Orie Acquisition Reversal

The Effects of Postlingual Deafness in Yoruba
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-61451-045-1
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 47, 292 Seiten

Reihe: Studies on Language Acquisition [SOLA]

This is the first comprehensive account of prolonged hearing loss and its impact on a language that was once spoken fluently. Although it is currently assumed that hearing loss results in speech deterioration, it is shown that language loss occurs when speakers remain deaf for a long time. The reader is introduced to a significant deaf population — postlingually deafened Yoruba speakers who have been deaf for more than twenty years and who have no access to hearing aids or speech therapy. After becoming deaf, they continue to speak Yoruba from memory and “hear” visually through lip reading. These speakers exhibit phonological, lexical and syntactic losses which mirror acquisition patterns attested in the speech of Yoruba children. Based on these similarities, it is argued that a direct link exists between language loss and first language acquisition. It is further argued that prolonged deafness results in language reversal. Finally, the book presents the first description of the sign language and gestures used by deafened speakers to augment their spoken language. These findings will be of value to linguists, speech, language and hearing therapists, anthropologists, Africanists, deaf studies researchers, and non-specialists who are interested in hearing health and wellness.

Zielgruppe

Linguists, speech, language and hearing therapists and researchers, cross-cultural Deaf studies researchers and teachers, psychologists, anthropologists, Africanists, social and public health workers and specialists in Deaf studies and Yoruba studies

Autoren/Hrsg.

Orie, Olanike Ola

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Einzelne Sprachen & Sprachfamilien
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Spracherwerb, Sprachentwicklung
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Zeichensprachen, Künstliche Sprachen
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Psycholinguistik, Neurolinguistik, Kognition

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgments;9
2;Abbreviations;11
3;Chapter 1 Postlingual Deafness;13
3.1;1.1 Introduction;13
3.2;1.2 Factors affecting language development and maintenance after hearing loss;16
3.3;1.3 Deafness and its causes among the Yoruba;18
3.4;1.4 First language attrition, postlingual deafness, language loss;20
3.5;1.5 The Empirical Base;23
3.6;1.6 Theoretical framework;24
3.6.1;1.6.1 Optimality Theory: markedness and faithfulness;27
3.6.2;1.6.2 Childhood Postlingual Deafness: Belfast English Patterns;32
3.7;1.7 Goals and Organization of the Book;35
4;Chapter 2 The Yoruba: the people and their language;37
4.1;2.1 The Yoruba of West Africa and Diaspora;37
4.2;2.2 Yoruba Language;43
4.2.1;2.2.1 The sound system (Phonetics and Phonology);44
4.2.2;2.2.2 Word size and word formation (Morphology);58
4.2.3;2.2.3 Sentence formation (Syntax);60
5;Chapter 3 Deafness, Societal Attitude, and Language Adaptation;65
5.1;3.1 Attitude toward the Deaf;65
5.2;3.2 Congenital deafness;66
5.3;3.3 When a deaf child is motherless or orphaned: the story of Kuye.?;71
5.4;3.4 Postlingually Acquired Deafness: Challenges and Language Adaptation;76
5.4.1;3.4.1 “I cannot believe I can still talk”: the postlingually deafened child;76
5.4.2;3.4.2 “Listening and hearing with my eyes”: reading lips and reading gestures;79
5.4.3;3.4.3 Life at School for the Deaf;81
5.4.4;3.4.4 “I miss hearing my language”: the challenges of mothering hearing children;85
5.4.5;3.4.5 “Ears are like kidneys, you can indeed live well with only one”: hearing with one ear;89
5.4.6;3.4.6 Hearing aids and language preservation;91
6;Chapter 4 Yoruba Sign Language: A Basic Description;93
6.1;4.1 Background;93
6.2;4.2 Contrasting Yoruba co-speech gesture and Yoruba Sign Language;99
6.2.1;4.2.1 Gestures and YSL Similarity: Pointing;99
6.2.2;4.2.2 Gestures and YSL Differences;100
6.3;4.3 The phonology of YSL;109
6.3.1;4.3.1 One- versus Two-Handed Signs;110
6.3.2;4.3.2 Hand shapes;112
6.3.3;4.3.3 Location;119
6.3.4;4.3.4 Movement;124
6.3.5;4.3.5 Non-manual articulators - head, mouth, face, nose, arm, leg;128
6.4;4.4 The Morphology of YSL;135
6.4.1;4.4.1 Monomorphemic signs;135
6.4.2;4.4.2 Polymorphemic signs;136
6.4.3;4.4.3 Other Morphological Processes;138
6.5;4.5 YSL Syntax;142
6.5.1;4.5.1 Basic Word order;142
6.5.2;4.5.2 Negation and Questions;144
6.6;4.6 Discussion and Conclusion;149
7;Chapter 5 Postlingual Deafness at Age 5: Patterns of Loss after 25 Years;151
7.1;5.1 Postlingual Deafness Phonological Patterns;152
7.1.1;5.1.1 Consonants;152
7.1.2;5.1.2 Vowels;158
7.1.3;5.1.3 Tones;165
7.1.4;5.1.4 Syllable structure;171
7.2;5.2 Morphology;175
7.3;5.3 Syntax;178
7.4;5.4 Summary of M’s grammar;182
8;Chapter 6 Postlingual Deafness at Age 8: Patterns of Loss after 25 Years;184
8.1;6.1 Postlingual Deafness Phonological Patterns;184
8.1.1;6.1.1 Consonants;184
8.1.2;6.1.2 Vowels;188
8.1.3;6.1.3 Tone patterns;195
8.1.4;6.1.4 Syllable structure;200
8.2;6.2 Morphology;203
8.3;6.3 Syntax;207
8.4;6.4 Summary and Comparison of T and M’s grammars;212
9;Chapter 7 The Connection of Postlingual Deafness Language Loss to Acquisition;215
9.1;7.1 Children’s acquisition of phonology;215
9.2;7.2 Yoruba child phonology;216
9.2.1;7.2.1 Tones;217
9.2.2;7.2.2 Oral Vowels;220
9.2.3;7.2.3 Nasal vowel patterns;227
9.2.4;7.2.4 Consonants;229
9.2.5;7.2.5 Syllables;236
9.2.6;7.2.6 Phonological Acquisition and Postlingual Deafness Attrition;240
9.3;7.3 Morphology;243
9.4;7.4 Syntax;247
9.4.1;7.4.1 Two-word stage;247
9.4.2;7.4.2 Telegraphic Multi-word Stage;249
9.4.3;7.4.3 Full finite sentences;251
9.4.4;7.4.4 Complex sentences: Focus construction;252
9.4.5;7.4.5 Child Yoruba syntax and syntactic attrition;255
9.5;7.5 Acquisition and Postlingual Deafness Attrition as Mirror Markedness-based Systems;256
10;Chapter 8 Summary, Suggestions for Rehabilitation and Further Research;262
10.1;8.1 Summary of findings;262
10.1.1;8.1.1 Defining Deafness;262
10.1.2;8.1.2 Documenting a less known aspect of Yoruba: postlingual deafness data;263
10.1.3;8.1.3 Parallel patterns in attrition and acquisition;263
10.1.4;8.1.4 The age factor in determining the degree of attrition;264
10.1.5;8.1.5 Documenting Yoruba Sign Language;264
10.2;8.2 Suggestions for Linguistic Rehabilitation;264
10.3;8.3 Remaining issues and recommendations for further research;267
11;References;270
12;Index;291

Über Autor(innen)

Orie, Olanike Ola
Olanike Ola Orie, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.