Ridgway / Vance / McLeod Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes

5. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-0-08-055988-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 624 Seiten

Research on the biochemistry and molecular biology of lipids and lipoproteins has experienced remarkable growth in the past 20 years, particularly with the realization that many different classes of lipids play fundamental roles in diseases such as heart disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The 5th edition of this book has been written with two major objectives. The first objective is to provide students and teachers with an advanced up-to-date textbook covering the major areas of current interest in the lipid field. The chapters are written for students and researchers familiar with the general concepts of lipid metabolism but who wish to expand their knowledge in this area. The second objective is to provide a text for scientists who are about to enter the field of lipids, lipoproteins and membranes and who wish to learn more about this area of research. All of the chapters have been extensively updated since the 4th edition appeared in 2002.
Key Features:
* Represents a bridge between the superficial coverage of the lipid field found in basic biochemistry text books and the highly specialized material contained in scientific review articles and monographs.
* Allows scientists to become familiar with recent developments related to their own research interests, and will help clinical researchers and medical students keep abreast of developments in basic science that are important for subsequent clinical advances.
* Serves as a general reference book for scientists studying lipids, lipoproteins and membranes and as an advanced and up-to-date textbook for teachers and students who are familiar with the basic concepts of lipid biochemistry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ridgway, Neale

Vance, J.E.

McLeod, Roger

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Preface;6
3;List of contributors;8
4;Contents;12
5;Chapter 1. Functional roles of lipids in membranes;14
5.1;1. Introduction and overview;15
5.2;2. Diversity in lipid structure;16
5.3;3. Properties of lipids in solution;20
5.4;4. Engineering of membrane lipid composition;27
5.5;5. Role of lipids in cell function;30
5.6;6. Summary and future directions;48
5.7;Abbreviations;49
5.8;References;49
6;Chapter 2. Lipid modifications of proteins;52
6.1;1. Introduction;52
6.2;2. Protein prenylation;54
6.3;3. Fatty acylation of proteins: N-myristoylation;56
6.4;4. Fatty acylation of proteins: S-acylation;57
6.5;5. Membrane anchoring of fatty acylated and prenylated proteins: the two-signal hypothesis, lipid switches, and dynamic acylation;59
6.6;6. Membrane targeting and intracellular trafficking of fatty acylated and prenylated proteins;61
6.7;7. Lipid modifications of secreted proteins: Hedgehog, Wingless/ Wnt, and Spitz;62
6.8;8. GPI anchoring of proteins;64
6.9;9. Future directions;69
6.10;Abbreviations;70
6.11;References;70
7;Chapter 3. Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism in prokaryotes;72
7.1;1. Bacterial lipid metabolism;73
7.2;2. Membrane systems of bacteria;76
7.3;3. Bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis;77
7.4;4. Transfer to the membrane;84
7.5;5. Phospholipid biosynthesis;85
7.6;6. Lipid A biosynthesis;90
7.7;7. Phospholipid flippase;92
7.8;8. Degradation of fatty acids and phospholipids;93
7.9;9. Phospholipid turnover;97
7.10;10. Regulation of lipid metabolism;99
7.11;11. Lipid metabolism in other bacteria;103
7.12;12. Inhibitors of lipid metabolism;106
7.13;13. Future directions;107
7.14;Abbreviations;107
7.15;References;108
8;Chapter 4. Lipid metabolism in plants;110
8.1;1. Introduction;111
8.2;2. Plant lipid geography;112
8.3;3. Acyl-ACP synthesis in plants;114
8.4;4. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and control of fatty acid synthesis;117
8.5;5. Phosphatidic acid synthesis: ‘prokaryotic’ and ‘eukaryotic’ acyltransferases;117
8.6;6. Glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways;120
8.7;7. Lipid storage in plants;122
8.8;8. Protective lipids: cutin, suberin, and waxes;126
8.9;9. Sterol, isoprenoid, and sphingolipid biosynthesis;128
8.10;10. Oxylipins as plant hormones;129
8.11;11. Progress in plant lipid research: the value of mutants;131
8.12;12. Design of new plant oils;135
8.13;13. Future prospects;140
8.14;Abbreviations;141
8.15;References;142
9;Chapter 5. Oxidation of fatty acids in eukaryotes;144
9.1;1. The pathway of -oxidation: a historical account;144
9.2;2. Uptake and activation of fatty acids in animal cells;145
9.3;3. Fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria;147
9.4;4. Fatty acid oxidation in peroxisomes;159
9.5;5. Inherited diseases of fatty acid oxidation;164
9.6;6. Future directions;165
9.7;Abbreviations;166
9.8;References;166
10;Chapter 6. Fatty acid synthesis in eukaryotes;168
10.1;1. Introduction;169
10.2;2. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase;170
10.3;3. The cytosolic fatty acid synthase;173
10.4;4. The mitochondrial FAS;183
10.5;5. Regulation of fatty acid synthesis;184
10.6;6. Long-term regulation of fatty acid synthesis;192
10.7;7. Future directions;200
10.8;Abbreviations;201
10.9;References;201
11;Chapter 7. Fatty acid desaturation and chain elongation in mammals;204
11.1;1. Introduction;204
11.2;2. Elongation reactions of long-chain fatty acids;206
11.3;3. Desaturation of long-chain fatty acid in mammals;211
11.4;4. Functions of fatty acids synthesized by .9, .6, and .5 desaturases;216
11.5;5. Transcriptional regulation of desaturases and elongases;218
11.6;6. Summary and future directions;222
11.7;Abbreviations;222
11.8;References;223
12;Chapter 8. Phospholipid biosynthesis in eukaryotes;226
12.1;1. Introduction;227
12.2;2. Phosphatidic acid biosynthesis and conversion to diacylglycerol;227
12.3;3. Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis;231
12.4;4. Regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis;237
12.5;5. Phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis;241
12.6;6. Phosphatidylserine biosynthesis;245
12.7;7. Inositol phospholipids;248
12.8;8. Polyglycerophospholipids;249
12.9;9. Remodeling of acyl substituents of phospholipids;251
12.10;10. Regulation of gene expression in yeast;253
12.11;11. Future directions;255
12.12;Abbreviations;255
12.13;References;256
13;Chapter 9. Ether-linked lipids and their bioactive species;258
13.1;1. Introduction;259
13.2;2. Structure;260
13.3;3. Historical highlights;261
13.4;4. Natural occurrence of ether lipids;262
13.5;5. Physical properties;264
13.6;6. Biologically active ether lipids;265
13.7;7. Enzymes involved in ether lipid synthesis and regulatory controls;268
13.8;8. Catabolic enzymes;280
13.9;9. Metabolic regulation;284
13.10;10. Functions;285
13.11;11. Future directions;287
13.12;Abbreviations;288
13.13;References;288
14;Chapter 10. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissue;290
14.1;1. Introduction;290
14.2;2. Adipose development;291
14.3;3. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis and mobilization;296
14.4;4. Lipid-mediated signal transduction;310
14.5;5. Future directions;315
14.6;Abbreviations;316
14.7;References;316
15;Chapter 11. Phospholipases;318
15.1;1. Overview;318
15.2;2. The phospholipases;323
15.3;3. Future directions;340
15.4;Abbreviations;340
15.5;References;341
16;Chapter 12. The eicosanoids: cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and epoxygenase pathways;344
16.1;1. Introduction;345
16.2;2. Prostanoid biosynthesis;348
16.3;3. Prostanoid catabolism and mechanisms of action;356
16.4;4. Leukotrienes and lipoxygenase products;357
16.5;5. Cytochrome P-450s and epoxygenase pathways;370
16.6;6. Future directions;373
16.7;Abbreviations;373
16.8;References;374
17;Chapter 13. Sphingolipids;376
17.1;1. Introduction;377
17.2;2. Biochemical properties and functions;385
17.3;3. Biosynthesis of sphingolipids;388
17.4;4. Sphingolipid catabolism;398
17.5;5. Overlaps between backbone sphingolipid signaling and sphingolipid metabolism;404
17.6;7. Perspectives and future directions;407
17.7;Acknowledgments;408
17.8;Abbreviations;408
17.9;References;409
18;Chapter 14. Cholesterol biosynthesis;412
18.1;1. Introduction;412
18.2;2. The cholesterol biosynthetic pathway;414
18.3;3. Regulation of cholesterol synthesis;421
18.4;4. Metabolism of cholesterol;429
18.5;5. Future directions;432
18.6;Abbreviations;432
18.7;References;433
19;Chapter 15. Metabolism and function of bile acids;436
19.1;1. Introduction;436
19.2;2. Bile acid structure;437
19.3;3. Biosynthesis of bile acids;439
19.4;4. Transport of bile acids;443
19.5;5. Molecular regulation of key enzymes in the bile acid biosynthetic pathways;445
19.6;6. The expanding role of bile acids in metabolism;449
19.7;7. Future directions;450
19.8;Abbreviations;451
19.9;References;451
20;Chapter 16. Lipid assembly into cell membranes;454
20.1;1. Introduction;454
20.2;2. The diversity of lipids;455
20.3;3. Methods to study intra- and intermembrane lipid transport;456
20.4;4. Lipid transport processes;461
20.5;5. Future directions;495
20.6;Abbreviations;496
20.7;References;496
21;Chapter 17. Lipoprotein structure;498
21.1;1. Introduction;498
21.2;2. Lipid components;501
21.3;3. Apolipoproteins;503
21.4;4. Complexes of apolipoproteins with lipids;510
21.5;5. Future directions;517
21.6;Abbreviations;518
21.7;References;518
22;Chapter 18. Assembly and secretion of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins;520
22.1;1. Overview of secretion of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins;520
22.2;2. Structural features of apo B;523
22.3;3. Transcriptional regulation of apo B synthesis;525
22.4;4. Models used for studying the secretion of apo B and VLDL;527
22.5;5. Covalent modification of apo B;529
22.6;6. Regulation of apo B secretion by lipid supply;529
22.7;7. Intracellular apo B quality control and degradation;536
22.8;8. Metabolic regulation of VLDL secretion: overproductionin in sulin-resistant states;538
22.9;9. Assembly and secretion of chylomicrons;539
22.10;10. Assembly of lipoprotein(a);541
22.11;11. Future directions;542
22.12;Abbreviations;543
22.13;References;543
23;Chapter 19. Dynamics of lipoprotein transport in the circulatory system;546
23.1;1. Overview;546
23.2;2. Lipoprotein TGs and hydrolysis;550
23.3;3. HDL and plasma cholesterol metabolism;557
23.4;4. Summary and future directions;565
23.5;Abbreviations;565
23.6;References;565
24;Chapter 20. Lipoprotein receptors;568
24.1;1. Introduction;569
24.2;2. Removal of LDL from the circulation;571
24.3;3. Removal of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins from the plasma;578
24.4;4. Multifunctional receptors in the chicken;580
24.5;5. VLDL receptor, apo E receptor type 2 (apoER2), and LRP1 in signal transduction;581
24.6;6. Other relatives of the LDL receptor family;583
24.7;7. Scavenger receptors: lipid uptake and beyond;585
24.8;8. Future directions;588
24.9;Abbreviations;589
24.10;References;590
25;Chapter 21. Lipids and atherosclerosis;592
25.1;1. Introduction;592
25.2;2. Cholesterol and atherosclerosis;596
25.3;3. Oxysterols and atherosclerosis;601
25.4;4. Triacylglycerols and atherosclerosis;605
25.5;5. Fatty acids and atherosclerosis;606
25.6;6. Phospholipids and related lipids;609
25.7;7. Future directions;615
25.8;Abbreviations;617
25.9;References;617
26;Subject index;620
27;Color plate section;646