Rogers Integrated Molecular Evolution, Second Edition

2. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4822-3092-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 594 Seiten

Evolutionary biology has increasingly relied upon tools developed in molecular biology that allow for the structure and function of macromolecules to be used as data for exploring the patterns and processes of evolutionary change. Integrated Molecular Evolution, Second Edition is a textbook intended to expansively and comprehensive review evolutionary studies now routinely using molecular data. This new edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded, and provides a basic summary of evolutionary biology as well as a review of current phylogenetics and phylogenomics.

Reflecting a burgeoning pedagogical landscape, this new edition includes nearly double the number of chapters, including a new section on molecular and bioinformatic methods. Dedicated chapters were added on:

- Evolution of the genetic code

- Mendelian genetics and population genetics

- Natural selection

- Horizontal gene transfers

- Animal development and plant development

- Cancer

- Extraction of biological molecules

- Analytical methods

- Sequencing methods and sequencing analyses

- Omics

- Phylogenetics and phylogenetic networks

- Protein trafficking

- Human genomics

More than 400 illustrations appear in this edition, doubling the number included in the first edition, and over 100 of these diagrams are now in color.

The second edition combines and integrates extensive summaries of genetics and evolutionary biology in a manner that is accessible for students at either the graduate or undergraduate level. It also provides both the basic foundations of molecular evolution, such as the structure and function of DNA, RNA and proteins, as well as more advanced chapters reviewing analytical techniques for obtaining sequences, and interpreting and archiving molecular and genomic data.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rogers, Scott Orland

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Zellbiologie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Molekularbiologie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Evolutionsbiologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

LIFE AND EVOLUTION

Definitions of Life
Introduction
RNA and Life
Defining Life
Imagining Cellular and Molecular Dimensions
Key Points
Additional Readings

Earth and Evolution
Introduction
What Is Evolution?
Earth History
A Short History of the Study of Evolution
Earth History as One Year
Key Points
Additional Readings

BIOMOLECULES

DNA, RNA, and Proteins
Introduction
Nucleic Acids
Translation
Amino Acids and Polypeptides
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Key Points
Additional Readings

The Central Dogma and Beyond
Introduction
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Messenger RNA
Other Small Noncoding RNA
Beyond the Central Dogma
Key Points
Additional Readings

Ribosomes and Ribosomal RNA
Introduction
Ribosomes as Ribozymes
Origin of the Ribosome
Translation
How Many rDNA Copies Are Needed?
Mechanisms for Increasing rRNA Gene Copy Number
Complexity of Ribosomes
Key Points
Additional Readings

Structure of the Genetic Code
Introduction
Evolution of the Genetic Code
Why a Triplet Codon?
The First Genetic Code
Life Before Translation
Key Points
Additional Readings

DNA Replication
Introduction
Fidelity of Replication
Variations of Replication
Topology During Replication
Replication of Chromosomes
Key Points
Additional Readings

DNA Segregation
Introduction
Variations on DNA Segregation in Bacteria and Archaea
Mitosis
Variations in Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
Variations in Chromosome Number
Changes in DNA Amount through the Cell Cycle
Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction
Key Points
Additional Readings

GENETICS

Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Characters
Introduction
Alleles
The Basics of Mendelian Inheritance
Codominance, Incomplete Dominance, Overdominance, and Underdominance
Epistasis
Quantitative Trait Loci
Recombination and Linkage
Non-Mendelian Traits
Key Points
Additional Readings

Population Genetics
Introduction
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
Population Size
Life Histories
Modes of Reproduction
Key Points
Additional Readings

Alleles through Time
Introduction
Natural Selection
Levels of Selection
Random Genetic Drift
Mating and Dispersal
Gene Flow
Other Factors Affecting Allelic Proportions
Key Points
Additional Readings

Changes to DNA
Introduction
Classes of Mutations
Causes of Mutations
Mutation During Replication
DNA Repair
Genetic Recombination
Key Points
Additional Readings

Infectious Changes to DNA: Viruses, Plasmids, Transposons, and Introns
Introduction
Integration Into Chromosomes
Viruses
Introns
Transposable Elements
Plasmids
Key Points
Additional Readings

MULTICELLULARITY

Multigene Families
Introduction
Ribosomal RNA Gene Family
Globin Gene Family
Bacterial Flagella Gene Family
Laccase Gene Family
Orthologs and Paralogs
Polyploidization and Multigene Family Evolution
Key Points
Additional Readings

Horizontal Gene Transfer
Introduction
Plasmids
Viruses
Symbionts and Organelles
Parasites and Pathogens
Origin of Gram Negative Bacteria
Signs of HGT
Introns
Key Points
Additional Readings

Development: Part I—Cooperation among Cells
Introduction
Quorum Sensing
Development in Animals
Nematode Development
Homeotic Genes and Proteins
Arthropod Development
Development in Vertebrates
Hierarchy and Evolution of Homeotic Genes
Key Points
Additional Readings

Development: Part II—Plants
Introduction
Plant Morphology
Development in Plants
Gene Expression during Development
Formation of Leaves and Floral Organs
Plants versus Animals
Key Points
Additional Readings

Cancer
Introduction
Progression of Cancer
Genes Involved in Cancer
Types of Cancer
Causes of Mutations in Carcinogenesis
Hormones
Key Points
Additional Readings

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATIC METHODS

Extraction and Quantification of Biological Molecules
Introduction
Extraction of Nucleic Acids Using CTAB
Purification of Organellar DNA
Extraction of RNA
Quantification of Nucleic Acids
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Extraction of Proteins
Quantification of Proteins
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Key Points
Additional Readings

Recombinant DNA and Characterization of Biological Molecules
Introduction
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Recombinant DNA Methods
Southern Hybridization
Determination of Gene Copy Number
Microscopy
Protein Analysis
Key Points
Additional Readings

Sequencing and Alignment Methods
Introduction
Development of DNA Sequencing Methods
High-Throughput Technologies
Next-Generation Sequencing
Protein Sequencing
Sequence Homology Searches
Aligning Sequences
Key Points
Additional Readings

OMICS: Part I
Introduction
Genomics
Transcriptomics
Metagenomics/Metatranscriptomics
Microbiomics
Key Points
Additional Readings

OMICS: Part II
Introduction
Proteomics
Structural Genomics
RNAomics
Epigenomics
Metabolomics
Functional Genomics
Key Points
Additional Readings

Species Concepts and Phylogenetics
Introduction
What Is a Species?
Classification of Life
Reconstruction of Evolutionary History
Phylogenetics
Tree Terminology
Choosing a Genomic Region for Phylogenetics
Other Considerations When Performing Phylogenetic Analyses
Models of Mutation
Analyzing Aligned Sequences
Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean
Neighbor Joining
Maximum Parsimony
Maximum Likelihood
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis
Bootstrapping
Vertical versus Horizontal Evolutionary Events
Key Points
Additional Readings

Phylogenetic Networks and Reticulate Evolution
Introduction
Phylogenetic Analyses of Reticulate Events
Advantages of Phylogenetic Networks
Horizontal Gene Transfers
Species Hybridization
Recombination
Transposition
Reassortment
Examples of Reticulate Evolution Events
Key Points
Additional Readings

Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics
Introduction
Improvements in Sequencing and Phylogenomics
What to Compare
Single-Nucleotide Pol

Über Autor(innen)

Scott Orland Rogers is a professor of molecular biology and evolution at Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio. He received his PhD in plant molecular biology from the University of Washington, Seattle. He was an assistant professor and associate professor at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry before moving to BGSU. He has taught courses in biology, botany, cell physiology, molecular biology, molecular genetics, bioinformatics, and molecular evolution. Research in his lab includes studies of microbes and nucleic acids preserved in ice, life in extreme environments, group I introns, molecular microbial phylogenetics, microbial metagenomics/metatranscriptomics, ancient DNA, and plant development.