Montano Translational Biology in Medicine

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-908818-65-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 41, 228 Seiten

Reihe: Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomedicine

The recent emphasis in biomedical research on translational biology and personalized medicine is revolutionizing conceptual and experimental approaches to understanding and improving human health. Translational Biology in Medicine begins with an introduction to experimental model systems for disease, such as cell lines, primary cells, stem cells and animal models for disease, followed by a systematic description of genetic and genomic profiling and biomarker validation currently used in biomedical research. Examples of translation studies that have used these models and methods are presented, including studies in aging, tissue repair and chronic infection, each with an emphasis on how personalized medicine is transforming biomedicine. Bioethical considerations in translational study design and bioethical considerations in biomedical research are then covered, before concluding remarks, and a look towards the future of personalized medicine. - Describes cellular and animal model systems used in translational research - Discusses the use of blood, genetic and genomic biomarkers for disease - Presents translational studies in aging, tissue repair and infectious disease biomedicine

Dr Monty Montano is currently on the faculty at Harvard Medical School in the Department of Medicine. Dr Montano's laboratory is broadly interested in HIV infection, muscle wasting, fibrosis, and aging bioscience. Dr Montano is also the founder and president of MyoSyntax, a life sciences company focused on identifyingpersonalized supplements that optimize gains in and reduce losses of muscle mass.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Montano, M.

Leseproben

Abbreviations
AA amino acids ABP athlete biological passport ACTG AIDS Clinical Trials Group ACTRIIB activin type IIB receptor AIEC adherent invasive E. coli AKT Protein kinase B ALP alkaline phosphatase ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMPK 5'AMP-activated protein kinase AR androgen receptor ART antiretroviral therapy AUC area under the curve AZT azidothymidine BADGE Bayesian Analysis of Differential Gene Expression BAI1 brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 BAT brown adipose tissue BCAA branched-chain amino acids BMI body mass index BMP bone morphogenetic protein C3 complement component 3 CA capsid cART combination antiretroviral therapy CCL C-C chemokine ligand CCR C-C chemokine receptor CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDCV common disease–common variant CHICO “small boy” in Spanish; chico mutant flies are smaller in size CF cystic fibrosis CHS cardiovascular health study CK creatine kinase CKD chronic kidney disease CLF chronic liver failure CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendment CMV cytomegalovirus COPAS Complex Object Parametric Analyzer and Sorter COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CR caloric restriction CRO contract research organization CSF cerebrospinal fluid CT computed tomography CTD carboxy-terminal domain CTGF connective tissue growth factor CTU clinical trials unit CVD cardiovascular disease CXCR2 C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 DC dendritic cell DHT dihydrotestosterone DMD Duchenne MuscularDystrophy DSMB Data and Safety Monitoring Board dsRNA double-stranded RNA ECM extracellular matrix EHR electronic health record ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELMO engulfment and cell motility EMR electronic medical record ESCs embryonic stem cells exRNA extracellular RNA FDA Food and Drug Administration FGF fibroblast growth factor FN false negative FP false positive FudR fluorodeoxyuridine GALT gut-associated lymphoid tissue GDF growth differentiation factor GH growth hormone GLUT4 glucose transporter 4 GPCR G-protein coupled receptor GSK3 glycogen synthase kinase 3 GTPase GTP hydrolase GWAS genome-wide association study HA hyaluronic acid HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy HAI healthy aging index HCV hepatitis C virus HDAC4 histone deacetylase 4 HDACi histone deacetylase inhibitor HGF hepatocyte growth factor HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIV human immunodeficiency virus HLA human leukocyte antigen HMBA hexamethylenebisacetamide HPG hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal HSD 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase HSV herpes simplex virus HTS high-throughput compound screening IACUC institutional animal care and use committee IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICCB Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology IFN interferon IGF insulin-like growth factor IL-2 interleukin-2 InR insulin-like receptor INSR insulin receptor iPS induced pluripotent stem (cells) IR insulin resistance IRB Institutional Review Board IRS insulin receptor substrate IT information technology IVT in vitro translated JAK Janus kinase KS Kaposi’s sarcoma LA/VP levator ani muscle and ventral prostate weight LAT1 L-type amino acid transporter 1 LC Langerhans cell LPS lipo-polysaccharide LTR HIV-1 promoter MA matrix MAFBx Muscle Atrophy F-Box MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase MCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 MDC macrophage-derived chemokine MHC major histocompatibility complex miRNA microRNA MMP matrix metalloproteinase MnSOD manganese superoxide dismutase MPCs muscle precursor cells (satellite cells) MRCA most recent common ancestor MRF myogenic regulatory factor MRI magnetic resonance imaging MSTN myostatin mtDNA mitochondrial DNA mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin mTORC1 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 MuRF1 Muscle Ring Finger-1 MyoD myogenic differentiation 1 NCGC NIH Chemical Genomics Center NECS New England Centenarian Study NFAT-c nuclear factor of activated T cells-c NGS next-generation sequencing NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHP non-human primate NIH National Institutes of Health NMJ neuromuscular junction NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NOS nitric oxide synthase NRTI nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer OHARA Oral HIV-1/AIDS Research Alliance OTC over-the-counter oxLDL oxidized low-density lipoprotein OXPHOS oxidative phosphorylation P3NP procollagen N-terminal peptide PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells PCR polymerase chain reaction PD-1 programmed cell death...