Moldoveanu Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules

Applications to Health and Environmental Issues
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-08-093215-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 737 Seiten

Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules with Applications to Health and Environmental Issues, the 28th volume in the Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry series, gives a systematic and comprehensive description of pyrolysis of non-polymeric organic molecules. Pyrolysis is involved in many practical applications as well as in many common human activities, but harmful compounds can be generated in the process. The study of pyrolysis and of the formation of undesirable compounds as a result of pyrolytic processes is of considerable interest to chemists, chemical engineers, and toxicologists.
Pyrolysis results for compounds not previously studied or reportedUpdated information from a large body of results published on pyrolysis of individual compounds or classes of compoundsInformation on mechanisms and kinetics of numerous pyrolytic processes

Dr. Serban Moldoveanu is Sr. Principal Scientist at R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. His research activity is focused on various aspects of chromatography including method development for the analysis by GC/MS, HPLC, LC/MS/MS of natural products and cigarette smoke. He also performed research on pyrolysis of a variety of polymers and small molecules. He has over 100 publications in peer reviewed journals, six books published with Elsevier, five books published with other publishers, and several chapter contributions to other books. He is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Moldoveanu, Serban C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front cover;1
2;Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules with Applications to Health and Environmental Issues;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Preface;6
5;Contents;8
6;Part 1. Organic Non-Polymeric Molecules: Fundamental Concepts of Pyrolysis, Risk Assessment, and Toxicology;14
6.1;Chapter 1. Introduction;16
6.1.1;1.1. Preliminary Information on Pyrolysis;16
6.1.2;1.2. Preliminary information on risk assessment and toxicology;18
6.1.3;1.3. References;19
6.2;Chapter 2. The Chemistry of the Pyrolytic Process;20
6.2.1;2.1. Basic characteristics of pyrolytic reactions;20
6.2.2;2.2. Elimination Reactions;21
6.2.3;2.3. Fragmentation and extrusion reactions;33
6.2.4;2.4. Rearrangement reactions;40
6.2.5;2.5. Other reaction types in pyrolysis;48
6.2.6;2.6. Pyrolysis in the presence of additional reactants or with catalysts;52
6.2.7;2.7. Pyrolysis of mixtures of compounds;58
6.2.8;2.8. References;60
6.3;Chapter 3. Physicochemical Aspects of the Pyrolytic Process;62
6.3.1;3.1. Thermodynamic factors in pyrolytic reactions;62
6.3.2;3.2. Kinetic factors in pyrolytic reactions;80
6.3.3;3.3. References;89
6.4;Chapter 4. Instrumentation Used in Pyrolysis;92
6.4.1;4.1. Optimization of the pyrolytic process for a specific goal;92
6.4.2;4.2. Instrumentation used in analytical pyrolysis;96
6.4.3;4.3. Instrumentation used in laboratory pyrolysis for synthesis purpose;107
6.4.4;4.4. Instrumentation used to simulate a specific pyrolytic process;109
6.4.5;4.5. Standardization of analytical pyrolysis techniques;110
6.4.6;4.6. Conditions for pyrolysis experiments in this book;112
6.4.7;4.7. References;115
6.5;Chapter 5. Basic Concepts Regarding Risk Assessment and Toxicology;118
6.5.1;5.1. Risk assessment principles;118
6.5.2;5.2. Toxicology principles;119
6.5.3;5.3. References;123
6.6;Chapter 6. The Utility of Pyrolysis Studies;124
6.6.1;6.1. Information from analytical pyrolysis;124
6.6.2;6.2. The use of pyrolysis in organic synthesis;128
6.6.3;6.3. Industrial and laboratory applications of pyrolysis in various processes related to burning;131
6.6.4;6.4. Applications of pyrolysis in forensic science;135
6.6.5;6.5. References;137
7;Part 2. Pyrolysis Products of Organic Non-Polymeric Molecules;142
7.1;Chapter 7. Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons;144
7.1.1;7.1. Acyclic saturated hydrocarbons;144
7.1.2;7.2. Cyclic saturated hydrocarbons;174
7.1.3;7.3. Alkenes;182
7.1.4;7.4. Alkadienes and polyenes;195
7.1.5;7.5. Cycloalkenes;203
7.1.6;7.6. Alkynes;213
7.1.7;7.7. Aromatic hydrocarbons;217
7.1.8;7.8. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pyrolysis and combustion of hydrocarbons;228
7.1.9;7.9. References;235
7.2;Chapter 8. Pyrolysis of Halogenated Hydrocarbons;244
7.2.1;8.1. Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons;244
7.2.2;8.2. Aliphatic hydrocarbons substituted with other halogens;257
7.2.3;8.3. Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons;265
7.2.4;8.4. References;270
7.3;Chapter 9. Pyrolysis of Alcohols and Phenols;272
7.3.1;9.1. Alcohols;272
7.3.2;9.2. Enols;307
7.3.3;9.3. Phenols;307
7.3.4;9.4. Di- and poly-hydroxybenzenes;311
7.3.5;9.5. Alcohols and phenols with additional functional groups;319
7.3.6;9.6. References;324
7.4;Chapter 10. Pyrolysis of Ethers;328
7.4.1;10.1. Aliphatic ethers;328
7.4.2;10.2. Unsaturated ethers;332
7.4.3;10.3. Aromatic ethers;332
7.4.4;10.4. Ethers with one alkyl and one aryl substituent;335
7.4.5;10.5. Epoxides and larger cyclic ethers;342
7.4.6;10.6. Acetals and hemiacetals;349
7.4.7;10.7. References;350
7.5;Chapter 11. Pyrolysis of Peroxy Compounds;352
7.5.1;11.1. Hydroperoxides;352
7.5.2;11.2. Peroxides;353
7.5.3;11.3. Ozonides;355
7.5.4;11.4. Acyl peroxides;355
7.5.5;11.5. References;356
7.6;Chapter 12. Pyrolysis of Thiols and Sulfides;358
7.6.1;12.1. Thiols;358
7.6.2;12.2. Sulfides;359
7.6.3;12.3. Disulfides;360
7.6.4;12.4. References;360
7.7;Chapter 13. Pyrolysis of Amines and Imines;362
7.7.1;13.1. Primary amines;362
7.7.2;13.2. Secondary and tertiary amines;364
7.7.3;13.3. Salts of amines;368
7.7.4;13.4. Quaternary ammonium hydroxides and salts;370
7.7.5;13.5. Amines containing other functional groups;373
7.7.6;13.6. Imines;375
7.7.7;13.7. References;376
7.8;Chapter 14. Pyrolysis of Other Nitrogen Containing Compounds;378
7.8.1;14.1. Nitro and nitroso compounds;378
7.8.2;14.2. Hydroxylamines, oxyamines, and N-alkoxyammonium hydroxide derivatives;386
7.8.3;14.3. Oximes and oxime derivatives;387
7.8.4;14.4. Amine N-oxides and nitrones;393
7.8.5;14.5. Hydrazines and hydrazones;394
7.8.6;14.6. Azo, diazo, and azoxy derivatives;399
7.8.7;14.7. Azides;405
7.8.8;14.8. References;406
7.9;Chapter 15. Pyrolysis of Aldehydes and Ketones;410
7.9.1;15.1. Aldehydes;410
7.9.2;15.2. Ketones;421
7.9.3;15.3. Ketenes;427
7.9.4;15.4. Thioaldehydes and thioketones;429
7.9.5;15.5. References;430
7.10;Chapter 16. Pyrolysis of Carbohydrates;432
7.10.1;16.1. Monosaccharides;432
7.10.2;16.2. Disaccharides;455
7.10.3;16.3. Carbohydrates with additional functional groups;460
7.10.4;16.4. References;482
7.11;Chapter 17. Pyrolysis of Carboxylic Acids;484
7.11.1;17.1. Monocarboxylic acids;484
7.11.2;17.2. Di- and polycarboxylic acids;495
7.11.3;17.3. Hydroxy acids;503
7.11.4;17.4. Carboxylic acids with other additional functionalities or groups;522
7.11.5;17.5. Salts of carboxylic acids;531
7.11.6;17.6. Thio acids;538
7.11.7;17.7. References;538
7.12;Chapter 18. Pyrolysis of Amino Acids and Small Peptides;540
7.12.1;18.1. Amino acids;540
7.12.2;18.2. Betaines;585
7.12.3;18.3. Small peptides;586
7.12.4;18.4. References;590
7.13;Chapter 19. Pyrolysis of Various Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids;592
7.13.1;19.1. Organic acid esters;592
7.13.2;19.2. Inorganic esters;608
7.13.3;19.3. Lactones;614
7.13.4;19.4. Organic acid anhydrides;620
7.13.5;19.5. Acyl chlorides;622
7.13.6;19.6. Amides and imides;624
7.13.7;19.7. Lactams;631
7.13.8;19.8. Hydroxamic acids and hydrazides;631
7.13.9;19.9. Nitriles and isocyanides;633
7.13.10;19.10. Thioesters and thioamides;635
7.13.11;19.11. References;637
7.14;Chapter 20. Pyrolysis of Derivatives of Carbonic Acid with Nitrogenous Functionalities;642
7.14.1;20.1. Amides of carbonic acid (carbamates and ureas);642
7.14.2;20.2. Guanidine and related compounds;653
7.14.3;20.3. Hydrazides of carbonic acid;653
7.14.4;20.4. Nitriles of carbonic acid (cyanates and isocyanates);654
7.14.5;20.5. References;655
7.15;Chapter 21. Pyrolysis of Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds;656
7.15.1;21.1. Aromatic heterocycles containing oxygen;656
7.15.2;21.2. Aromatic heterocycles containing nitrogen;663
7.15.3;21.3. Aromatic heterocycles containing sulfur;682
7.15.4;21.4. Aromatic heterocycles containing different heteroatoms;685
7.15.5;21.5. References;687
7.16;Chapter 22. Pyrolysis of Other Compounds with Heteroatoms;690
7.16.1;22.1. Boron-containing compounds;690
7.16.2;22.2. Silicon-containing compounds;690
7.16.3;22.3. Phosphorus and arsenic-containing compounds;693
7.16.4;22.4. Sulfur-containing compounds;697
7.16.5;22.5. Organometallic molecules and compounds of other elements;699
7.16.6;22.6. References;701
8;Part 3. Elements of Toxicology for Selected Classes of Pyrolysis Products;704
8.1;Chapter 23. Toxicological and Environmental Aspects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Related Compounds;706
8.1.1;23.1. PAHs with two condensed cycles;706
8.1.2;23.2. PAHs with more than two cycles;706
8.1.3;23.3. PAHs with additional functionalities;711
8.1.4;23.4. References;711
8.2;Chapter 24. Toxicological and Environmental Aspects of Dioxin-Like Compounds;714
8.2.1;24.1. Halogenated Aromatc hydrocarbons (PCBs and PBBs);714
8.2.2;24.2. Halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans;717
8.2.3;24.3. References;719
8.3;Chapter 25. Toxicological Aspects of Aromatic Heterocyclic Amines;720
8.3.1;25.1. Heterocyclic aromatic amines;720
8.3.2;25.2. References;722
9;Index;724