Geology

Basics for Engineers
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-415-46165-8
Verlag: CRC Press

Buch, Englisch, 590 Seiten, Format (B × H): 171 mm x 246 mm, Gewicht: 1361 g

Geology – Basics for Engineers presents the physical and chemical characteristics of the Earth, the nature and the properties of rocks and unconsolidated deposits/sediments, the action of water, how the earth is transformed by various phenomena at different scales of time and space. The book shows the engineer how to take geological conditions into account in his projects, and how to exploit a wide range of natural resources in an intelligent way, reduce geological hazards, and manage subsurface pollution.
Through a problem-based-learning approach, this instructional text imparts knowledge and practical experience to engineering students (undergraduate and graduate level), as well as to experts in the fields of civil engineering, environmental engineering, earth sciences, architecture, land and urban planning.

The DVD that supplements the book contains solutions to the problems and animations that show additional facets of the living Earth.

*The original French edition of the book (2007) won the prestigious Roberval Prize, an international contest organized by the University of Technology of Compiegne in collaboration with the General Council of Oise, France. Geology, Basics for Engineers, was selected out of a total of 110 candidates.The jury praised the book as a “very well conceived teaching textbook” and underscored its highly didactic nature, as well as the excellent quality of its illustrations.

Zielgruppe

Civil Engineers (incl. hydraulic and geotechnical engineers), Environmental Engineers, Geologists, Geophysicists, Hydrogeologists, Material Engineers, Land Planners, Architects, Water Supply Managers, Natural Hazards Managers

Autoren/Hrsg.

Parriaux, Aurele

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geologie GIS, Geoinformatik
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geotechnik
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geologie
• Technische Wissenschaften Bauingenieurwesen Boden- und Felsmechanik, Geotechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. The Geology-Engineering Partnership

- Areas of engineering geology

- Project construction

- Natural hazards

- Geological resources

- Environmental pollution

- The history of geology

2. The Earth in Space

- The solar system

- Historical representations

- General structure

- The Earth’s revolution

- The telluric planets

- Atmospheres and hydrospheres

- Geology and geologic activity

- Giant planets

- Comets

- Meteorites

- Stony meteorites

- Metallic meteorites

3. The Earth in Time

- Measurement of geologic time

- Radiometric methods

- Stratigraphic methods

- Paleontological methods

- Summary of dating methods

- Origin of the Universe and matter

- Initial nucleosynthesis

- Stellar phase

- Accretion of the planets

- Voyage through time: From the Precambrian to the

- Quaternary

- Precambrian Era

- Primary Era (Paleozoic)

- Secondary Era (Mesozoic)

- Tertiary Era (Cenozoic)

- Quaternary Era (Anthropozoic)

4. Physics of the Globe

- Seismology

- Rupture mechanisms

- Types of seismic waves

- Laws of wave propagation

- Causes of earthquakes

- Monitoring and treatment of seismic signals

- Seismic risk

- Seismic prospecting

- Gravimetry

- Connection with mechanics

- Notion of a geoid

- Measurement of the gravitational fi eld and its

- treatment

- Interpretation of anomalies

- Principles of isostasy

- Density of Earth’s rocks

- Magnetism

- Causes of the Earth’s magnetic fi eld

- Components of the magnetic fi eld at a point

- on the Earth’s surface

- Measurement of the magnetic fi eld

- Paleomagnetism

- Geothermics

- Thermal transfer within the Earth

- Exploitation of geothermal energy

5. Rock Forming Minerals

- Crystallography

- Internal structure of minerals

- Crystal morphology

- Cohesion properties

- Optical properties of minerals

- Geochemistry

- Silicates

- Carbonates

- Sulfates

- Phosphates

- Halides

- Sulfi des

- Oxides and hydroxides

- Practical mineral identifi cation

6. Magmatism and Magmatic Rocks

- Composition of the Earth’s layers

- Magmatism and plate tectonics

- The history of plate tectonics

- Paleomagnetic reconstruction

- Possible relationships between plates

- From magma to magmatic rocks

- Process of magma generation

- Magma solidifi cation processes

- Magmatic confi gurations

- Magmatic events

- Plutonism and plutonic rocks

- Volcanism and volcanic rocks

- Major magmatic rocks

- Classifi cation

- Field identifi cation methods

7. The Water Cycle

- Water reserves and their exchanges

- The atmosphere

- Atmospheric reservoir

- The greenhouse effect

- Atmospheric precipitation

- Rainfall fractionation on the soil

- Surface water

- Rivers and streams

- Lakes

- Glaciers

- Groundwater

- Porosity of geological materials

- Water fl ow in geologic media

- Basics of hydrodynamics

- Application of permeability to the subsurface

- Hydrodynamic application of fl ow toward a well

- Hydrologic balance of aquifers

- Groundwater intake

- Effects of drainage and irrigation

- Groundwater management

- Groundwater protection

- Groundwater and civil engineering projects

- Water in the seas and oceans

8. The Continental Sedimentary Environment

- Generalities

- Continental erosion

- Continental sedimentation

- The slope environments

- Particle transport on slopes

- Mass transport

- The alluvial environment

- Solid transport in rivers

- Areas of stream and river erosion

- Alluvial zones

- The lacustrine environment

- Deltas

- Lacustrine basins

- The palustrine environment

- Swamps at the bottom of depressions

- Swamps created by springs

- Marsh drainage

- Exploitation of peat

- Boreal and polar environments

- Glacial regions

- Non-glaciated regions

- The desert environment

- Eolian erosion and transport close to the soil

- Transport of suspended particles

- Water in deserts

- Protective measures

9. The Oceanic Sedimentary Environment

- Continental margin

- Detrital sedimentation

- Biogenic sedimentation

- Evaporite deposits

- The continental rise and the abyssal plains

- Detrital sedimentation

- Biogenic sedimentation

- Hydrochemical sedimentation

10. Diagenesis and Properties of Sedimentary Rocks

- Diagenetic processes

- Compaction

- Cementation

- Mineralogical modifi cations

- Detrital rocks

- Conglomerates

- Sandstones

- Siltstone

- Claystones

- Biogenic rocks

- Carbonate rocks

- Siliceous rocks

- Fossil fuels

- Evaporite rocks

- Primary dolomite

- Gypsum and anhydrite

- Halite rocks

- Potassium rocks

- Cargneules

11. Metamorphism

- Transformation processes

- Mineralogical modifi cations

- Chemical modifi cations

- Mechanical modifi cations

- Types of metamorphism

- Regional metamorphism

- Contact metamorphism

- Cataclastic metamorphism

- Principal metamorphic rocks and their properties

- Pelitic sequence

- Quartzo-feldspathic sequence

- Carbonate sequence

- Calcareous-pelitic sequence

- Mafi c sequence

- Ultramafi c sequence

- Identifi cation of magmatic, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

12. Tectonics

- Mechanical stresses in the subsurface

- Physical defi nition

- Stress state in geological environments

- Stress-deformation relationships

- Laboratory tests

- Rock deformation observed in the fi eld

- Brittle deformation

- Joints

- Faults

- Thrusting

- Characterization of discontinuities in a rock massif

- Ductile deformation

- Folds

- Concentric folds

- Similar folds

- Fold nappes

- Geometric representation and treatment of structural elements

- Mapping of structural elements

- Geometric tools

- Stereographic projections

- The Alps: a tectonic model

- Jura

- Molasse plateau

- Prealps

- High Calcareous Alps

- External crystalline massifs

- Internal thrust nappes

- Present-day deformation

13. Weathering

- Weathering processes

- Thermal processes

- Physicochemical processes

- Catalog of weathering-prone materials

- Extent of weathering at depth

- Engineering concerns

- Weathering effects on mechanical properties

- Weathering effects on hydrogeological properties

- Screening for weathering

14. Geology’s Role in the Major Issues Facing Society

- Land development and natural resources

- Food resources

- Energy resources

- Underground resources

- Mineral resources

- Geomaterials resources

- Resources of the Space

- Environmental protection

- Ecosystems and biodiversity

- Natural hazards

- Climate change

- Geologic waste disposal

- Subsurface pollution

- Conclusion

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

Über Autor(innen)

About the author

Aurèle Parriaux studied geology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) in Lausanne, Switzerland. He obtained his Ph.D. in hydrogeology and followed several postgraduate courses in hydrogeology, operational hydrology and geotechnics.
In 1991, he was appointed Professor of Engineering Geology at EPFL and presently he is head of the Engineering and Environmental Geology Laboratory (GEOLEP) at the same institute. He leads a research team of about twenty people specializing in the fields of geological hazards and underground resources.
Professor Parriaux has significant teaching responsibilities. He teaches geology to students in 'Civil Engineering' and 'Environmental Sciences and Engineering'. Moreover, he teaches "Engineering Geology" at the Universities of Lausanne and Geneva.
Parallel to his research and teaching, Aurèle Parriaux carries out expert appraisals in various fields of engineering and environmental geology. In particular, the recent appraisal of the compatibility between construction of tunnels and protection of groundwater resources.
Since the creation of the new School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, he participates in the teaching related to territory and landscape into which he brings the geological and geomorphologic component.

Aurèle Parriaux is active in several international organizations. He was chairman of the Swiss Hydrogeological Society for six years. From 2001 to 2006 he was Director of the Civil Engineering Section of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne.
In 2006, he published his book "Géologie: bases pour l'ingénieur". The second edition of this successful textbook will be published in 2009. In competition with 105 scientific books, "Géologie: bases pour l'ingénieur" received the Roberval Prize in 2007. The publisher CRC Press/Balkema, member of the Taylor & Francis Group decided to publish an English translation of the book (Geology: basics for Engineers, 2009).
In December 2008, Prof. Parriaux was nominated Chevalier of the Order of Academic Palms by the Prime Minister of the Republic of France.