Newman Quantitative Ecotoxicology, Second Edition

2. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4398-3565-4
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 592 Seiten

Quantitative Ecotoxicology, Second Edition explores models and methods of quantitative ecotoxicology at progressively higher biological scales using worked examples and common software packages. It complements the author’s previous books, Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology, Third Edition and Ecotoxicology: A Comprehensive Treatment.
Encouraging a more rigorous inferential approach to research, the book examines the quantitative features of the science of ecotoxicology. The first chapters lay the foundation by introducing fundamental concepts and definitions. The author traces the historical perspective, rationale, and characteristics of scientific ecotoxicology as well as the general measurement process. He also considers methodologies for defining and controlling variance, which could otherwise exclude valid conclusions from ecotoxicological endeavors.
The book then discusses ecotoxicological concepts at increasing levels of ecological organization and outlines quantitative methods used to measure toxicant accumulation and effects. Reflecting the importance of establishing type I and type II error rates, it highlights design issues, particularly sample size and power estimation. The final chapter summarizes the book with a brief discussion of ecotoxicology from a nonregulatory perspective.
Extensively updated, this second edition has been expanded to include terrestrial as well as aquatic ecotoxicology. Requiring only a basic knowledge of statistics, this highly readable book is suitable for graduate students and researchers as well as practicing environmental scientists and engineers. It guides readers to better understand the fate and effects of toxicants in the biosphere—and helps them frame this understanding in quantitative terms.
What’s New in This Edition

- More than 40 new figures and 20 new worked examples

- Updated measurement quality methods and software

- Expanded coverage of synecological models and methods

- More integration of Bayesian concepts

- Appendices for power analysis and basic matrix methods

- Additional mixture toxicity and up-and-down methods

- Greatly expanded discussion of significance testing

- Expanded discussion of metapopulations

- Matrix tools for population demography

- Light isotope-based models for trophic transfer of toxicants

- Inclusion of metacommunity and SHE analysis techniques

Zielgruppe

Researchers and graduate students dealing with effects of pollutants, practicing environmental scientists and engineers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Newman, Michael C.

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geologie Marine Geologie, Ozeanographie (Meereskunde)
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Toxikologie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Angewandte Biologie Biomathematik
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Limnologie (Süßwasser)
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Hydrobiologie
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie Umweltchemie, Lebensmittelchemie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Ökologie
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geochemie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction
Ecotoxicology as a Scientific Discipline
Toxicants and Biosphere
Toxicant Effects in Ecosystems
Toxicant Fate in Ecosystems
Organization of Knowledge Based on Explanatory Principles
Bayesian Inference
Toward Strongest Possible Inference and Clear Ecological Relevance
References

The Measurement Process
General
Regions of Quantitation
Blank Correction
Accuracy and Precision
Variance Structure
Sample Size
Outliers
Summary
References

Bioaccumulation
General
Modeling Bioaccumulation: General Approach
Modeling Bioaccumulation: Alternative Approaches
Intrinsic Factors Affecting Bioaccumulation
Summary
References

Lethal and Other Quantal Responses to Stress
General
Dose-Response at a Set Endpoint
Time to Death
Quantifying the Effects of Extrinsic Factors
Quantifying Effects of Intrinsic Factors
Toxicant Mixtures
Summary
References

Statistical Tests for Detection of Chronic Lethal and Sublethal Stress
General
Method Selection
One-Way Analysis of Variance
Test of Normality: Shapiro–Wilk’s Test
Test for Homogeneity of Variances: Bartlett’s Test
Treatment Means Compared to the Control Mean
Monotonic Trend: Williams’s Test
Steel’s Multiple Treatment-Control Rank Sum Test
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test with Bonferroni’s Adjustment
A Second Look at Statistical Testing
Inferring Biological Significance from Statistical Significance
Summary
References

Population and Metapopulation Effects
General
Epidemiology
Population Size
Demography
Spatial Distribution of Individuals
Population Genetics
Summary
References

Community Effects
General
Simple Species Interactions
Community Structure and Function
Composite Indices
Metacommunities
Trophic Exchange
Summary
References

Summary
Application
Facilitating Growth of the Science
References

Appendices
Appendix 1: Factors for Estim

Über Autor(innen)

Michael C. Newman is currently the A. Marshall Acuff Jr. Professor of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary’s Virginia Institute of Marine Science, where he also served as Dean of Graduate Studies for the School of Marine Sciences from 1999 to 2002. His research interests include quantitative ecotoxicology, environmental statistics, risk assessment, population effects of contaminants, metal chemistry and effects, and bioaccumulation and biomagnification modeling. In addition to more than 125 articles, he has authored five books and edited another six on these topics. The English edition and Mandarin and Turkish translations of Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology have been adopted widely as the textbook for introductory ecotoxicology courses.