Psychology of Learning and Motivation

Advances in Research and Theory
1. Auflage 1992
ISBN: 978-0-08-086379-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 28, 296 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Psychology of Learning and Motivation

The objective of the series has always been to provide a forum in which leading contributors to an area can write about significant bodies of research in which they are involved. The operating procedure has been to invite contributions from interesting, active investigators, and then allow them essentially free rein to present their perspectives on important research problems. The result of such invitations over the past two decades has been collections of papers which consist of thoughtful integrations providing an overview of a particular scientific problem. The series has an excellent tradition of high quality papers and is widely read by researchers incognitive and experimental psychology. The volume presents research ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. Topics covered fall within a wide range of disciplines from neuroscience to artificial intelligence.

Zielgruppe

Academic/professional/technical: Postgraduate. Academic/professional/technical: Research and professional

Autoren/Hrsg.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Psychologe of Learning and Motivation, Volume 28;4
3;Copyright Page ;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributors;10
6;Preface;12
7;CHAPTER 1. CONDITIONED FOOD PREFERENCES;14
7.1;I. Introduction;14
7.2;II. Learning and Food Preferences;16
7.3;III. Hunger and Food Preferences;29
7.4;IV. Characteristics of Food Preference Learning;34
7.5;V. Learning Processes Involved in Flavor Preference Learning;37
7.6;VI. Applications of Conditioned Food Preferences;42
7.7;References;43
8;CHAPTER 2. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING AS AN ADAPTIVE SPECIALIZATION: A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL;48
8.1;I. Introduction;48
8.2;II. Preliminaries;51
8.3;III. The Model;57
8.4;IV. Derivations;66
8.5;V. What Does Change over Trials?;76
8.6;References;78
9;CHAPTER 3. OCCASION SETTING IN PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING;82
9.1;I. Introduction;82
9.2;II. Distinguishing Conditioning from Occasion Setting;83
9.3;III. Conditions for the Acquisition of Occasion Setting;94
9.4;IV. Content of Learning in Occasion Setting;107
9.5;V. Conclusion;131
9.6;References;134
10;CHAPTER 4. PAIRINGS IN LEARNING AND PERCEPTION: PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING AND CONTINGENT AFTEREFFECTS;140
10.1;I. Introduction;140
10.2;II. The McCollough Effect;140
10.3;III. Pavlovian Conditioning and the ME;141
10.4;IV. Effective Induction Stimuli;142
10.5;V. Evidence for the Pavlovian Conditioning Analysis of the ME;148
10.6;VI. The ME’S Cousins;155
10.7;VII. Retention of the ME;157
10.8;VIII. Simultaneous Associations and the ME;158
10.9;IX. Relationship between Conditioning and Other Interpretations of the ME;161
10.10;X. The Functional Significance of the ME;165
10.11;XI. Conclusion;167
10.12;References;168
11;CHAPTER 5. EVOLUTIONARY MEMORIES, EMOTIONAL PROCESSING, AND THE EMOTIONAL DISORDERS;174
11.1;I. Overview;174
11.2;II. Selective Associations in Fear Conditioning: Evolutionary Memories?;176
11.3;III. Cognitive Processes Contributing to the Overgeneralization of Fear;186
11.4;IV. Cognitive Biases Promoting the Maintenance of Phobic Fears;190
11.5;V. Cognitive Biases Associated with Anxiety and Depression;205
11.6;VI. Conclusions;212
11.7;References;214
12;CHAPTER 6. INVESTIGATIONS OF AN EXEMPLAR-BASED CONNECTIONIST MODEL OF CATEGORY LEARNING;220
12.1;I. Introduction;220
12.2;II. Overview of the Context Model and ALEX;222
12.3;III. Quantitative Tests of ALEX;228
12.4;IV. Association Weight Learning in ALEX;240
12.5;V. Attentional Learning in ALEX;245
12.6;VI. Limitations, Extensions, and Evaluations;255
12.7;VII. Appendix: Comparisons with Standard Back Propagation Models;259
12.8;References;261
13;CHAPTER 7. RECONSTRUCTING THE PAST CATEGORY EFFECTS IN ESTIMATION;264
13.1;I. Introduction;264
13.2;II. The Model Thus Far;266
13.3;III. Extension of the Model;274
13.4;IV. Conclusions;291
13.5;References;292
14;Index;294
15;Contents of Recent Volumes;306