;28
9.4;Neuroanatomy of hypothalamic circuitries involved in energy homeostasis;30
9.5;Appetite regulating network;30
9.6;Energy expending network;32
9.7;Fat accrual network;33
9.8;Peripheral feedback signals in the hypothalamic integration of energy homeostasis;33
9.9;Mechanisms underlying dysregulation of energy homeostasis and obesity in rodents and humans;35
9.10;Conclusion;39
9.11;Acknowledgement;39
9.12;Abbreviations;39
9.13;References;39
10;Chapter 3 Reproductive behaviors: new developments in concepts and in molecular mechanisms;46
10.1;Abstract;46
10.2;Keywords;46
10.3;Introduction;46
10.4;Generalized arousal and its impact on sex behaviors;46
10.5;Mechanisms initiating generalized and sexual arousal in humans;49
10.6;Chromatin: steroid hormone-induced covalent modifications of histone tails;49
10.7;References;52
11;Chapter 4 Interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine systems;54
11.1;Abstract;54
11.2;Keywords;54
11.3;Introduction;54
11.4;Concluding remarks;61
11.5;Acknowledgments;63
11.6;References;63
12;Chapter 5 Physiological roles of the kisspeptin/GPR54 system in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction;66
12.1;Abstract;66
12.2;Keywords;66
12.3;Introduction;66
12.4;Kisspeptins and GPR54: discovery and proposed nomenclature;67
12.5;Neuroanatomy of kisspeptin neurons in mammals;69
12.6;Kisspeptins and the control of gonadotropin secretion: roles and mechanisms;70
12.7;Kisspeptin neurons: roles in sexual differentiation and puberty onset;72
12.8;Kisspeptin neurons: roles in feedback control of gonadotropins;74
12.9;Metabolic regulation of the kisspeptin system;76
12.10;Other regulators of the kisspeptin system: neuropeptides, hormones and environmental cues ;78
12.11;Kisspeptins in year 2010: future challenges and expected developments;79
12.12;Acknowledgements;83
12.13;Abbreviations;83
12.14;References;83
13;Chapter 6 Regulation of complex pulsatile and rhythmic neuroendocrine systems: the male gonadal axis as a prototype;90
13.1;Abstract;90
13.2;Keywords;90
13.3;Introduction;90
13.4;Hypothalamo-pituitary-target organ systems;92
13.5;Integrating pulsatile and 24-hour rhythmic secretion patterns;94
13.6;Quantification of ensemble control;95
13.7;Control of a neuroendocrine ensemble;105
13.8;System-level adaptations in pathophysiology;108
13.9;Appraisal of negative feedback in a neuroendocrine system;108
13.10;Ensemble estimates of neuroendocrine dynamics;110
13.11;Innovative prospects;116
13.12;Acknowledgments;116
13.13;Abbreviations;116
13.14;References;117
14;Chapter 7 Physiological significance of the rhythmic secretion of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones;122
14.1;Abstract;122
14.2;Keywords;122
14.3;Introduction;123
14.4;Neurohumoral regulation of growth hormone secretion;123
14.5;Regulation of corticotrophic function and action;127
14.6;Regulation of thyrotroph function;129
14.7;Regulation of lactotroph function;130
14.8;Physiological significance of pulsatile oxytocin secretion;131
14.9;Discussion;131
14.10;Abbreviations;132
14.11;References;133
15;Chapter 8 Melatonin: a multitasking molecule;138
15.1;Abstract;138
15.2;Keywords;138
15.3;Introduction;138
15.4;Melatonin synthesis, release and catabolism;139
15.5;Melatonin synthesis: light regulation;141
15.6;Melatonin: receptors and signal transduction mechanisms;143
15.7;Melatonin and seasonal reproduction;144
15.8;Melatonin, circadian rhythms and sleep;147
15.9;Melatonin and cancer inhibition;149
15.10;Melatonin as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant;152
15.11;Concluding remarks;156
15.12;References;156
16;Chapter 9 Modulation of steroid hormone receptor activity;164
16.1;Abstract;164
16.2;Keywords;164
16.3;Introduction;164
16.4;Conclusion;180
16.5;Abbreviations;180
16.6;References;181
17;Chapter 10 The intracrine sex steroid biosynthesis pathways;188
17.1;Abstract;188
17.2;Keywords;188
17.3;Introduction;188
17.4;Molecular evolution and different classes of steroidogenic enzymes;191
17.5;Does convergent evolution result from modification of an old enzymatic structure or an adaptation of existing activities of a multi-substrate enzyme to a new substrate? Example of type 12 17Beta-HSD;192
17.6;Marked differences of steroidogenic enzymes between humans, monkeys and rodents;194
17.7;Species differences in sex steroid-inactivating enzymes;197
17.8;Does the 17Beta-HSD step precede or follow aromatase or 5Alpha-reductase action in the steroidogenic pathways in peripheral tissues?;198
17.9;Biosynthesis of testosterone;199
17.10;Biosynthesis of DHT;199
17.11;Biosynthesis of estradiol;199
17.12;References;200
18;Chapter 11 Steroidogenic enzymes in the brain:morphological aspects;204
18.1;Abstract;204
18.2;Keywords;204
18.3;Introduction;204
18.4;Cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage;205
18.5;3Beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase;205
18.6;Cytochrome P450C17;206
18.7;17Beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase;207
18.8;5Alpha-Reductase;209
18.9;3Alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase;210
18.10;20Alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase;210
18.11;Cytochrome P450 aromatase;211
18.12;11Beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase;212
18.13;Conclusion;213
18.14;References;213
19;Chapter 12 The multiple roles of estrogens and the enzymearomatase;220
19.1;Abstract;220
19.2;Keywords;220
19.3;Aromatase;220
19.4;Aromatization;222
19.5;Aromatase expression;222
19.6;Regulation of aromatase expression;224
19.7;Cyp19 (aromatase) gene expression regulation;224
19.8;Regulation of aromatase activity;226
19.9;Multiple roles of aromatase;227
19.10;Physiological effects of estrogen;231
19.11;Effects of aromatase in the brain;232
19.12;Conclusion;236
19.13;References;236
20;Chapter 13 ERBeta in CNS: new roles in development and function;244
20.1;Abstract;244
20.2;Keywords;244
20.3;Introduction;244
20.4;ERs in the embryonic brain;245
20.5;ERBeta affects neuronal migration during later stages of corticogenesis;246
20.6;3Beta-Adiol as a ligand for ERBeta function in corticogenesis;247
20.7;ERBeta expression in the neonatal brain;247
20.8;ERBeta expression in the hippocampus and its roles in hippocampal-dependent behavior;248
20.9;Role of ERBeta in development of the cerebellum;252
20.10;Role of ERBeta in dorsal horn morphogenesis of spinal cord and pain modulation;253
20.11;Conclusions;256
20.12;Acknowledgements;256
20.13;References;256
21;Chapter 14 Interactions of estradiol and insulin-like growth factor-I signalling in the nervous system: New advances;262
21.1;Abstract;262
21.2;Keywords;262
21.3;Introduction;262
21.4;Functional intreactions of estradiol and IGF-I in the nervous system;263
21.5;Molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of estradiol and IGF-I in the nervous system;270
21.6;Future directions;275
21.7;Acknowledgements;276
21.8;References;276
22;Chapter 15 A hormonal contraceptive for men: how close are we?;284
22.1;Abstract;284
22.2;Keywords;284
22.3;Introduction;284
22.4;Principles of hormonal male contraception;285
22.5;The various hormonal regimens tested for male contraception;287
22.6;Remaining questions and problems;293
22.7;Conclusions and future perspectives;296
22.8;References;296
23;Subject Index;300