The dramatic evolution of catalytic converters in the last thirty years was a result of a need worldwide to reduce pollution created by the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. Environmental concerns have led American, Japanese and European Union (EU) legislation to pose continuously stricter emission limits for petrol engines in the last decades. The catalytic converter has become the most important means of exhaust treatment to achieve the desired emission limits. The international legislation has also created a need for a regular assessment of the efficiency of the catalytic converter in order to detect a deterioration of its conversion efficiency as soon as this deterioration takes place. The assessment of conversion efficiency of a catalytic converter can take place during normal driving of a vehicle (on-board diagnosis or OBD) or in a workshop by specialized technicians. The most important methods nowadays are the OBD methods. The evolution of methods concerned with OBD and non-OBD monitoring and diagnosing of efficiency of catalytic converters of internal combustion engines is described based on patents and published patent applications. Non-patent references are also used. The basic principles of modern catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is demonstrated. The book is divided into four parts. The first part describes methods involving the use of oxygen or air/fuel exhaust gas sensors to determine the oxygen storage capacity of a catalytic converter. The second part describes methods involving the use of temperature sensors to determine the exothermic reaction capacity of a catalytic converter. The third part describes all other methods existing in patent literature that monitor and diagnose the efficiency of catalytic converters. The great majority of the methods of the third part involves exhaust gas concentration measurements. The fourth part comprises a general discussion of all methods described. In the beginning of each part, a short introduction is given to explain the problem that the methods attempt to solve. The methods in each part are presented in chronological order per patent applicant. This helps to evaluate how the patent applicant has improved his methods over time. A patent number index with information about the patent applicants, inventors, priorities and patent-families, an inventor index, a company index and a subject index can be found at the end of the book.
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Summary. Preface. Symbols and Abbreviations. Note on Cited Patent Documents. Introduction. Part One: Catalytic Converter Functionality Diagnosis by Means of Oxygen or Air/Fuel Ratio Sensors. Robert Bosch GmbH. Daimler-Benz AG. Ford Motor Co. - Ford France SA - Ford Werke AG - Ford Motor Co. Canada - Ford Motor Co. Ltd. Toyota Motor Co. Ltd. Nippon Denso Co. Honda Motor Co. Ltd. Hitachi Ltd. Mazda Motor Corporation. Siemens Automotive SA - Siemens AG. NGK Spark Plug Co. Suzuki Motor Corporation. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation - Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. General Motors Corp. Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. Other methods. Part Two: Catalytic Converter Functionality Diagnosis by Means of Temperature Measurements. Emitec Gesellschaft Emissionstechnik für Emissionstechnologie - Dr. Ing. H.c.F. Porsche AG. Nissan Motor Co. Robert Bosch GmbH. Volkswagen AG. Ford Motor Co. - Ford France SA - Ford Werke AG - Ford Motor Co. Canada - Ford Motor Co. Ltd. Siemens AG - Siemens Automotive SA - Bayerische Motoren Werke AG - Mercedes Benz AG. Toyota Motor Co. Ltd. NGK Insulators Ltd. General Motors Corporation. Other Methods. Part Three: Other Methods for Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters. Ford Motor Co. - Ford France SA - Ford Werke AG - Ford Motor Co. Canada - Ford Motor Co. Ltd. Volkswagen AG - General Motors Corp. Hitachi America Ltd. - Hitachi Ltd. Robert Bosch GmbH. Other methods. Part Four: Discussion and Comparison of Existing Methods. References. Patent Number Index. Inventor Index. Company Index. Subject Index.
