Medical Applications of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning

Erscheinungsjahr 2021
ISBN: 978-1-5106-4534-9
Verlag: SPIE Press

Buch, Englisch, 252 Seiten, Paperback

Reihe: Press Monographs

This book focuses on machine-learning medical applications based on molecular spectroscopy and molecular imaging data. Written with specialists in biomedical optics, laser spectroscopy, bioengineering, and medical engineering in mind, the chapters cover topics such as biomarker conception, molecular laser imaging, and artificial intelligence; laser-based molecular-data-acquisition technologies; feature selection and extraction methods; unsupervised and supervised approaches; and in vivo non-invasive diagnostics using laser molecular spectroscopy and imaging combined with machine learning. Sample datasets and Python modules are provided as supplemental materials for the most useful algorithms.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Bildgebende Verfahren, Nuklearmedizin, Strahlentherapie Radiologie, Bildgebende Verfahren
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Signalverarbeitung, Bildverarbeitung, Scanning

Inhaltsverzeichnis

- Preface
- 1 Fundamental Concepts Related to Laser Molecular Imaging
- Introduction
- 1.1 Molecular Biomarkers
- 1.1.1 Biomarker conception
- 1.1.2 Groups of molecular ""omics"" biomarkers
- 1.1.3 Pattern-recognition approach for metabolic profiling
- 1.1.4 Biological specimens for noninvasive diagnostics
- 1.2 Basics of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy and Imaging
- 1.2.1 Molecule absorption spectra
- 1.2.2 Raman scattering spectra
- 1.2.3 Fluorescence spectra
- 1.2.4 Molecular imaging
- 1.3 Basics of Machine Learning
- Conclusion
- References
- 2 Laser-based Molecular Data-Acquisition Technologies
- Introduction
- 2.1 Data-Acquisition Technologies Suitable for Breath Biopsy
- 2.1.1 The aim of data acquisition by breathomics
- 2.1.2 Nonoptical experimental methods for breathomics
- 2.1.3 Breath air sampling
- 2.1.4 Laser absorption spectroscopy
- 2.1.5 Fluorescence spectroscopy
- 2.2 Data Acquisition Technologies Suitable for Optical Liquid Biopsy
- 2.2.1 Possible optical modes for liquid sample analysis
- 2.2.2 Data acquisition using unprocessed or drying liquid samples
- 2.3 Data Acquisition Technologies Suitable for Optical Tissue Biopsy
- 2.3.1 Experimental methods for nonoptical tissue biopsy
- 2.3.2 Interaction of laser radiation with a tissue
- 2.3.3 Possible experimental laser spectroscopy methods for in vivo tissue optical biopsy
- 2.3.4 Possible experimental laser molecular imaging methods for in vivo tissue optical biopsy
- Conclusion
- References
- 3 Informative Feature Extraction
- Introduction
- 3.1 Feature Selection
- 3.1.1 Univariate methods of feature selection
- 3.1.2 Multivariate methods of feature selection
- 3.2 Feature Extraction
- 3.3 Outliers and Noise Reduction
- 3.3.1 Outlier removal
- 3.3.2 Noise reduction by signal filtration
- Conclusion
- References
- 4 Clusterization and Predictive Model Construction
- Introduction
- 4.1 Unsupervised Learning Methods: Clusterization
- 4.1.1 K-means algorithm
- 4.1.2 Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN)
- 4.1.3 Markov clusterization algorithm (MCL)
- 4.2 Predictive Model Construction
- 4.2.1 Linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
- 4.2.2 K-nearest neighbors (KNN)
- 4.2.3 Partial least squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)
- 4.2.4 Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA)
- 4.2.5 Naive Bayes
- 4.2.6 Support vector machine (SVM)
- 4.2.7 Multi-class decision rules based on binary classifiers
- 4.2.8 A random forest
- 4.2.9 Artificial neural networks
- 4.2.10 Extreme learning machine (ELM)
- 4.2.11 Deep learning neural networks
- 4.2.12 Improving prediction models; ensemble learning
- 4.2.13 Predictive model validation
- Conclusion
- References
- 5 Medical Applications
- Introduction
- 5.1 Breath Optical Biopsy by Laser Absorption Spectroscopy and Machine Learning
- 5.1.1 Machine learning pipeline for chemical-based breathomics
- 5.1.2 Machine learning pipeline for ""profiling""-based breathomics
- 5.2 Liquid Optical Biopsy by IR and THz Laser Spectroscopy and Machine Learning
- 5.2.1 Calibration and pre-processing
- 5.2.2 Chemical-based liquid optical biopsy data modeling by machine learning
- 5.2.3 ""Profiling""-based liquid optical biopsy data modeling by machine learning
- 5.3 Tissue Optical Biopsy Using Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning
- 5.3.1 Calibration and pre-processing
- 5.3.2 Tissue optical biopsy data modeling using machine learning
- Conclusion
- References
- Supplemental Materials
- Index