Polya Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive Compounds

A Pharmacological Reference Guide to Sites of Action and Biological Effects
1. Auflage 1998
ISBN: 978-1-134-39532-3
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 860 Seiten

When introduced to the human body, bioactive metabolites produced by plants for self defense bind to particular biochemical targets, most notably to proteins involved in signaling by hormones and neurotransmitters. This, essentially, is the basis for the effects of herbal medicine. While herbal medicine preparations may act by complex synergistic interactions, molecular explanations of herbal medicine efficacy and side effects ultimately require definition of the biochemical targets of individual plant bioactive constituents.

Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive Compounds is a comprehensive and user-friendly reference guide to biochemical targets of plant defensive compounds. With 500 pages of tables, it presents a mine of succinctly summarized information relating to bioactive compound structures, plant sources, biochemical targets and physiological effects that can be readily accessed via chemical compound, plant genus, plant common name and subject indexes. With introductory chapters providing reviews of the structural diversity of plant defensive compounds and biochemistry, this book is an invaluable reference for biomedical professionals in the fields of alternative/complementary medicine, natural product chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, and botany.

Zielgruppe

Biomedical professionals in the fields of alternative/complementary medicine, natural product chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, and botany

Autoren/Hrsg.

Polya, Gideon

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Pharmakologie, Toxikologie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biochemie (nichtmedizinisch)
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Komplementäre Medizin, Asiatische Medizin (TCM), Heilpraktiker

Inhaltsverzeichnis

PLANT DEFENSIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR MOLECULAR TARGETS
Introduction
Organization and Scope of the Book
Description of the Tables
Using the Tables
The Structural Diversity of Plant Defensive Compounds
Plant Alkaloids
Plant Phenolics
Plant Terpenes
Other Plant Compounds

BIOCHEMISTRY - THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
Introduction - Water-based Life
Protein Structure
Enzymes and Ligand-binding Proteins
Metabolic Strategies
Inhibition of Biochemical Processes by Plant Defensive Compounds

NEUROTRANSMITTER- AND HORMONE-GATED ION CHANNELS
Introduction - Electrical Signaling in Excitable Cells
Ionotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors - Neurotransmitter-gated Ion Channels
Structure and Function of Ionotropic Receptors

ION PUMPS, LIGAND- AND VOLTAGE-GATED ION CHANNELS
Introduction
Ion Pumps
Voltage-gated Na+ Channels
Ligand-Regulated and Voltage-gated K+ Channels
Voltage-gated Ca2+ Channels
Ligand-gated Ca2+ Channels
Chloride Transport and Voltage-regulated Chloride Channels

PLASMA MEMBRANE G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS
Introduction - Signaling Via Heterotrimeric G Proteins
G Protein-coupled Hormone and Neurotransmitter Receptors
Hormones and Neurotransmitters Acting Via G Protein-coupled Receptors
Activation of Specific G Protein-coupled Receptors
Leucocyte- and Inflammation-related G Protein-linked Receptors
Other G Protein-coupled Receptors

NEUROTRANSMITTER TRANSPORTERS AND CONVERTERS
Introduction
Synthesis of Neurotransmitters
Release of Neurotransmitters from Synaptic Vesicles
Re-uptake of Neurotransmitters into Neurons and Synaptic Vesicles
Neurotransmitter Degradation

CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-, Ca2+- AND NITRIC OXIDE-BASED SIGNALING
Introduction
Ca2+- and Calmodulin-dependent Enzymes
Adenylyl Cyclase
Membrane-bound and Soluble Guanylyl Cyclases
Nitric Oxide Synthesis
Cyclic AMP- and Cyclic GMP-dependent Protein Kinases
Protein Kinase Homologies and Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases

SIGNAL-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES
Introduction
Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase
Cyclic GMP-dependent Protein Kinase
Protein Kinase C
Ca2+ -calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinases
AMP-dependent Protein Kinase
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Protein Kinase B
Cytokine Activation of the JAK/STAT Pathway
Cell Cycle Control
Receptor Serine/Threonine Kinases
Other Protein Kinases
Phosphoprotein Phosphatases

GENE EXPRESSION, CELL DIVISION AND APOPTOSIS
Introduction
Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes
RNA Processing and Translation
Control of Translation
Protein Processing and Post-translational Modification
Protein Targeting
Cell Division and Apoptosis
HIV-1 Infection and HIV-1 Replication
Plant Compounds Interfering with Gene Expression

TASTE AND SMELL PERCEPTION, PHEROMONES AND SEMIOCHEMICALS
Introduction
Sweet Taste Receptors
Bitter Taste Receptors
Salty Taste Perception
Sour Taste Perception
Umami (Glutamate Taste Perception)
Odorant Perception
Animal Pheromones and Other Animal Bioactivities Produced by Plants
Other Plant Semiochemicals Affecting Animal Behavior
Odoriferous Animal Metabolites of Ingested Plant Compounds

AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS OF CYTOSOLIC HORMONE RECEPTORS
Introduction
Steroid Hormones
Non-steroid Cytosolic Hormone Receptor Ligands
Plant Bioactives Affecting Cyctosolic Receptor-mediated Signaling

POLYNUCLEOTIDES, POLYSACCHARIDES, PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND MEMBRANES
Introduction
Polynucleotides
Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides
Phospholipids and Membranes

INHIBITORS OF DIGESTION AND METABOLISM
Introduction
Glycohydrolases
Proteases
Glycolysis and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Mitochondrial Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Gluconeogenesis
Solute Translocation

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC PLANT COMPOUNDS
Introduction
Adhesion and Movement of Inflammatory Leucocytes
Chemokines
Phagocytosis
Kinins, Cytokines, Platelet Activating Factor and Eicosanoids
Plant-derived Anti-inflammatory Compounds
Diabetes Mellitus and Plant Antidiabetic Compounds
Summary

Appendix
Bibliography
Compound Index
Plant Genus Index
Plant Common Names Index
Subject Index
Abbreviations