Riegraf / Aulenbacher / Kirsch-Auwärter Gender Change in Academia

Re-Mapping the Fields of Work, Knowledge, and Politics from a Gender Perspective
2010
ISBN: 978-3-531-92501-1
Verlag: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 458 Seiten, eBook

Editors' Foreword The fundamental changes currently taking place in the national and international science landscapes can no longer be overlooked. Within those changes, reforms do not go 'as planned' but, as is always the case with processes of rationali- tion, have a series of unintended effects. At the same time it becomes incre- ingly clear who in this process are the winners and who are the losers, although this is still subject to fluctuation and change. This can be illustrated by two - amples from current events: Where the range of taught courses is concerned, as part of the Bologna Process the new structuring of student study paths and their organisation is aimed at unifying the European area of science to ensure a study that is equally permissive and efficient. However, it is to be deplored that the mobility of s- dents has become more restricted because of an increasing specialisation in the available study paths. Also, bachelor degrees do not meet with the anticipated high response from the labour market in all countries, so that the master's degree is becoming more or less a 'must', while at the same time the number of study places on master's courses is limited. Instead of the intended reduction in the duration of study time in comparison to the previous German 'Magister' and 'Diplom', rather a prolongation in the duration of studies has been recorded.

Prof. Dr. Birgit Riegraf teaches and is doing research in sociology at the Department of Cultural Sciences at the University of Paderborn .

Prof. Dr. Brigitte Aulenbacher is Head of the Department of Theoretical Sociology and Social Analysis at the Faculty of Sociology at the University of Linz.

Dr. Edit Kirsch-Auwärter is Equal Opportunity Commissioner at the University of Göttingen and Head of the Equal Opportunities Office there.

Prof. Dr. Ursula Müller represents the Gender Studies at the Faculty of Sociology of the Bielefeld University and she is Director of the Interdisciplinary Center for Women's and Gender Studies (Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, IFF).

Zielgruppe

Professional/practitioner

Autoren/Hrsg.

Riegraf, Birgit

Aulenbacher, Brigitte

Kirsch-Auwärter, Edit

Müller, Ursula

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Table of Contents;5
2;Editors’ Foreword;9
3;“Gender Change in Academia“: Gender in Universities in Lower Saxony;13
4;Engendering the University through Policy and Practice: Barriers to Promotion to Full Professor for Women in the Science, Engineering, and Math Disciplines;15
4.1;Engendering the University through Policy and Practice;15
4.2;Methodology;18
4.3;Tenure Documents – Gendering In Policy;19
4.4;Interview Data – Faculty Experiences;20
4.5;Conclusion – Preliminary Findings and Implications;24
4.6;References;26
5;Hyper-Modernisation and Archaism: Women in Higher Education Internationally;27
5.1;Is the Present the Future That We Imagined in the Past?;27
5.2;Modernising Women’s Participation;30
5.3;The Feminisation Debate: Fear of the ‘Other’;31
5.4;Equity Scorecards: Intersecting Structures of Disadvantage;32
5.5;Public Universities;33
5.6;Private Universities;34
5.7;(Gendered) Voices from Academia;36
5.8;Conclusion;38
5.9;Acknowledgements;38
5.10;References;39
6;Gender and gatekeeping of excellence in research funding: European perspectives;43
6.1;1 Introduction;43
6.2;2 The European setting: diversity in research landscapes and gender settings;44
6.3;3 Gatekeepers and gatekeeping of research funding;49
6.4;4 Recruitment of gatekeepers;51
6.5;5 Institutional gatekeepers;53
6.6;6 German study on gender in the DFG peer review system;53
6.7;7 Funding gatekeepers in Europe still predominantly male;55
6.8;8 Final remarks and recommendations;56
6.9;References;58
7;The new entrepreneurship in science and changing gender arrangements – Approaches and perspectives;60
7.1;1 Devaluation and feminisation of science in the entrepreneurial university? An introductory theoretical positioning;60
7.2;2 Economisation and equality: ambivalent tendencies on different levels of the entrepreneurial university;62
7.3;3 The new entrepreneurship in science;64
7.4;4 What qualifies as an indicator to measure the equality and inequality between men and women? Extensions of the perspective;66
7.5;Women and Higher Education in Context;74
7.6;Gender and the New Public Management;77
7.7;Concluding Thoughts;80
7.8;Acknowledgements;81
7.9;References;81
8;Science Between Organization and Profession: Opportunities for Neutralizing Gender? – Reflections on Research Assessment;85
8.1;1 Introduction;85
8.2;2 Change in academia;86
8.3;3 Organization, profession, and gender;88
8.4;4 Empirical findings;90
8.5;5 Conclusion;95
8.6;References;96
9;Careers and the Reorganisation of University and Research Systems in France and Germany;99
9.1;1 Introduction;99
9.2;2 Problems and developments under critique in the French university and research system;100
9.3;3 Gender relations in research and university careers;105
9.3.1;3.1 Gender distribution in research institutions in France and Germany;105
9.3.2;3.2 Gender distribution in universities in France and Germany;108
9.4;4 Measures taken in the restructuring process of the research and university system and its gendered impacts in France;109
9.4.1;Impacts on Gender Relations;111
9.5;5 Doing gender in different models of the university profession embedded in different institutional settings;112
9.6;6 Concluding discussion: New public management and gender;115
9.7;References;117
10;Reforming university, re-gendering careers. Informal barriers to women academics in Austria;121
10.1;1 Gendered access barriers Austrian academia;121
10.2;2 Transformation of Austrian universities since the mid nineties. Institutional contexts of university reforms;122
10.3;3 Measures for the promotion of women in science and research in Austria;126
10.4;4 Theoretical Framework – Future research program;129
10.5;5 Summary;132
10.6;References;132
11;Grasping the poisoned chalice: Higher education and managerial identities in Sweden;135
11.1;Introduction;135
11.2;New Public Management in Higher Education in Sweden;137
11.3;Methodology;138
11.4;Management discourse in academia;139
11.5;Concluding thoughts;143
11.6;References;145
12;Is Science as way of life in transition? Some notes about the every day style of life of academics in Germany;146
12.1;1 A short introduction of gender relations in academia;146
12.2;2 The every day style of life and gender relations;148
12.3;3 Notes on the scientific style of life;149
12.4;4 Accepted style of life, professional ethics and gender relations;150
12.5;5 Recognition of lifestyle and scientific merits;152
12.6;6 Is the scientific style of life in motion?;153
12.7;References;155
13;Academic Life and Gender Relations. The Case of Fathers in Professorship;157
13.1;Men and masculinities in higher education;158
13.2;Reconstruction of male biographies;159
13.3;Ascetic work ethic and life;159
13.4;The blending of work and life;161
13.5;The power of hegemonial masculinities;162
13.6;Conclusion: Rethinking of academic careers and academic professionalism;164
13.7;References;165
14;Gender Knowledge under Construction. The Case of the European Union’s Science and Research Policy;168
14.1;1 Introduction;168
14.2;2 Gender Mainstreaming Science and Research Policy – The Policy Model;169
14.3;3 The Lack of Knowledge of the Procedures – Trying to employ Gender Mainstraming;172
14.4;4 To walk a Tightrope – Learning from Women Scientists being Political Advisors;176
14.5;5 Analysing the Ambiguity of Power Relations – Conclusion;178
14.6;References;180
15;Women in cutting-edge research – gender equality and the German Excellence Initiative;183
15.1;1 Background: The Excellence Initiative and the communicative framing of the discourse on equal opportunities;184
15.2;2 Measures of equal opportunities and women’s quotas in the Excellence Initiative;185
15.3;3 Gender in line with the Excellence Initiative – communicative framing ‚beyond’ concrete figures and measures;190
15.4;4 Future prospects;193
15.5;References;194
16;Contemporary Challenges for gender research in the context of globalisation;196
16.1;The challenge of globalisation;197
16.2;The challenges of globalisation for gender research;203
16.3;References;207
17;‘Security’ Architectures, New Ontologies and the Category of Gender. Contemporary Challenges in Feminist Technoscience Studies;210
17.1;Introduction;210
17.2;Technoscience;211
17.3;On the History of the Feminist Critique of Technology;212
17.4;Women Technoscientists, Masculinist Engineering Culture and Human Capital;214
17.5;Technoscience & Transgender: The Body as Tool Kit;217
17.6;Technoscience and the Fluidity of Sex/Gender;218
17.7;Feminist Technoscience Studies after 9/11;219
17.8;Acknowledgement;221
17.9;References;222
18;Innovative changes in biomedicine: integration of sex and gender aspects in research and clinical practice;224
18.1;1 Introduction;224
18.2;2 Gender knowledge in biomedicine; the example of the EU research policy;226
18.3;3 Remapping the knowledge field of biomedicine;229
18.4;References;232
19;Gender Studies as a Profession;236
19.1;References;243
20;Promoting Women in Post-Graduate Studies: Chances and Challenges of PhD Reforms in Germany;245
20.1;Women in academia in Germany: winners or losers?;246
20.2;When being bright is not enough: Problems of traditional doctoral education;249
20.3;A changed context for doctoral education: Challenges and new models;250
20.4;What makes for a good doctoral education?;252
20.5;Concluding remarks;256
20.6;References;258
21;From Feminist Social Work Projects to Gender and Diversity Modules? Gender in Social Work BA and MA Curricula at Universities of Applied Sciences;261
21.1;1 Introduction;261
21.2;2 Women’s projects and feminist social work;261
21.3;3 Gender and Social Work;262
21.4;4 The first survey about the integration of Gender in Social Work Curricula in 2004;262
21.5;5 The second survey with regard to the integration of Gender in Social Work Curricula in 2008;264
21.6;6 The integration of Gender within the Bachelor Social Work programmes;265
21.7;7 Judgements on the implementation of Gender in BA (MA) programmes;266
21.8;8 Teaching Gender in social work programmes;268
21.9;9 Summary;269
21.10;References;270
22;Gender Studies in Entrepreneurial Universities: The Case of Interand Transdisciplinarity;271
22.1;References;279
23;Building Two-Way Streets to Implement -Policies that Work for Gender and Science;281
23.1;Level l: Women’s Programs at NSF in the 1980s;281
23.2;Level 2: Women's Programs in the Early 1990s;283
23.3;Temporary Return to Level 1: Initiatives in the Late 1990s: Origins of POWRE;285
23.4;Level 2: Systemic Approaches Through ADVANCE;289
23.4.1;1. Termed professorships to form a mentoring network:;290
23.4.2;2. Collection of MITReport-like data indicators:;291
23.4.3;3. Family friendly policies and practices:;291
23.4.4;4. Mini-retreats to facilitate access to decision makers and provide informal conversations and discussion on topics important t;292
23.4.5;5. Removal of subtle gender, racial, and other biases in promotion and tenure:;292
23.5;Conclusion;293
23.6;References;294
24;Gender Discourses and Organisational Change. The Economisation of Gender Politics in Germany;296
24.1;1 Gender Mainstreaming and Managing Diversity;296
24.2;2 Managerial Gender Discourse ant Its Semantics;298
24.3;3 Managerial Gender Discourse and Organisational Change;299
24.4;4 Organisation of Work in Knowledge Society;300
24.5;5 Gendered organisation revisited?;302
24.6;6 Conclusion: Gender Political Implications;303
24.7;References;304
25;What works and what doesn't: How to increase the representation of women in academia and business;308
25.1;References;317
26;Gender Politics: Behavior therapy for the two sexes or a structural critique of economic relations?;320
26.1;Challenging the criteria of scientific qualification;323
26.2;Bologna process as a measure of structural adjustment;325
26.3;References;327
27;Reflecting on practical experience and a case study within the field of gender equality politics;330
27.1;1 Introduction;330
27.2;2 Gender Equality at the University of Zurich (UZH);331
27.3;3 The Graduate School as an Explorative Case Study;333
27.4;4 Insights from my practical experience and the Graduate School case study;334
27.5;5 Conclusions;338
27.6;References;339
28;Gender Mainstreaming, Diversity Management and Inclusive Excellence: From Similarities and Differences to New Possibilities;341
28.1;1. Framing;342
28.2;2. Gender Mainstreaming;343
28.3;3. Diversity Management;345
28.4;4. Looking Back and Looking Ahead;348
28.5;References;350
29;Diversity Politics and Diversity Management in Organizations;353
29.1;A Multilevel Approach is Needed;353
29.1.1;“faultlines”,;354
29.2;Paradigms of Diversity Management;354
29.3;The “fairness and discrimination” paradigm;354
29.4;The “access and legitimacy” paradigm;355
29.5;The learning and effectiveness paradigm;357
29.6;The “Charta of Diversity”;358
29.7;Systematic Implementation as a Requirement;360
29.8;References;363
30;Managing Gender & Diversity – Assumptions, Connections and Challenges for theory development;366
30.1;1 Introduction;366
30.2;2 Diversity management as a theory of action – three stages and applications;366
30.3;3 Diversity Studies as reflexive theory;368
30.4;4 Challenges for my work Managing Diversity (Five Paradoxes);369
30.5;5 Intersectionality and Diversity Studies – a meso level analysis by using the analytical energy of intersectional methodology.;373
30.6;6 Theory of social systems as combining micro-meso-macro dimensions of observation;375
30.7;7 Results;377
30.8;References;378
31;Promoting e/quality and excellence in universities and research: The “Gender-Alliance” for the German science system;383
31.1;1 Introduction;383
31.2;2 E/quality and excellence in entrepreneurial universities;384
31.3;3 The Gender-Alliance – an initiative in German science politics to put gender equality in science and research into action;386
31.4;4 A brief look at the rhetoric of the Gender-Alliance;389
31.5;5 Organisational realities of gender politics and gender equality in the German science system;391
31.6;6 Conclusions;393
31.7;References;394
32;Do Little Strokes Fell Big Oaks? Mentoring within the Federal Programme for Gender Equality at Swiss Universities and Its Impact on Academic Structures;396
32.1;Mentoring at Swiss Universities;397
32.2;Research design: The question of structural effects;398
32.3;An empirical differentiation of “structural effects”;399
32.3.1;1. Long-term establishment in university institutions:;399
32.3.2;2. Awareness of gender-specific career questions:;399
32.3.3;3. Changes in the academic field:;400
32.4;Changes in the academic field: inclusion and exclusion;401
32.5;The selection of young academic staff disregards gender categories;401
32.6;Individual suitability versus structural conditions;402
32.7;Gender and gender relations;402
32.8;Covert selection in the attribution of qualities and experience of the candidate;402
32.9;“Full commitment”;403
32.10;Overall picture: success as a result of “talent” and individual actions;404
32.11;Change through mentoring?;405
32.12;Conclusion: The rules of the academic field are not challenged by mentoring;405
32.13;References;407
33;Gender Equity in Science;410
33.1;1 Why is gender equity in science important?;410
33.2;2 Changes since the ETAN Report in 2000;411
33.3;3 Mainstreaming Gender Equity into institutions;418
33.4;References;420
33.5;Reports;421

“Gender Change in Academia“: Gender in Universities in Lower Saxony.- Engendering the University through Policy and Practice: Barriers to Promotion to Full Professor for Women in the Science, Engineering, and Math Disciplines.- Hyper-Modernisation and Archaism: Women in Higher Education Internationally.- Gender and gatekeeping of excellence in research funding: European perspectives.- The new entrepreneurship in science and changing gender arrangements – Approaches and perspectives.- Gender, Managerialism and Academe: Challenges and Prospects.- Science Between Organization and Profession: Opportunities for Neutralizing Gender? – Reflections on Research Assessment.- Careers and the Reorganisation of University and Research Systems in France and Germany.- Reforming university, re-gendering careers. Informal barriers to women academics in Austria.- Grasping the poisoned chalice: Higher education and managerial identities in Sweden.- Is Science as way of life in transition? Some notes about the every day style of life of academics in Germany.- Academic Life and Gender Relations. The Case of Fathers in Professorship.- Gender Knowledge under Construction. The Case of the European Union’s Science and Research Policy.- Women in cutting-edge research – gender equality and the German Excellence Initiative.- Contemporary Challenges for gender research in the context of globalisation.- ‘Security’ Architectures, New Ontologies and the Category of Gender. Contemporary Challenges in Feminist Technoscience Studies.- Innovative changes in biomedicine: integration of sex and gender aspects in research and clinical practice.- Gender Studies as a Profession.- Promoting Women in Post-Graduate Studies: Chances and Challenges of PhD Reforms in Germany.- From Feminist SocialWork Projects to Gender and Diversity Modules? Gender in Social Work BA and MA Curricula at Universities of Applied Sciences.- Gender Studies in Entrepreneurial Universities: The Case of Inter- and Transdisciplinarity.- Building Two-Way Streets to Implement -Policies that Work for Gender and Science.- Gender Discourses and Organisational Change. The Economisation of Gender Politics in Germany.- What works and what doesn’t: How to increase the representation of women in academia and business.- Gender Politics: Behavior therapy for the two sexes or a structural critique of economic relations?.- Reflecting on practical experience and a case study within the field of gender equality politics.- Gender Mainstreaming, Diversity Management and Inclusive Excellence: From Similarities and Differences to New Possibilities.- Diversity Politics and Diversity Management in Organizations.- Managing Gender & Diversity – Assumptions, Connections and Challenges for theory development.- Promoting e/quality and excellence in universities and research: The “Gender-Alliance” for the German science system.- Do Little Strokes Fell Big Oaks? Mentoring within the Federal Programme for Gender Equality at Swiss Universities and Its Impact on Academic Structures.- Gender Equity in Science.

Über Autor(innen)

Prof. Dr. Birgit Riegraf teaches and is doing research in sociology at the Department of Cultural Sciences at the University of Paderborn .

Prof. Dr. Brigitte Aulenbacher is Head of the Department of Theoretical Sociology and Social Analysis at the Faculty of Sociology at the University of Linz.

Dr. Edit Kirsch-Auwärter is Equal Opportunity Commissioner at the University of Göttingen and Head of the Equal Opportunities Office there.

Prof. Dr. Ursula Müller represents the Gender Studies at the Faculty of Sociology of the Bielefeld University and she is Director of the Interdisciplinary Center for Women's and Gender Studies (Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, IFF).