Rajaram / Siddiqui / Emran Khan From Landfill Gas to Energy

Technologies and Challenges
Erscheinungsjahr 2011
ISBN: 978-0-203-18142-3
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 325 Seiten

A comprehensive description of technologies available for converting old landfills to energy producers, and capturing the green house gases emitting from them. Its key assets are the case studies of successful landfill gas (LFG) recovery for energy projects around the world, and that it highlights why this has not been done in many more landfills around the world. Technical, financial, and social challenges facing the conversion of landfills to energy producers will be detailed, and solutions offered to either remine the landfill for recovering useful land (as is planned in dense urban areas of India) or close them properly while recovering the methane for energy use. Intended as a guide with background information and instructive tools to educate, guide and establish a basis for decision-making, technical feasibility assessment, economic assessment, and market evaluation of all aspects necessary for developing successful LFG management projects.

Zielgruppe

Professionals (policy makers, operators, engineers, consultants, regulators) involved with landfill sites and LFG management throughout the world with a background in Energy, Environmental, Waste, and Civil Engineering and Management

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rajaram, Raj

Rajaram, Vasudevan

Siddiqui, Faisal Zia

Emran Khan, M.

Emran Khan, Mohd

Fachgebiete

• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Wirtschaftssektoren & Branchen Energie- & Versorgungswirtschaft Energiewirtschaft: Alternative & Erneuerbare Energien
• Technische Wissenschaften Energietechnik | Elektrotechnik Biogasanlagen, Energie aus Biomasse
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Wirtschaftssektoren & Branchen Energie- & Versorgungswirtschaft Entsorgungswirtschaft

Inhaltsverzeichnis

I: Introduction

- Importance of landfill methane

- International landfill industry

- LFG Generation Mechanisms

- Factors Affecting LFG Generation

- Factors Affecting LFG Transport

- LFG Characteristics and Condensate

- Energy Potential of LFG

- Benefits of LFG Energy Recovery

II: LFG Recovery and Management

- Criteria for identifying suitability of landfill sites for LFG recovery

- Steps for conducting a landfill site assessment for LFG recovery

- LFG recovery from open dumps, controlled landfills, and sanitary landfills

- LFG recovery from active landfill versus closed landfill

- Types of liners, capping systems, and their impact on LFG generation/collection

- Daily/weekly/intermediate cover and waste compaction practices

- Landfill leachate treatment

- Test methods/protocols for LFG monitoring (Direct and indirect methods).

- Guidelines for conducting a pump test

- Economic feasibility of LFG project

III: Landfill Gas Modeling

- Benefits of Landfill Gas (LFG) Modeling

- Classification of LFG Emission Models

- Uncertainties in LFG Model Predictions

- Validation of LFG Models

- Customize models of LFG models to different climates and waste compositions

IV: Conceptual Design of Landfill Gas Collection System

- Extraction Wells

- Gas Monitoring Probes

- Header System Layout

- Active and Passive Condensate Collection

- Open and Closed Flaring of LFG

V: LFG Treatment Technologies

- Types of LFG treatment technologies

- High Pressure Water Scrubbing

- Pressure Swing Adsorption

- Chemical absorption

- Membrane separation

- Cryogenic separation

- Other LFG treatment technologies

VI: Landfill Gas Uses

- LFG Energy recovery technologies

- Microturbines

- Reciprocating Internal-combustion engines (ICEs)

- Stirling Cycle Engines

- Steam turbines

- Direct use in industry

- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

- Power generation using gas-driven engines

VI: Remediation of landfill sites

- Procedure for remediation of landfill sites with Low LFG Potential

- Recovering land through waste mining and processing

- Techniques to identify and control subsurface fires

- O&M of landfill site for LFG recovery

Conclusions and Recommendations
References

- Appendix-A: Format for monitoring of LFG.

- Appendix-B: Format for conducting waste audit at a landfill site.

- Appendix-C: Format for waste characterization.

- Appendix-D: A section on useful websites.

- Appendix-E: Glossary of terms and abbreviations

Über Autor(innen)

Raj Rajaram, Ph.D.,P.E., J.D.

Dr. Rajaram is a geotechnical and environmental engineer with 35 years of experience in sustainable environmental management. He has completed several large projects related to hazardous waste management, mining engineering, wastewater treatment and recycling, and municipal solid waste management. He opened and managed the operations of Tetra Tech India Limited (TTIL) in Delhi from 1994 to 2002, and built TTIL into one of the respected environmental consulting firms in India. He has transferred several waste management technologies from the US to India in the areas of municipal solid waste, wastewater treatment, and hazardous waste management.

Dr. Rajaram has authored over 40 papers in waste management and mining engineering, and published a book "Sustainable Mining Practices – A Global Perspective" in 2005 through Taylor & Francis, United Kingdom. He obtained his B.E. from Osmania University, Hyderabad, Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, and a J.D. from Illinois Institute of Technology, Kent College of Law, Chicago.

Dr. Rajaram is currently an associate at Techknow Engineering LLC Chicago, an architectural/engineering firm. He manages Construction Quality Assurance for the O’Hare Modernization Program projects, and the Delhi office of Techknow Engineering. Clients served by him include the Hindustan Zinc Limited, Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, the US Army Corps of Engineers, the Chicago Housing Authority, the Illinois Tollway and many in the private sector.

Dr. Rajaram received the International Leadership Award in 2000 and the International Award of Merit in 2002 from the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) Chicago.





Dr. Rajaram is active in community affairs, and serves on the Board of IIT Alumni Association and the University of Wisconsin Alumni Association. He is a Director at the Center for Transformation of Waste Technology in Wheaton, Illinois. He cofounded India Development Coalition of America (www.idc-america.org) in 2004 to promote sustainable development in India’s villages. Through this organization, he is assisting with water and sanitation projects in rural India.