Scholz Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-0-08-046402-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 360 Seiten

Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff integrates natural and constructed wetlands, and sustainable drainage techniques into traditional water and wastewater systems used to treat surface runoff and associated diffuse pollution. The first part of the text introduces the fundamentals of water quality management, and water and wastewater treatment. The remaining focus of the text is on reviewing treatment technologies, disinfection issues, sludge treatment and disposal options, and current case studies related to constructed wetlands applied for runoff and diffuse pollution treatment. Professionals and students will be interested in the detailed design, operation, management, process control and water quality monitoring and applied modeling issues.
* Contains a comprehensive collection of timely, novel and innovative research case studies in the area of wetland systems applied for the treatment of urban runoff
* Demonstrates to practitioners how natural and constructed wetland systems can be integrated into traditional wastewater systems, which are predominantly applied for the treatment of surface runoff and diffuse pollution
* Assesses the design, operation, management and water treatment performance of sustainable urban drainage systems including constructed wetlands

Autoren/Hrsg.

Scholz, M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;WETLAND SYSTEMS TO CONTROL URBAN RUNOFF;5
3;Copyright;6
4;Acknowledgements;7
5;About the Author;9
6;Preface;13
7;Acronyms and Abbreviations;17
8;Contents;19
9;Chapter 1 - Water quality standards;29
9.1;1.1 Introduction and historical aspects;29
9.2;1.2 Water quality standards and treatment objectives;31
9.3;1.3 Some thoughts on the standards;32
10;Chapter 2 - Water treatment;35
10.1;2.1 Sources of water;35
10.2;2.2 Standard water treatment;35
10.3;2.3 Basic water chemistry;37
11;Chapter 3 - Sewage treatment;39
11.1;3.1 Introduction;39
11.2;3.2 Design flow rates;40
11.3;3.3 Treatment principles;40
11.4;3.4 Engineering classification of sewage treatment stages;40
12;Chapter 4 - Organic effluent;43
12.1;4.1 Biochemical oxygen demand;43
12.2;4.2 BOD test;44
12.3;4.3 Chemical oxygen demand;45
12.4;4.4 Other variables used for the characterisation of wastewater;45
13;Chapter 5 - Stream pollution and effluent standards;47
13.1;5.1 Organic stream pollution;47
13.2;5.2 Prediction of organic stream pollution;48
13.3;5.3 Effluent discharge standard principles;49
14;Chapter 6 - Preliminary treatment;51
14.1;6.1 Introduction;51
14.2;6.2 Design of screening units;51
14.3;6.3 Design details for screening units;53
14.4;6.4 Comminutors;53
14.5;6.5 Grit removal;54
15;Chapter 7 - Primary treatment;57
15.1;7.1 Introduction;57
15.2;7.2 Loading rate methods;58
15.3;7.3 Tank design;58
15.4;7.4 Design parameters;59
15.5;7.5 Economics of construction;60
15.6;7.6 Design details;61
15.7;7.7 Hydraulic losses;61
15.8;7.8 General design details;62
15.9;7.9 Details of various types of sedimentation tanks;62
15.10;7.10 Sedimentation aids;65
16;Chapter 8 - Theory of settling;67
16.1;8.1 Introduction;67
16.2;8.2 Classification of settling behaviour;67
16.3;8.3 Ideal settling;69
17;Chapter 9 - Coagulation and flocculation;71
17.1;9.1 Introduction;71
17.2;9.2 Colloidal suspensions;71
17.3;9.3 Coagulation processes;73
17.4;9.4 Coagulation chemicals;73
17.5;9.5 Operation of the coagulation and flocculation process;76
17.6;9.6 Rapid mixing;77
17.7;9.7 Flocculation;78
18;Chapter 10 - Sludge blanket clarifiers;79
18.1;10.1 Introduction to sludge blanket clarification systems;79
18.2;10.2 Types of sludge blanket clarifier;83
18.3;10.3 Plate settling in sludge blanket clarifiers;86
19;Chapter 11 - Flotation systems;87
19.1;11.1 Flotation using blown air;87
19.2;11.2 Flotation using dissolved air;87
19.3;11.3 Flotation units;89
20;Chapter 12 - Slow filtration;93
20.1;12.1 Introduction;93
20.2;12.2 Slow sand filtration;93
20.3;12.3 Algal actions;98
20.4;12.4 Summary of slow sand filtration;100
21;Chapter 13 - Rapid filtration;101
21.1;13.1 Elements of a rapid sand filter;101
21.2;13.2 Sand bed;102
21.3;13.3 Underdrain system;103
21.4;13.4 Hydraulics of filtration;107
21.5;13.5 Summary of rapid sand filtration;107
22;Chapter 14 - Biological treatment;109
22.1;14.1 Aerobic self-purification;109
22.2;14.2 Waste stabilisation ponds;110
23;Chapter 15 - Biological filtration;113
23.1;15.1 Introduction;113
23.2;15.2 Trickling filter;113
23.3;15.3 Basic ecology;114
23.4;15.4 Process variants;115
23.5;15.5 Design of biological filters;116
24;Chapter 16 - Constructed wetlands;119
24.1;16.1 Background;119
24.2;16.2 Definitions;120
24.3;16.3 Hydrology of wetlands;121
24.4;16.4 Wetland chemistry;123
24.5;16.5 Wetland ecosystem mass balance;130
24.6;16.6 Macrophytes in wetlands;131
24.7;16.7 Physical and biochemical parameters;133
24.8;16.8 Examples for natural and constructed wetlands;134
25;Chapter 17 - Rotating biological contactors;139
25.1;17.1 Introduction;139
25.2;17.2 Principle of operation;139
25.3;17.3 Design and loading criteria;139
25.4;17.4 Principle elements;140
25.5;17.5 Operational problems;141
26;Chapter 18 - Activated sludge processes;143
26.1;18.1 Background;143
26.2;18.2 Activated sludge process;143
26.3;18.3 Comparison between the activated sludge process, percolating filtration and wetland system;146
26.4;18.4 Activated sludge process types;147
26.5;18.5 Activated sludge process designs and kinetics;151
26.6;18.6 Summary of activated sludge processes;155
27;Chapter 19 - Iron and manganese removal;159
27.1;19.1 Introduction;159
27.2;19.2 Problems with iron and manganese;159
27.3;19.3 Basic removal processes;159
27.4;19.4 Advanced removal processes;160
28;Chapter 20 - Water softening;163
28.1;20.1 Introduction;163
28.2;20.2 Chemistry of water softening;163
28.3;20.3 Lime-soda softening;165
28.4;20.4 Lime softening;165
28.5;20.5 Excess lime softening;166
28.6;20.6 Lime recovery;166
29;Chapter 21 - Water microbiology;169
29.1;21.1 Statistics for applied microbiology;169
29.2;21.2 Protozoa;170
29.3;21.3 Biological effects of organic pollutants;173
29.4;21.4 Eutrophication and water treatment;175
29.5;21.5 Protozoology of treatment processes;176
29.6;21.6 Odour and toxins of natural origin;177
29.7;21.7 Public health aspects;177
30;Chapter 22 - Disinfection;183
30.1;22.1 Destroying pathogens and requirements of a disinfectant;183
30.2;22.2 Traditional methods of disinfection;184
30.3;22.3 Ozone;185
30.4;22.4 Chlorine dioxide;185
30.5;22.5 Chlorine as a disinfectant;186
30.6;22.6 Kinetics of chlorination;188
30.7;22.7 Applications of chlorine;188
30.8;22.8 Technology of chlorine addition;189
30.9;22.9 Advantages and disadvantages of chlorine;190
31;Chapter 23 - Sludge treatment and disposal;191
31.1;23.1 Introduction;191
31.2;23.2 Characteristics of wastewater sludges;191
31.3;23.3 Characterisation of wastewater sludges;192
31.4;23.4 Volume of sludge;194
31.5;23.5 Tests for dewatering of sludges;194
31.6;23.6 Sludge treatment and disposal objectives and methods;194
31.7;23.7 Treatment processes;196
31.8;23.8 Thickening and dewatering of sludges;197
31.9;23.9 Partial disposal;199
31.10;23.10 Land dumping and passive treatment;201
32;Chapter 24 - Wetlands treating contaminated stream water;203
32.1;24.1 Summary;203
32.2;24.2 Introduction;203
32.3;24.3 Materials and methods;204
32.4;24.4 Results and Discussion;209
32.5;24.5 Conclusions;220
33;Chapter 25 - Wetland systems to control roof runoff;223
33.1;25.1 Summary;223
33.2;25.2 Introduction;223
33.3;25.3 Methods;225
33.4;25.4 Results and discussion;229
33.5;25.5 Conclusions;237
34;Chapter 26 - Wetlands treating road runoff;239
34.1;26.1 Case study summary;239
34.2;26.2 Introduction;239
34.3;26.3 Site, materials and methodology;241
34.4;26.4 Experimental results and discussion;246
34.5;26.5 Conclusions and further work;253
35;Chapter 27 - Combined wetland and below-ground detention systems;255
35.1;27.1 Experimental case study summary;255
35.2;27.2 Introduction;255
35.3;27.3 Materials and methods;257
35.4;27.4 Results and discussion;260
35.5;27.5 Conclusions and further research;263
36;Chapter 28 - Modeling of constructed wetland performance;265
36.1;28.1 Summary;265
36.2;28.2 Introduction;265
36.3;28.3 Methodology and software;268
36.4;28.4 Results and discussion;273
36.5;28.5 Conclusions;282
37;Chapter 29 - Infiltration wetland systems;285
37.1;29.1 Summary;285
37.2;29.2 Introduction;285
37.3;29.3 Methods;286
37.4;29.4 Results and discussion;289
37.5;29.5 Conclusions;294
38;Chapter 30 - Sustainable urban drainage system model;297
38.1;30.1 Summary;297
38.2;30.2 Introduction;297
38.3;30.3 Sites, methodology and modeling;304
38.4;30.4 Results and discussion;314
38.5;30.5 Conclusions;318
39;Chapter 31 - Natural wetlands treating diffuse pollution;319
39.1;31.1 Case study overview;319
39.2;31.2 Introduction;320
39.3;31.3 Materials and methods;322
39.4;31.4 Results;327
39.5;31.5 Discussion;334
39.6;31.6 Conclusions;339
40;References;343
41;Index;355